Abstract
When we attempt to rationalize a complex biological phenomenon we are always influenced by apparently similar phenomena where biochemical details are already established and the underlying molecular mechanisms are partly understood. In the field of plant pathology such influences clearly come from human and animal medicine, in which many fascinating observations have been made regarding the mechanisms causing resistance to pathogens.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Abbreviations
- cAMP:
-
3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- DP:
-
degree of polymerization
- HR:
-
hypersensitive response or reaction
References
Abad P, Guibbolini M, Poupet A, Lahlou B (1986) Occurrence and involvement of adenylate cyclase activity in the first step of tobacco mosaic virus infection of Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi nc leaves. Biochim Biophys Acta 882: 44–50
Apostol I, Low PS, Heinstein P, Stipanovic RD, Altman DW (1987) Inhibition of elicitor-induced phytoalexin formation in cotton and soybean cells by citrate. Plant Physiol 84: 1276–1280
Atkinson MM, Baker CJ, Collmer A (1986) Transient activation of plasmalemma K+ efflux and H+ influx in tobacco by a pectate lyase isozyme from Erwinia chrysanthemi. Plant Physiol 82: 142–146
Barber MS, Bertram RE, Ride JP (1989) Chitin oligosaccharides elicit lignification in wounded wheat leaves. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 34: 3–12
Blein J-P, Bourdil I, Rossignol M, Scalla R (1988) Cercospora beticola toxin inhibits vanadate-sensitive H+ transport in corn root membrane vesicles. Plant Physiol 88: 429–434
Bolard J (1986) How do the polyene macrolide antibiotics affect the cellular membrane properties? Biochim Biophys Acta 864: 257–304
Boiler T (1989) Primary signals and second messengers in the reaction of plants to pathogens. In: Boss WF, Morre DJ (eds) Second messengers in plant growth and development. Alan R Liss, New York, pp 227–255
Boiler T, Metraux JP (1988) Extracellular localization of chitinase in cucumber. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 33: 11–16
Bonhoff A, Grisebach H (1988) Elicitor-induced accumulation of glyceollin and callose in soybean roots and localized resistance against Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea. Plant Sci 54: 203–209
Cakmak I, van de Wetering DAM, Marschner H, Bienfait HF (1987) Involvement of superoxide radical in extracellular ferric reduction by iron-deficient bean roots. Plant Physiol 85: 310–314
Callow JA, Estrada-Garcia MT, Green JR (1987) Recognition of non-self: the causation and avoidance of disease. Ann Bot 60 (Suppl) 4: 3–14
Cassab GI, Varner JE (1988) Cell wall proteins. Annu Rev Plant Physiol ol Biol 39: 321–353
Christensen O (1987) Mediation of cell volume regulation by Ca2+ influx through stretch-activated channels. Nature 330: 66–68
Cohen J, Loebenstein G (1975) An electron microscope study of starch lesions in cucumber cotyledons infected with tobacco mosaic virus. Phytopathology 65: 32–39
Collmer A, Keen NT (1986) The role of pectic enzymes in plant pathogenesis. Annu Rev Phytopathol 24: 383–409
Constabel F, Rambold S, Chatson KB, Kurz WGM, Kutney JP (1981) Alkaloid production in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. VI. Variation in alkaloid spectra of cell lines derived from one single leaf. Plant Cell Rep 1: 3–5
Cosio EG, Popped H, Schmidt WE, Ebel J (1988) High-affinity binding of fungal 0-glucan fragments to soybean ( Glycine max L.) microsomal fractions and protoplasts. Eur J Biochem 175: 309–315
Crane FL, Sun IL, Clark MG, Grebing C, Low H (1985) Transplasma-membrane redox systems in growth and development. Biochim Biophys Acta 811: 233–264
Creamer JR, Bostock RM (1988) Contribution of eicosapolyenoic fatty acids to the sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin elicitor activities of Phytophthora infestans spores. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 32: 49–59
Dangl JL, Hauffe KD, Lipphardt S, Hahlbrock K, Scheel D (1987) Parsley protoplasts retain different responsiveness to u. v. light and fungal elicitor. EMBO J 6: 2551–2556
Davis KR, Hahlbrock K (1987) Induction of defense responses in cultured parsley cells by plant cell wall fragments. Plant Physiol 85: 1286–1290
Davis KR, Darvill AG, Albersheim P (1986) Host-pathogen interactions XXXI. Several biotic and abiotic elicitors act synergistically in the induction of phytoalexin accumulation in soybean. Plant Mol Biol 6: 23–32
