Abstract
A range of relationships can be formed between fungi and higher plants. Fungi are heterotrophic and grow by absorbing easily assimilable substrates directly or by first breaking down compounds by means of extracellular enzymes. Nutrients may be obtained from nonliving material by saprotrophy; from living tissues symbiotically, conferring mutual nutritional benefit or alternatively by parasitism through biotrophy or necrotrophy, causing disease and often resulting in plant death.
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Lynch, P.T., Isaac, S., Collin, H.A. (1989). Uptake of Fungal Protoplasts by Plant Protoplasts. In: Bajaj, Y.P.S. (eds) Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering II. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, vol 9. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74454-9_24
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74454-9_24
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