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Anpassung

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Book cover Theoretische Ökologie

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Zusammenfassung

Es gibt Ökologen, die behaupten, man könne ökologische Vorgänge nur verstehen, wenn man sie aus der Sicht der Evolution betrachtet. Gegen diese extreme Position kann man vorbringen, daß man die Eigenschaften der Arten mit ihren gegenseitigen Wechselwirkungen einfach hinnehmen kann, ohne nach den Vorgängen der Evolution zu fragen, welche diese hervorgebracht haben, und stattdessen deren Wirkungsweisen untersuchen kann. Dies haben wir in den bisherigen Kapiteln (mit Ausnahme der Abschn. 3.1.2 und 3.1.3) so gehalten, und dies wird auch bei den meisten empirischen und theoretischen Untersuchungen getan. Dennoch ist es eine legitime Frage, warum eine Art diese oder jene Eigenschaften hat und welches die Faktoren der Selektion gewesen sein könnten, die diese bewirkt haben. Man mag zunächst an genetische Betrachtungsweisen mit Häufigkeiten für Gene und Genotypen denken. Auf dieser Ebene geht die Populationsgenetik (Wright 1969; Ewens 1970; Crow u. Kimura 1970; Sperlich 1973) diese Problematik an. Jedoch ist es in dieser Beschreibung schwierig, ökologische Faktoren, welche als Selektionsdruck die Richtung der natürlichen Auslese bestimmen, zu berückskchtigen.

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  1. Fachbereiche Biologie und Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 6, D-3550, Marburg, Deutschland

    Professor Dr. Christian Wissel

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Wissel, C. (1989). Anpassung. In: Theoretische Ökologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74535-5_6

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