Delmer DP (1987) Cellulose biosynthesis. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 38: 259–290
Dixon RA (1986) The phytoalexin response: elicitatton, signalling and control of host gene expression. Biol Rev 61: 239–291
Doke N, Ohashi Y (1988) Involvement of an Or generating system in the induction of necrotic lesions on tobacco leaves infected with tobacco mosaic virus. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 32: 163–175
Doke N, Chai HB, Kawaguchi A (1987) Biochemical basis of triggering and suppression of hypersensitive cell response. In: Nishimura S, Vance CP, Doke N (eds) Molecular determinants of plant diseases. Japan Sci Soc Press, Tokyo/Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp 235–251
Ebel J (1986) Phytoalexin synthesis: the biochemical analysis of the induction process. Annu Rev Phytopathol 24: 235–264
Ebel J, Grisebach H (1988) Defense strategies of soybean against the fungus Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea: a molecular analysis. Trends Biochem Sci 13: 23–27
Eilert U, Constabel F, Kurz WGW (1986) Elicitor-stimulation of monoterpene indole alkaloid formation in suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus. J Plant Physiol 126: 11–22
Elstner EF (1982) Oxygen activation and oxygen toxicity. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 33: 73–96
Falke LC, Edwards KL, Pickard BG, Misler S (1988) A stretch-activated anion channel in tobacco protoplasts. FEBS Lett 237: 141–144
Fink J, Jeblick W, Blaschek W, Kauss H (1987) Calcium ions and polyamines activate the plasma membrane-located l,3-ß-glucan synthase. Planta 171: 130–135
Fink W, Liefland M, Mendgen K (1988) Chitinases and ß-l,3-glucanases in the apoplastic compartment of oat leaves ( A vena sativa L. ). Plant Physiol 88: 270–275
Fredrikson K, Larsson C (1989) Activation of l,3-ß-glucan synthase by Ca2+, spermine and cellobiose. — Localization of activator sites using inside-out plasma membrane vesicles. Physiol Plant 77: 196–201
Gold RE, Aist JR, Hazen BE, Stolzenburg MC, Marshall MR, Israel HW (1986) Effects of calcium nitrate and chlortetracycline on papilla formation, ml-o resistance and susceptibility of barley to powdery mildew. Physiol Plant Pathol 29: 115–129
Gustine DL (1987) Induction of medicarpin biosynthesis in ladino clover callus by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid is reversed by dithiothreitol. Plant Physiol 84: 3–6
Hachler H, Hohl HR (1984) Temporal and spatial distribution patterns of collar and papillae wall appositions in resistant and susceptible tuber tissue of Solanum tuberosum infected by Phytophthora infestans. Physiol Plant Pathol 24: 107–118
Hahn MG, Grisebach H (1983) Cyclic AMP is not involved as a second messenger in the response of soybean to infection by Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea. Z Naturforsch 38c: 578–582
Hahn MG, Bucheli P, Gervone F, Doares SH, O’Neill RA, Darvill A, Albersheim P (1989) The roles of cell wall constituents in plant-pathogen interactions. In: Nester E, Kosuge T (eds) Plant- microbe interactions, Vol 3. McGraw Hill, New York, in press
Halverson LJ, Stacey G (1986) Signal exchange in plant-microbe interactions. Microbiol Rev 50: 193–225
Hayashi T, Read SM, Bussell J, Thelen M, Lin F-C, Brown Jr RM, Delmer DP (1987) UDP- Glucose:(l 3)ß-glucan synthases from mung bean and cotton. Plant Physiol 83: 1054–1062
Hedrich R, Neher E (1987) Cytoplasmic calcium regulates voltage-dependent ion channels in plant vacuoles. Nature 329: 833–836
Hedrich R, Schroeder JI (1989) The physiology of ion channels and electrogenic pumps in higher plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 40: 539–569
Holden MJ, Sze H (1987) Dissipation of the membrane potential in susceptible corn mitochondria by the toxin Helminthosporium maydis, race T, and toxin analogs. Plant Physiol 84: 670–676
Houslay MD (1987) Egg activation unscrambles a potential role for IP4. Trends Biochem Sci 12: 1–2
Huang S J, Monk PN, Downes CP, Whetton AD (1988) Platelet-activating factor-induced hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate stimulates the production of reactive oxygen intermediates in macrophages. Biochem J 249: 839–845
Kauffmann S, Legrand M, Geoffroy P, Fritig B (1987) Biological function of pathogenesis-related proteins: four PR proteins of tobacco have l,3-ß-glucanase activity. EMBO J 6: 3209–3212
Kauss H (1987a) Some aspects of calcium-dependent regulation in plant metabolism. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 38: 47–72
