Abstract
In any real community of living organisms, be it on grassland weed patch by the roadside, in marshland, or in forest, there will be present a great number of species of plants, animals, and probably of bacteria and viruses. If you consider pairs of these species, they will almost all show some type of interaction. An interaction between two species can be either beneficial to both (e.g., symbiotic interactions), harmful to both (e.g., competitive interactions) or harmful to one and beneficial to the other (e.g., host-parasite or prey-predator interactions). In a diffuse community, the interaction between any two species is likely not to be direct but connected through a chain of other species.
Deceased 21.1.1988
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© 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Jayakar, S.D., Zonta, L.A. (1990). Coevolution at Two Trophic Levels. In: Wöhrmann, K., Jain, S.K. (eds) Population Biology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74474-7_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74474-7_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
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