Abstract
Although immune responses to bacterial polysaccharides are clinically important, the characterization of antibody responses from the point of view of induction, regulation, and isotypic patterns have not been carefully analyzed in humans. In contrast to protein antigens, the antibody response to polysaccharides has traditionally been regarded as thymus-independent (Howard et al. 1971; Fernandez and Möller 1977) although T cells may influence these responses (Baker et al. 1981). A major isotype of anti-polysaccharide antibodies is of the IgM isotype and is clonally restricted as shown by isoelectric focusing analysis (Insel et al. 1985). Proteins, on the other hand, are T cell-dependent antigens and induce immunologic memory with considerably less clonally restricted memory responses, and are largely restricted to the IgG class (Morrow et al. 1981).
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Tarkowski, A. et al. (1989). Systemic Immunization for the Induction of IgA Responses. In: Mestecky, J., McGhee, J.R. (eds) New Strategies for Oral Immunization. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 146. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74529-4_17
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74529-4_17
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