Kauss H (1987b) Callose Synthese. Regulation durch induzierten Ca2+-Einstrom in Pflanzenzellen. Naturwissenschaften 74: 275–281
Kauss H, Jeblick W (1986) Influence of free fatty acids, lysophosphatidylcholine, platelet-activating factor, acylcarnitine, and Echinocandin B on l,3-ß-glucan synthase and callose synthesis. Plant Physiol 80: 7–13
Kauss H, Jeblick W, Domard A (1989) Degree of polymerization and N-acetylation of chitosan determine its ability to elicit callose formation in suspension cells and protoplasts of Cataranthus roseus. Planta 178: 385–392
Keppler LD, Novacky A (1987) The initiation of membrane lipid peroxidation during bacteria-induced hypersensitive reaction. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 30: 233–245
Keppler LD, Atkinson MM, Baker CJ (1988) Plasma membrane alteration during bacteria-induced hypersensitive reaction in tobacco suspension cells as monitored by intracellular accumulation of fluorescein. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 32: 209–219
Keppler LD, Atkinson MM, Baker CJ (1989) OJ-initiated lipid peroxidation in a bacteria-induced hypersensitive reaction in tobacco cell suspensions. Phytopathology 79: 555–562
Klucis E, Polya GM (1987) Calcium-independent activation of two plant leaf calcium-regulated protein kinases by unsaturated fatty acids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 147: 1041–1047
Knauf GM, Welter K, Miiller M, Mendgen K (1989) The haustorial plant parasite interface in rust-infected bean leaves after high pressure freezing. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 34: 519–530
Koga H, Zeyen RJ, Bushnell WR, Ahlstrand GG (1988) Hypersensitive cell death, autofluorescence, and insoluble silicon accumulation in barley leaf epidermal cells under attack by Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 32: 395–409
Kohle H, Young DH, Kauss H (1984) Physiological changes in suspension-cultured soybean cells elicited by treatment with chitosan. Plant Sci Lett 33: 221–230
Kohle H, Jeblick W, Poten F, Blaschek W, Kauss H (1985) Chitosan-elicited callose synthesis in soybean cells as a Ca2+-dependent process. Plant Physiol 77: 544–551
Kogel G, Beissmann B, Reisener HJ, Kogel RH (1988) A single glycoprotein from Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici cell walls elicits the hypersensitive lignification response in wheat. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 33: 173–185
Kolattukudy PE (1985) Enzymatic penetration of the plant cuticle by fungal pathogens. Annu Rev Phytopathol 23: 223–250
Kuc J, Rush JS (1985) Phytoalexins. Arch Biochem Biophys 236: 455–472
Kunoh H, Hayashimoto A, Harui M, Ishizaki H (1985) Induced susceptibility and enhanced resistance at the cellular level in barley coleoptiles. I. The significance of timing of fungal invasion. Physiol Plant Pathol 27: 43–54
Kurosaki F, Tsurusawa Y, Nishi A (1987a) The elicitation of phytoalexins by Ca2+ and cyclic AMP in carrot cells. Phytochemistry 26: 1919–1923
Kurosaki F, Tsurusawa Y, Nishi A (1987b) Breakdown of phosphatidylinositol during the elicitation of phytoalexin production in cultured carrot cells. Plant Physiol 85: 601–604
Larsson C, Widell S, Sommarin M (1988) Inside-out plant plasma membrane vesicles of high purity obtained by aqueous two-phase partitioning. FEBS Lett 229: 289–292
Legrand M, Kauffmann S, Geoffroy P, Fritig B (1987) Biological function of pathogenesis-related proteins: four tobacco pathogenesis-related proteins are chitinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 6750–6754
Leshem YY (1987) Membrane phospholipid catabolism and Ca2+ activity in control of senescence. Physiol Plant 69: 551–559
Macri F, Vianello A, Cerana R, Rasi-Caldogno F (1980) Effects of Cercospora beticola toxin on ATP level of maize roots and on the phosphorylating activity of isolated pea mitochondria. Plant Sci Lett 18: 207–214
Malbon CC, George ST, Moxham CP (1987) Intramolecular disulfide bridges: avenues to receptor activation? Trends Biochem Sci 12: 172–175
Mayama S, Tani T, Ueno T, Midland SL, Sims JJ, Keen NT (1986) The purification of victorin and its phytoalexin elicitor activity in oat leaves. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 29: 1–18
Mayer MG, Ziegler E (1988) An elicitor from Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea influences the membrane potential of soybean cotyledonary cells. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 33: 397–407
Mazau D, Esquerre-Tugaye MT (1986) Hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein accumulation in the cell walls of plants infected by various pathogens. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 29: 147–157
Meiners S, Baron-Epel O, Schindler M (1988) Intercellular communication — filling in the gaps. Plant Physiol 88: 791–793
Mendgen K, Schneider A, Sterk M, Fink W (1988) The differentiation of infection structures as a result of recognition events between some biotrophic parasites and their hosts. J Phytopathol 123: 259–279
Meshi T, Watanabe Y, Saito T, Sugimoto A, Maeda T, Okada Y (1987) Function of the 30 kd protein of tobacco mosaic virus: involvement in cell-to-cell movement and dispensability for replication. EMBO J 6: 2557–2563
Mirelman D, Galun E, Sharon N, Lotan R (1975) Inhibition of fungal growth by wheat germ agglutinin. Nature 256: 414–416
O’Connell RJ (1987) Absence of a specialized interface between intracellular hyphae of Colleto-trichum lindemuthianum and cells of Phaseolus vulgaris. New Phytol 107: 725–734
O’Connell RJ, Bailey JA, Richmond DV (1985) Cytology and physiology of infection of Phaseolus vulgaris by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Physiol Plant Pathol 27: 75–98
Odermatt M, Rothlisberger A, Werner C, Hohl HR (1988) Interactions between agarose-embedded plant protoplasts and germ tubes of Phytophthora. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 33: 209–220
Ojalvo I, Rokem JS, Navon G, Goldberg I (1987) 31P NMR study of elicitor treated Phaseolus vulgaris cell suspension cultures. Plant Physiol 85: 716–719
Osswald WF, Zieboll S, Elstner EF (1985) Comparison of pH changes and elicitor induced production of glyceollin isomers in soybean cotyledons. Z Naturforsch 40c: 477 - 481
Parker JE, Hahlbrock K, Scheel D (1988) Different cell wall components from Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea elicit phytoalexin production in soybean and parsley. Planta 176: 75–82
Pavlovkin J, Novacky A, Ullrich-Eberius CI (1986) Membrane potential changes during bacteria-induced hypersensitive reaction. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 28: 125–135
Pelissier B, Thibaud JB, Grignon C, Esquerre-Tugaye MT (1986) Cell surfaces in plant-microorganism interactions. VII. Elicitor preparations from two fungal pathogens depolarize plant membranes. Plant Sci 46: 103–109
Pontzen R (1985) Untersuchungen zum EinfluB von Glucanen und Mannanen aus Phytophthora megasperma F. Sp. glycinea auf die Akkumulation des Phytoalexins Glyceollin in Sojabohnen. PhD Thesis, Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen, FRG
Ponz F, Bruening G (1986) Mechanisms of resistance to plant viruses. Annu Rev Phytopathol 24: 355–381
Preisig CL, Kuc JA (1985) Arachidonic acid-related elicitors of the hypersensitive response in potato and enhancement of their activities by glucans from Phytophthora infestans ( Mont) de Bary. Arch Biochem Biophys 236: 379–389
Roitt IM, Brostoff J, Male DK (1985) Immunology. Gower Medical Publishing, London
Rudolph K (1976) Non-specific toxins. In: Heitefuss P, Williams PH (eds) Encyclopedia of plant physiology new series, vol 4. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 270–315
Satter RL, Moran N (1988) Ionic channels in plant cell membranes. Physiol Plant 72: 816–820
Scheffer RP (1976) Host-specific toxins in relation to pathogenesis and disease resistance. In: Heitefuss P, Williams PH (eds) Encyclopedia of plant physiology new series, vol 4. Springer, Berlin, pp 247–269
Scheffer RP, Briggs SP (1981) A perspective of toxin studies in plant pathology. In: Durbin RD (ed) Toxins in plant disease. Academic Press, New York, pp 1–20
Schmidt WE, Ebel J (1987) Specific binding of a fungal glucan phytoalexin elicitor to membrane fractions from soybean Glycine max. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 4117–4121
Schroter H, Novacky A, Macko V (1985) Effect of Helminthosporium sacchari-toxin on cell membrane potential of susceptible sugarcane. Physiol Plant Pathol 26: 165–174
Schumacher H.-M, Gundlach H, Fiedler F, Zenk MH (1987) Elicitation of benzophenanthridine alkaloid synthesis in Eschscholtzia cell cultures. Plant Cell Reports 6: 410–413
Sharp JK, Valent B, Albersheim P (1984a) Purification and partial characterization of a ß-glucan fragment that elicits phytoalexin accumulation in soybean. J Biol Chem 259: 11312–11320
Sharp JK, Mc Neil M, Albersheim P (1984b) The primary structures of one elicitor-active and seven elicitor-inactive hexa (ß-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-glucitols isolated from the mycelial walls of Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea. J Biol Chem 259: 11321–11336
Smith JA, Hammerschmidt R (1988) Comparative study of acidic peroxidases associated with induced resistance in cucumber, muskmelon and watermelon. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 33: 255–261
Stab MR, Ebel J (1987) Effects of Ca2+ on phytoalexin induction by fungal elicitor in soybean cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 257: 416–423
Stoessl A (1981) Structure and biogenetic relations: fungal nonhost-specific. In: Durbin RD (ed) Toxins in plant disease. Academic Press, New York, pp 109–219
Stossel P (1984) Regulation by sulfhydryl groups of glyceollin accumulation in soybean hypocotyls. Planta 160: 314–319
Strobel GA (1982) Phytotoxins. Annu Rev Biochem 51: 309–333
Sziraki J, Balazs E, Kiraly Z (1980) Role of different stresses in inducing systemic acquired resistance to TMV and increasing cytokinin level in tobacco. Physiol Plant Pathol 16: 277–284
Thuleau P, Graziana A, Rossignol M, Kauss H, Auriol P, Ranjeva R (1988) Binding of the phytotoxin zinniol stimulates the entry of calcium into plant protoplasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 5932–5935
Tucker EB (1988) Inositol bisphosphate and inositol trisphosphate inhibit cell-to-cell passage of carboxyfluorescein in staminal hairs of Setcreasea purpurea. Planta 174: 358–363
Ullrich-Eberius CI, Pavlovkin J, Schindel J, Fischer K, Novacky A (1988) Changes in plasmalemma functions induced by phytopathogenic bacteria. In: Crane FL, Morre DJ, Low M (eds) Plasma membrane oxidoreductase in control of animal and plant growth. Plenum, New York, pp 323–332
van Loon LC (1989) Stress proteins in infected plants. In: Kosuge T, Nester EW (eds) Plant microbe interactions. Molecular and genetic perspectives, Vol 3. Mc Graw-Hill, New York, in press
Waldmann T, Jeblick W, Kauss H (1988) Induced net Ca2+ uptake and callose biosynthesis in suspension-cultured plant cells. Planta 173: 88–95
Walton JD, Earle ED (1985) Stimulation of extracellular polysaccharide synthesis in oat protoplasts by the host-specific phytotoxin victorin. Planta 165: 407–415
Wingate VPM, Lawton MA, Lamb CJ (1988) Glutathione causes a massive and selective induction of plant defense genes. Plant Physiol 87: 206–210
Woods AM, Didehvar F, Gay JL, Mansfield JW (1988) Modification of the host plasmalemma in haustorial infections of Lactuca sativa by Bremia lactucae. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 33: 299–310
Yatani A, Codina J, Brown AM, Birnbaumer L (1987a) Direct activation of mammalian atrial muscarinic potassium channels by GTP regulatory protein Gk. Science 235: 207–211
Yatani A, Codina J, Imoto Y, Reeves JP, Birnbaumer L, Brown AM (1987b) A G protein directly regulates mammalian cardiac calcium channels. Science 238: 1288–1292
Yoshikawa M, Keen NT, Wang MC (1983) A receptor on soybean membranes for a fungal elicitor of phytoalexin accumulation. Plant Physiol 73: 497–506
Youngman RJ, Schieberle P, Schnabl H, Grosch W, Elstner EF (1983) The photodynamic generation of singlet molecular oxygen by the fungal phytotoxin, cercosporin. Photobiochem Photobiophys 6: 109–119
Ziegler E, Pontzen R (1982) Specific inhibition of glucan-elicited glyceollin accumulation in soybeans by an extracellular mannan-glycoprotein of Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea. Physiol Plant Pathol 20: 321–331
Zook MN, Kuc J (1987) Arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids; glucans and calcium as regulators of resistance to a plant disease. In: Stumpf PK, Mudd JB, Nes WD (eds) The metabolism, structure and function of plant lipids. Plenum Publishing, New York, pp 75–82
Zook MN, Rush JS, Kuc JA (1987) A role for Ca2+ in the elicitation of rishitin and lubimin accumulation in potato tuber tissue. Plant Physiol 84: 520–525
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kauss, H. (1989). Role of the Plasma Membrane in Host-Pathogen Interactions. In: Larsson, C., Møller, I.M. (eds) The Plant Plasma Membrane. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74522-5_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74522-5_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-74524-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-74522-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive