Skip to main content

Abstract

Many intracranial mass lesions of non-neoplastic origin present CT and MR features similar or identical to those of true neoplasms. In many cases a definitive diagnosis cannot be made from imaging findings alone, and misinterpretation is possible even when the history and clinical findings are considered. Yet an accurate preoperative diagnosis is an essential prerequisite for selecting candidates for a neurosurgical operation and planning the procedure. In some cases the full range of neuroradiologic techniques may have to be applied and evaluated in the context of clinical findings before the physician can accurately classify the disease and draw appropriate therapeutic conclusions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

Overviews

  • Kazner E, Klein W, Stochdorph O (1978) Möglichkeiten und Aussagewert der Computertomographie bei nicht tumorbedingten raumfordernden intrakraniellen Prozessen. Roentgenpraxis 31:181–198

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruggiero G, Sabattini L (1976) La tomographie axiale avec ordinateur dans les maladies non tumorales. J Neuroradiol 3:313–330

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams RG, Osborn AG (1980) Low-attenuation lesions in the middle cranial fossa: differential diagnosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 4:89–97

    CAS  Google Scholar 

F.1. Inflammatory Lesions

  • Allo MD, Silva J, Kauffman CA, Dicks RE III (1979) Enlarging histoplasmomas following treatment of meningitis due to histoplasma capsulatum. J Neurosurg 51:242–244

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aulich A, Lange S, Steinhoff H, Schindler E, Wende S (1976) Diagnosis and follow-up studies in brain abscesses using CT. In: Lanksch W, Kazner E (eds) Cranial computerized tomography. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 366–371

    Google Scholar 

  • Bannister G, Williams B, Smith S (1981) Treatment of subdural empyema. J Neurosurg 55:82–88

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benator RM, Magill HL, Gerald B, Igarashi M, Fitch SJ (1985) Herpes simplex encephalitis: CT findings in the neonate and young infant. AJNR 6:539–543

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bilaniuk LT, Zimmerman RA, Brown L, Yoo HJ, Goldberg HI (1978) Computed tomography in meningitis. Neuroradiology 16:13–14

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blaquiere RM (1983) The computed tomographic appearances of intra- and extracerebral abscesses. Br J Radiol 56:171–181

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borovich B, Braun J, Honigman S, Joachims HZ, Peyser E (1981) Supratentorial and parafalcial subdural empyema diagnosed by computerized tomography. J Neurosurg 54:105–107

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brant-Zawadzki M, Enzmann DR, Placone RC, Sheldon P, Britt RH, Brasch RC, Crooks LA (1983) NMR imaging of experimental brain abscess: comparison with CT. AJNR 4:250–253

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buge A, Metzger J, Rancurel G, Gardeur D, Eohanno F, Pertuiset BF (1979) Les aspects tomodensitométriques (C.T. Scan) des encephalites aiguës nécrosantes herpetiques (7 cas) premieres tentatives therapeutiques par l’isoprinosine. Rev Neurol 135:401–416

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bullock MRR, Welchman JM (1982) Diagnostik and prognostic features of tuberculous meningitis on CT scanning. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 45:1098–1101

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Byrne E, Brophy BP, Perrett LV (1979) Nocardia cerebral abscess: new concepts in diagnosis, management and prognosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 42:1038–1045

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carter BL, Bankoff MS, Fisk JD (1983) Computed tomographic detection of sinusitis responsible for intracranial and extracranial infections. Radiology 147:739–742

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Casselman ES, Hasso AN, Ashwal S, Schneider S (1980) Computed tomography of tuberculous meningitis in infants and children. J Comput Assist Tomogr 4:211–216

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiu LC, Jensen JC, Cornell SH, Christie JH (1977) Computerized tomography of brain abscess. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1:33–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Claveria LE, du Boulay GH, Moseley LF (1976) Intracranial infections: investigation by computerized axial tomography. Neuroradiology 12:59–71

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cockrill HH Jr, Dreisbach J, Lowe B, Yamauchi T (1978) Computed tomography in leptomeningeal infections. Am J Roentgenol 130:511–515

    Google Scholar 

  • Damasio AR, van Hoesen GW (1985) The limbic system and the localisation of herpes simplex encephalitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 48:297–301

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Danziger A, Price H, Schechter MM (1980) An analysis of 113 intracranial infections. Neuroradiology 19:31–34

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson HD, Steiner RE (1985) Magnetic resonance imaging in infections of the central nervous system. AJNR 6:499–504

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis JM, Davis KR, Kleinman GM, Kirchner HS, Taveras JM (1978) Computed tomography of herpes simplex encephalitis, with clinicopathological correlation. Radiology 129:409–417

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubois PJ, Heinz ER, Wessel HB, Zaias BW (1979) Multi-cystic encephalomalacia of infancy: computed tomographic findings in two cases with associated intracerebral calcifications. J Comput Assist Tomogr 3:97–102

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enzmann DR (1984) Imaging of infections and inflammations of the central nervous system: Computed tomography, ultrasound, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Raven Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Enzmann DR, Norman D, Mani J, Newton ThH (1976) Computed tomography of granulomatous basal arachnoiditis. Radiology 120:341–344

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enzmann DR, Ranson B, Norman D, Talberth E (1978) Computed tomography of herpes simplex encephalitis. Radiology 129:419–425

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enzmann DR, Britt RH, Yeager AS (1979) Experimental brain abscess evolution: Computer tomographic and neuropathologic correlation. Radiology 133:113–122

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enzmann DR, Britt RH, Placone RC, Obana W, Lyons B, Yeager AS (1982) The effect of short-term corticosteroid treatment on the CT appearance of experimental brain abscesses. Radiology 145:79–84

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enzmann DR, Britt RH, Placone R (1983) Staging of human brain abscess by computed tomography. Radiology 146:703–708

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enzmann DR, Placone RC, Britt RH (1984) Dynamic computed tomographic scans in experimental brain abscess. Neuroradiology 26:309–313

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enzmann DR, Britt RH, Obana WG, Stuart J, Murphy-Irwin K (1986) Experimental Staphylococcus aureus brain abscess. AJNR 7:395–402

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fink IJ, Danziger A, Dillon WP, Brant-Zawadzki M, Rechthand E (1984) Atypical CT findings in bacterial meningoencephalitis. Neuroradiology 26:51–54

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galbraith JG, Barr VW (1974) Epidural abscess and subdural empyema. Adv Neurol 6:257–267

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grossman RI, Wolf G, Biery D, McGrath J, Kundel H, Aronchick J, Zimmerman RA, Goldberg HI, Bilaniuk LT (1984) Gadolinium enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance images of experimental brain abscess. J Comput Assist Tomogr 8:204–207

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hacke W, Zeumer H (1981) Computertomographie bei Herpes-simplex-Enzephalitis. Fortschr Röntgenstr 135:426–431

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herman TE, Cleveland RH, Kushner DG, Taveras JM (1985) CT of neonatal herpes encephalitis. AJNR 6:773–775

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holtas S, Tornquist C, Cronqvist S (1982) Diagnostic difficulties in computed tomography of brain abscesses. J Comput Assist Tomogr 6:683–688

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joubert M J, Stephanov S (1977) Computerized tomography and surgical treatment in intracranial suppuration. J Neurosurg 47:73–78

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman DM, Leeds NE (1977) Computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of intracranial abscesses. Brain abscess, subdural empyema and epidural empyema. Neurology 27:1069–1073

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman DM, Zimmerman RD, Leeds NE (1979) Computed tomography in herpes simplex encephalitis. Neurology 29:1392–1396

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kazner E (1976) Effects of computerized axial tomography on the treatment of cerebral abscess. Neuroradiology 12:57–58

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirmani N, Tuazon CU, Ocuin JA, Thompson AM, Kramer NC, Geelhoed GW (1978) Extensive cerebral nocardiosis cured with antibiotic therapy alone. J Neurosurg 49:924–928

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kretzschmar K, Wallenfang T, Bohl J (1981) CT studies of brain abscess in cats. Neuroradiology 22:93–98

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leo JS, Weiner RL, Lin JP, Ransohoff J (1978) Computed tomography in herpes simplex encephalitis. Surg Neurol 10:313–317

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Long Jr JA, Herdt JR, Di Chiro G, Cramer HR (1980) Cerebral mass lesions in torulosis demonstrated by computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 4:766–769

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luken MG III, Whelan MA (1980) Recent diagnostic experience with subdural empyema. J Neurosurg 52:764–771

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Messina AV, Guido LJ, Liebeskind AL (1977) Preoperative diagnosis of brain-stem abscess by computerized tomography with survival. J Neurosurg 47:106–108

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mikhael MA (1978) Radiation necrosis of the brain: correlation between computed tomography, pathology and dose distribution. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2:71–80

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mineury K, Mori T (1980) Sparganosis of the brain. J Neurosurg 52:588–590

    Google Scholar 

  • Moseley IF, Kendall BE (1984) Radiology of intracranial empyemas, with special reference to computed tomography. Neuroradiology 26:333–345

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moseley IF, Claveria LE, du Boulay GH (1977) Diseases of the brain parenchyma, atrophy and hydrocephalus. The role of CAT in the diagnosis and management of intracranial infection. In: du Boulay GH, Moseley IF (eds) Computerised axial tomography in clinical practice. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 182–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Moussa AH, Dawson BH (1978) Computed tomography and the mortality rate in brain abscess. Surg Neurol 10:301–304

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • New PFJ, Davis KR, Ballantine HT (1976) Computed tomography in cerebral abscess. Radiology 121:641–646

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen H, Gyldensted C (1977) Computed tomography in the diagnosis of cerebral abscess. Neuroradiology 12:207–217

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Price HJ, Danziger A (1978) Computed tomography in cranial tuberculosis. Am J Roentgenol 130:769–771

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Probst FP (1980) Non-pyogenic focal encephalitis diagnosis and follow-up by computed tomography and nuclear brain scanning. Neuroradiology 20:155–158

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reisner Th (1979) Die Bedeutung der kranialen Computertomographie in der Differentialdiagnose entzündlicher Erkrankungen des Gehirns. In: Sager W-D, Ladurner G (eds) Computertomographie. Thieme, Stuttgart, S 74–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts FJ (1981) Problems in the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. Arch Neurol 38:319–320

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodiek SO, Backmund H (1984) Die Herpes-simplex-Enzephalitis im Computertomogramm. Fortschr Röntgenstr 141:23–29

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenblum ML, Hoff JT, Norman D, Edwards MS, Berg BO (1980) Nonoperative treatment of brain abscesses in selected high-risk patients. J Neurosurg 52:217–225

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenblum ML, Hoff JT, Norman D, Weinstein PR, Pitts L (1978) Decreased mortality from brain abscesses since advent of computerized tomography. J Neurosurg 49:658–668

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rovira M, Romero F, Torrent O, Ibarra B (1980) Study of tuberculous meningitis by CT. Neuroradiology 19:137–141

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Runge VM, Clanton JA, Price AC, Herzer WA, Allen JH, Partain CL, James RE (1985) Evaluation of contrast enhanced MR imaging in a brain-abscess model. AJNR 6:139–147

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sadhu VK, Handel SF, Pinto RS, Glass TF (1980) Neuroradiology diagnosis of subdural empyema and CT limitations. AJNR 1:37–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Sage MR, Dubois PJ, Oakes J, Rothman S, Heinz ER, Drayer B (1981) Rapid development of cerebral atrophy due to perinatal herpes simplex encephalitis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 5:763–766

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schiefer W, Huk W (1976) Computerized tomographic findings with brain abscesses. In: Lanksch W, Kazner E (eds) Cranial computerized tomography. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 360–365

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiefer W, Klinger M (1978) Aspects of modern brain abscess diagnosis and treatment. Neurosurg Rev 1/2:37–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Schochet SS, Sarwar M, Kelly PJ, Masel BE (1980) Symptomatic cerebral histoplasmoma. J Neurosurg 52:273–275

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schroth G, Thron A (1983) Neuroradiologische Verlaufsdiagnostik konservativ behandelter Hirnabszesse. Radiologe 23:463–470

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schroth G, Kretzschmar K, Gawehn J, Voigt K (1987) Advantage of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of cerebral infections. Neuroradiology 29:120–126

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith HP, Hendrick EB (1983) Subdural empyema and epidural abscess in children. J Neurosurg 58:392–397

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stephanov S (1978) Experience with multiloculated brain abscesses. J Neurosurg 49:199–203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stephanov S, Joubert MJ, Weichmann JM (1979) Combined convexity and parafalx subdural empyema. Surg Neurol 11:147–151

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamaka R, Takeda N, Okada K, Ueki K (1979) Computerized tomography of coagulation necrosis of the brain and brain tumors. Surg Neurol 11:9–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson JLG (1976) The computed axial tomography in acute herpes simplex encephalitis. Br J Radiol 49:86–87

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tress B, Davis S (1979) Computed tomography of intracerebral toruloma. Neuroradiology 17:223–226

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tully RJ, Watts C (1979) Computed tomography and intracranial aspergillosis. Neuroradiology 17:111–113

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallenfang T, Bohl J, Kretzschmar K (1980) Evolution of brain abscess in cats. Formation of capsule and resolution of brain edema. Neurosurg Rev 3:101–111

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weisberg LC (1986) Subdural empyema: clinical and computed tomographic correlations. Arch Neurol 43:497–500

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whelan MA, Hilal SK (1980) Computed tomography as a guide in the diagnosis and follow-up of brain abscesses. Radiology 135:663–671

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitley RJ (1982) Herpes simplex virus infections of the central nervous system in children. Semin Neurol 2:87–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman RA, Bilaniuk LT (1980) CT of orbital infection and its cerebral complications. Am J Roentgenol 134:45–50

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman RA, Patel S, Bilaniuk LT (1976) Demonstration of purulent bacterial intracranial infections by computed tomography. Am J Roentgenol 127:155–165

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman RD, Rüssel EJ, Leeds NE, Kaufman D (1980) CT in the early diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis. Am J Roentgenol 134:61–66

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman RD, Leeds NE, Danziger A (1984) Subdural empyema: CT findings. Radiology 150:417–422

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

F.2. Granulomatous Lesions

  • Bhalla D, Kumar S, Pal DN et al. (1980) Aspergilloma of the frontal lobe. Acta Neurochir 55:135–139

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhargava S, Tandon PN (1980) Intracranial tuberculomas: a CT study. Br J Radiol 53:935–945

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks BS, Gammal TE, Hungerford GD, Acker J, Trevor RP, Russel W (1982) Radiologic evaluation of neurosarcoidosis: role of computed tomography. AJNR 3:513–521

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brückner O, Kluge W (1981) Intracranial tuberculous abscess mimicking pyogenic brain abscess. Neurochirurgia (Stuttg) 24:147–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Cornell SH, Jacoby CG (1982) The varied computed tomographic appearance of intracranial cryptococcosis. Radiology 143:703–707

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Decker RE, Mardayat M, Marc J, Rasool A (1979) Neurosarcoidosis with computerized tomographic visualization and transsphenoidal excision of a supra- and intrasellar granuloma. Case report. J Neurosurg 50:814–816

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Delaney P (1977) Neurologic manifestations in sarcoidosis: review of the literature with a report of 23 cases. Ann Intern Med 87:336–345

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eltomey AA, Olin MS, Roberts MP (1984) Cerebellopontine angle gumma. Neurosurgery 15:252–253

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ganti SR, Cohen M, Sane P, Hilal SK (1981) Computed tomography of cerebral syphilis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 5:345–347

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Godt P, Stoeppler L, Wischer U, Schroeder HH (1979) The value of computed tomography in cerebral syphilis. Neuroradiology 18:197–200

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grossman RI, Davis KR, Taveras JM et al. (1981) Computed tomography of intracranial aspergillosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 5:646–650

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guest SS, Sivit CJ, Meisler WJ, Stevens AC, Simon GL (1987) Intracranial tuberculosis due to mycobacterium bovis. Comput Radiol 11:151–154

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirsh LF, Lee SH, Silberstein StD (1978) Intracranial tuberculomas and the CAT scan. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 45:155–161

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan JG, Sterman AB, Horoupian D, Leeds NE, Zimmerman RD, Grade R (1981) Luetic meningitis with gumma: Clinical radiographic and neuropathologic features. Neurology 31:464–467

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kendall BE, Tatler GLV (1978) Radiological findings in neurosarcoidosis. Br J Radiol 51:81–92

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ketonen L, Oksanen V, Kuuliala I, Somer H (1986) Hypodense white matter lesions in computed tomography of neurosarcoidosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 10:181–183

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ketonen L, Oksanen V, Kuuliala I (1987) Preliminary experience of magnetic resonance imaging in neurosarcoidosis. Neuroradiology 29:127–129

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leibrock L, Epstein MH, Rybock JD (1976) Cerebral tuberculoma localized by EMI Scan. Surg Neurol 5:305–306

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peatfield RC, Shawelon HH (1979) Five cases of intracranial tuberculoma followed by serial computerised tomography. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 42:373–379

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Post MJD, Quencer RM, Tabei SZ (1982) CT demonstration of sarcoidosis of the optic nerve, frontal lobes, and falx cerebri: Case report and literature review. AJNR 3:523–526

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Price HI, Danziger A (1978) Computed tomography in cranial tuberculosis. Am J Roentgenol 130:769–771

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rush JL, Kusske JA, Porter RW, Pribram HW (1979) Xanthogranulomas of the third ventricle. Neurosurgery 4:329–333

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Szper J, Oi S, Leestma J, Kim KS, Wetzel NE (1979) Xanthogranuloma of the third ventricle. J Neurosurg 51:565–568

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terao H, Kobayashi S, Teraoka A, Okeda R (1978) Xanthogranulomas of the choroid plexus in a neuroepileptic child. J Neurosurg 48:649–653

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welchman JM (1979) Computerised tomography of intracranial tuberculomata. Clin Radiol 30:567–573

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whelan MA, Stern J (1979) Intracranial tuberculoma. Radiology 138:75–81

    Google Scholar 

F.3. Parasitic Diseases

  • Abassioun K, Rahmat H, Ameli NO, Tafazuli M (1978) Computerized tomography in hydatid cyst of the brain. J Neurosurg 49:408–411

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentson JR, Wilson GH, Helmer E, Winter J (1977) Computed tomography in intracranial cysticercosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1:464–471

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Byrd SE, Locke GE, Biggers S, Percy AK (1982) The computed tomographic appearance of cerebral cysticercosis in adults and children. Radiology 144:819–823

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camas E, Esterez J, Soto M, Obrador S (1978) Computerized axial tomography for the diagnosis of cerebral cysticercosis. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 44:197–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamza R, Touibi S, Jamoussi M, Bardi-Bellagha I, Chtioui R (1982) Intracranial and orbital hydatid cysts. Neuroradiology 22:211–214

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Handler LC, Mervis B (1983) Cerebral cysticercosis with reference to the natural history of parenchymal lesions. AJNR 4:709–712

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jankowski R, Zimmerman RD, Leeds NE (1979) Cysticercosis presenting as a mass lesion at foramen of Monro. J Comput Assist Tomogr 3:694–696

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Latovitzki N, Abrams G, Clark C, Mayeux R, Ascherl G Jr, Sciara D (1978) Cerebral cysticercosis. Neurology 28:838–842

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mazer S, Antoniuk A, Ditzel LFS, Araujo JC (1983) The computed tomographic spectrum of cerebral cysticercosis. Comput Radiol 7:373–378

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCorkell SJ, Lewall DB (1985) Computed tomography of intracerebral echinococcal cysts in children. J Comput Assist Tomogr 9:514–518

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mervis B, Lotz JW (1980) Computed tomography (CT) in parenchymatous cysticercosis. Clin Radiol 31:521–528

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramos OM, Stiebel-Chin G, Altman N, Duchowny M (1986) Diagnosis of neurocysticercosis by magnetic resonance imaging. Pediatr Infect Dis 5:470–473

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriquez-Carbajal J, Salgado P, Gutierrez-Alvarado R, Escobar-Izquierdo A, Aruffo C, Palacios E (1983) The acute encephalitic phase of neurocysticercosis: Computed tomographic manifestations. AJNR 4:51–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Suss AR, Maravilla KR, Thompson J (1986) MR imaging of intracranial cysticercosis: Comparison with CT and anatomicpathologic features. AJNR 7:235–242

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Torrealba G, del Villar S, Tagle P, Amagada P, Kase CS (1984) Cysticercosis of the central nervous system: clinical and therapeutic considerations. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 47:784–790

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaquero J, Jimenez C, Martinez R (1982) Growth of hydatic cysts evaluated by CT scanning after presumed cerebral hydatic embolism. J Neurosurg 57:837–838

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zee C, Segall HD, Miller C, Tsai FY, Teal JS, Hieshima G, Ahmadi J, Halls J (1980) Unusual neuroradiological features of intracranial cysticercosis. Radiology 137:397–407

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zee CS, Segall HD, Apuzzo MLJ, Ahmadi J, Dobkin WR (1984) Intraventricular cysticercal cysts: further neuroradiology observations and neurosurgical implications. AJNR 5:727–730

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

F.4. Brain Diseases Associated with AIDS

  • Alonso R, Heiman-Patterson T, Mancall EL (1984) Cerebral toxoplasmosis in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Arch Neurol 41:321–323

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anders K, Steinsapir KD, Iverson DJ et al. (1986) Neuropathology findings in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Clin Neuropathol 5:1–20

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson KP, Atlas E, Ahern MJ et al. (1983) Central nervous system toxoplasmosis in homosexual men. Am J Med 75:877

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bagley PH, Scott DA, Smith LS et al. (1986) Cytomegalovirus infection, ascending myelitis, and pulmonary embolus (Letter). Ann Intern Med 104:587

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barre-Sinoussi F, Chermann JC, Rey F et al. (1983) Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Science 220:868

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berger JR, Moskowitz L, Fischl M et al. (1984) The neurologic complications of AIDS: frequently the initial manifestation. Neurology 34:134–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Bredesen DE, Messing R (1983) Neurological syndromed hearlding the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Program and Abstracts, American Neurological Association 14:141

    Google Scholar 

  • Britton CB, Miller JR (1984) Neurologic complications in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Neurol Clin 2:315–339

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Britton CB, Mesa-Tejada R, Fenoglio CM et al. (1985) A new complication of AIDS: thoracic myelitis caused by herpes simplex virus. Neurology 35:1071–1074

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital (1986) Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 9–1986. A 40-month-old girl with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and spinal-cord compression. N Engl J Med 61:100–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Cellerier P, Chiras J, Gray F et al. (1984) Computed tomography in primary lymphoma of the brain. Neuroradiology 26:485–492

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dix RD, Bredesen DE, Erlich KS et al. (1985) Recovery of herpes viruses from cerebrospinal fluid of immunodeficient homosexual men. Ann Neurol 18:611–614

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dix RD, Waitzman DM, Fouansbee S et al. (1985) Herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis in two homosexual men with persistent lymphadenopathy. Ann Neurol 17:203–206

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards RH, Messing R, McKendall RR (1985) Cytomegalovirus meningoencephalitis in a homosexual man with Kaposi’s sarcoma: isolation of CMV from CSF cells. Neurology 35:560–562

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enzmann DR, Krikorian J, Norman D et al. (1979) Computed tomography in primary reticulum cell sarcoma of the brain. Radiology 130(1):165–170

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fauci AS (1985) The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: an update. Ann Intern Med 102:800–813

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fischl MA, Pitchenik AE, Spira TJ (1985) Tuberculous brain abscess and Toxoplasma encephalitis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. JAMA 253:3428–3430

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gallo RC, Sarin PS, Gelmann EP et al. (1985) Isolation of human T cell leukemia virus in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Science 220:865–867

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill PS, Levine AM, Meyer PR et al. (1985) Primary central nervous system lymphoma in homosexual men: clinical, immunologic and pathologic features. Am J Med 78:742–748

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstick L, Mandybur TI, Bode R, (1985) Spinal cord degeneration in AIDS. Neurology 35:103–106

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gorin FA, Bale JF, Halks-Miller M et al. (1985) Kaposi’s sarcoma metastatic to the CNS. Arch Neurol 42:162–165

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greene JB, Sidhu GS, Lewin S et al. (1982) Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare: A case of disseminated life-threatening infection in homosexuals and drug abusers. Ann Intern Med 97:539–546

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Helle TL, Britt RH, Colby TV (1984) Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system. Clinicopathological study of experience at Stanford. J Neurosurg 60:94–103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ho DD, Rota TR, Schooley RT et al. (1985) Isolation of HTLV-III from cerebrospinal fluid and neural tissues of patients with neurologic syndromes related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 313:1493–1497

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holtz HA, Lavery DP, Kapila R (1985) Actinomycetales infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 102:203–205

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ioachim HL, Cooper MC, Hellman GC (1985) Lymphomas in men at high risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). A study of 21 cases. Cancer 56:2831–2842

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kazner E, Wilske J, Steinhoff H et al. (1978) Computer assisted tomography in primary malignant lymphoma of the brain. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2:125–134

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly WM, Brant-Zawadzki M (1984) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: neuroradiologic findings. Radiology 149:485–491

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleihues P, Lang W, Burger PC et al. (1985) Progressive diffuse leukoencephalopathy in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 68:333–339

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kovacs JA, Kovacs AA, Polis M et al. (1985) Cryptococcosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 102:533–538

    Google Scholar 

  • Krupp LB, Lipton RB, Swerdlow ML et al. (1985) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: clinical and radiographic features. Ann Neurol 17:344–349

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Letendre L, Banks PM, Reese DF et al. (1982) Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system. Cancer 49:939–943

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine AM, Gill PS, Meyer PR et al. (1985) Retrovirus and malignant lymphoma in homosexual men. JAMA 254:1921–1925

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levitt LJ, Dawson DM, Rosenthal DS et al. (1980) CNS involvement in the non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Cancer 45:545–552

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levy JA, Hoffman AD, Kramer SM et al. (1984) Isolation of lymphocytopathic retroviruses from San Francisco patients with AIDS. Science 225:840

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levy JA, Kaminsky LS, Morrow WJ et al. (1985) Infection by the retrovirus associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Clinical, pathological, and molecular features. Ann Intern Med 103:694–699

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levy RM, Bredesen DE, Rosenblum ML (1985) Neurological manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): experience at UCSF and review of the literature. J Neurosurg 62:475–495

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levy RM, Morgan WM, Rosenblum ML (1986) The neuroepidemiology of AIDS in the United States. International Conference on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Paris, France, June 23–25, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy RM, Pons VG, Rosenblum ML (1984) Central nervous system mass lesions in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). J Neurosurg 61:9–16

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mackintosh FR, Colby TV, Podolsky WJ et al. (1982) Central nervous system involvement in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: an analysis of 105 cases. Cancer 49:586–595

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Micozzi MS, Wetli CV (1985) Intravenous amphetamine abuse, primary cerebral mucormycosis, and acquired immunodeficiency. J Forensic Sci 30:504–510

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montagnier L (1985) Lymphadenopathy-associated virus: from molecular biology to pathogenicity. Ann Intern Med 103:689–693

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moskowitz LB, Gregorios JB, Hensley GT et al. (1984a) Cytomegalovirus. Arch Pathol Lab Med 108:873–877

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moskowitz LB, Hensley GT, Chan JC et al. (1984b) Brain biopsies in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Arch Pathol Lab Med 108:368–371

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moskowitz LB, Hensley GT, Chan JC et al. (1984c) The neuropathology of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Arch Pathol Lab Med 108:867–872

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen SL, Petito CK, Urmacher CD et al. (1984) Subacute encephalitis in acquired immune deficiency syndrome: a postmortem study. Am J Clin Pathol 82:678–682

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pagani JJ, Libshitz HI, Wallace S et al. (1981) Central nervous system leukemia and lymphoma: computed tomographic manifestations. AJR 137:1195–1201

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palacios E, Gorelick PB, Gonzalez CF et al. (1982) Malignant lymphoma of the nervous system. J Comput Assist Tomogr 6:689–701

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petito CK, Navia BA, Cho E et al. (1985) Vacuolar myelopathy pathologically resembling subacute combined degeneration in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 312:874–879

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pitchenik AE, Fischl MA, Walls KW (1983) Evaluation of cerebral-mass lesions in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Letter). N Engl J Med 308:1099

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pitlik SD, Fainstein V, Bolivar R et al. (1983) Spectrum of cerebral mass lesions in AIDS (Letter). N Engl J Med 308:771–772

    Google Scholar 

  • Post MJD, Chan JC, Hensley GT et al. (1983) Toxoplasma encephalitis in Haitian adults with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a clinical-pathologic-CT correlation. AJNR 140:861–868

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Post MJD, Kursunoglu S J, Hensley GT et al. (1985) Cranial CT in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: spectrum of diseases and optimal contrast enhancement technique. AJR 145:929–940

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Post MJD, Hensley GT, Moskowitz LB et al. (1986) Cytomegalic inclusion virus encephalitis in patients with AIDS: CT, clinical and pathologic correlation. AJNR 7:275–280

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg SA, Berard CW, Brown BW Jr et al. (1982) National Cancer Institute sponsored study of classifications of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, summary and description of a working formulated for clinical usage. Cancer 49:2112–2135

    Google Scholar 

  • Price RW, Navia BA, Cho E (1986) AIDS encephalopathy. Neurol Clin 4:285–301

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw GM, Harper ME, Hahn BH et al. (1985) HTLV III infection in brains of children and adults with AIDS encephalopathy. Science 227:177–182

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snider WD, Simpson DM, Nielsen S et al. (1983) Neurological complications of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: analysis of 50 patients. Ann Neurol 14:403–418

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • So YT, Beckstead JH, Davis RL (1986) Primary central nervous system lymphoma in acquired immune deficiency syndrome: a clinical and pathologic study. Ann Neurol 20(5):566–572

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spillane JA, Kendall BE, Moseley IF (1982) Cerebral lymphoma: clinical radiological correlation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 45:199–208

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tadmor R, David KR, Roberson GH et al. (1978) Computed tomography in primary malignant lymphoma of the brain. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2:135–140

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whelan MA, Kricheff II, Handler M et al. (1983) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: cerebral computed tomographic manifestations. Radiology 149:477–484

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiley CA, Schrier RD, Denaro F J et al. (1986) Localization of cytomegalovirus proteins and genome during fulminant central nervous system infection in an AIDS patient. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 45:127–139

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong B, Gold JWM, Brown AE et al. (1984) Central-nervous-system toxoplasmosis in homosexual man and parenteral drug abusers. Ann Intern Med 100:36–42

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ziegler JL, Beckstead JA, Volberding PA et al. (1984) Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in 90 homosexual men. Relation to generalized lymphadenopathy and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 311:565–570

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zuger A, Louie E, Holzman RS et al. (1986) Cryptococcal disease in patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Diagnostic features and outcome of treatment. Ann Intern Med 104:234–240

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

F.5. Cysts

  • Agnoli AL, Ellams ET (1984) Die Arachnoidalcysten. Eine klinische, neuroradiologische, computertomographische Untersuchung. Fortschr Geb Roentgenstr Nuklearmed Ergänzungsband 141:491–498

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson FM, Segall HP, Catón WL (1979) Use of computerized tomography scanning in supratentorial arachnoid cysts. J Neurosurg 50:333–338

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Archer CR, Darwish H, Smith K Jr (1978) Enlarged cisternae magnae and posterior fossa cysts simulating Dandy-Walker syndrome on computed tomography. Radiology 127:681–686

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Averback P (1977) Developmental arachnoid cysts of the posterior fossa — an analysis of 13 cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 39:181–186

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Di Rocco C, Di Trapani G, Janelli A (1979) Arachnoid cyst of the fourth ventricle and “arrested” hydrocephalus. Surg Neurol 12:467–471

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Drayer BP, Rosenbaum AE, Maroon JC, Bank WO, Woodford JE (1977) Posterior fossa extraaxial cyst: Diagnosis with Metrizamide CT cisternography. Am J Roentgenol 128:431–436

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubois PJ, Heinz ER, Wessel HB, Zaias BW (1979) Multiple cystic encephalomalacia of infancy: computed tomographic findings in two cases with associated intracerebral calcification. J Comput Assist Tomogr 3:97–102

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galassi E, Piazzi G, Gaist G, Frank F (1980) Arachnoid cysts of the middle cranial fossa: a clinical and radiological study of 25 cases treated surgically. Surg Neurol 14:211–219

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geissinger JD, Kohler WC, Robinson BW, Davis FM (1978) Arachnoid cysts of the middle cranial fossa: surgical considerations. Surg Neurol 10:27–33

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gregorius FK, Batzdorf U (1976) Diagnosis of intrathalamic cyst by computerized tomographic scan. Surg Neurol 6:191–193

    Google Scholar 

  • Handa J, Nakano Y, Aii H (1977) CT cisternography with intracranial arachnoidal cysts. Surg Neurol 8:451–454

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi T, Anegawa S, Honda E, Kuramoto S, Mori K, Murata T, Miwa S, Handa W (1979) Clinical analysis of arachnoid cysts in the middle fossa. Neurochirurgia (Stuttg) 22:201–210

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi T, Kuratomi A, Kuramoto S (1980) Arachnoid cyst of the quadrigeminal cistern. Surg Neurol 14:267–273

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kasdon DL, Douglas EA, Brougham MF (1977) Suprasellar arachnoid cyst diagnosed preoperatively by computerized tomographic scanning. Surg Neurol 7:299–303

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kjos BO, Brant-Zawadzki M, Kucharczyk W, Kelly WM, Norman D, Newton TH (1985) Cystic intracranial lesions: magnetic resonance imaging. Radiology 155:363–369

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacGregor BJL, Gawler J, South JR (1976) Intracranial epithelial cysts. J Neurosurg 44:109–115

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maravilla KR, Kirks DR, Maravilla AM (1978) CT diagnosis of intracranial cystic abnormalities in children. Comput Tomogr 2:221–235

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Markakis E, Heyer R, Stoeppler L, Werry H (1979) Die Aplasie der perisylviischen Region. Neurochirurgia (Stuttg) 22:211–220

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Markwalder T-M, Zimmermann A (1979) Intracerebral ciliated epithelial cyst. Surg Neurol 11:195–198

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayr U, Aichner F, Bauer G et al. (1982) Supratentorial extracerebral cysts of the middle cranial fossa. A report of 23 consecutive cases of the socalled temporal lobe agenesis syndrome. Neurochirurgia (Stuttg) 25:51–56

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mercuri S, Curatolo P, Giuffre R, di Lorenzo N (1979) Agenesis of the vermis cerebelli and malformations of the posterior fossa in childhood and adolescence. Neurochirurgia (Stuttg) 22:180–188

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murali R, Epstein F (1979) Diagnosis and treatment of suprasellar arachnoid cyst. J Neurosurg 50:515–518

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palma L, di Lorenzo N, Nicole S (1979) Developmental CSF cysts of the posterior fossa. Neurosurg Rev 2:159–169

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao KCVG, Gunadi IK, Diaconis JN (1982) Interhemispheric intradural cyst. J Comput Assist Tomogr 6:1167–1171

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rengachary SS, Watanabe I, Brackett CE (1978) Pathogenesis of intracranial arachnoid cyst. Surg Neurol 9:139–144

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scolt LC, Deck JHN, Bairn RC, Terbrugge K (1980) Inter-hemispheric cyst of neuroepithelial origin in association with partial agenesis of the corpus callosum. J Neurosurg 52:399–405

    Google Scholar 

  • Servo A, Porras M, Jaaskinen J (1983) Diagnosis of ependymal intraventricular cysts of the third ventricle by computed tomography. Neuroradiology 24:155–157

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman JL, Citrin CM (1986) Magnetic resonance demonstration of normal CSF flow. AJNR 7:3–7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waluch V, Bradley WG (1984) NMR even echo rephasing in slow laminar flow. J Comput Assist Tomogr 8:594–598

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yeates A, Enzmann D (1979) An intraventricular arachnoid cyst. J Comput Assist Tomogr 3:697–700

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

F.6. Postoperative Lesions and Radionecrosis

  • Brismar J, Roberson GH, Davis KR (1976) Radiation necrosis of the brain. Neuroradiological considerations with computed tomography. Neuroradiology 12:109–113

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curnes JT, Laster DW, Ball MR, Moody DM, Witcofski RL (1986) Magnetic resonance imaging of radiation injury to the brain. AJNR 7:389–394

    Google Scholar 

  • Dooms GC, Hecht S, Brant-Zawadzki M, Berthiaume Y, Norman D, Newton TH (1986) Brain radiation lesions: MR imaging. Radiology 158:149–155

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glass JP, Hwang T-L, Leavens ME, Libshitz HJ (1984) Cerebral radiation necrosis following treatment of extracranial malignancies. Cancer 54:1966–1972

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kingsley DPE, Kendall BE (1981) CT of the adverse effects of therapeutic radiation of the central nervous system. AJNR 2:453–460

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martins AN, Johnston JS, Henry JM, Stoffel TJ, di Chiro D (1977) Delayed radiation necrosis of the brain. J Neurosurg 47:336–345

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mikhael MA (1979) Radiation necrosis of the brain: Correlation between pattern on computed tomography and dose of radiation. J Comput Assist Tomogr 3:241–249

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Neil RR, Wakisaka S, Malamut BL (1977) Computer assisted tomography of focal cerebral radiation necrosis in the monkey. Neuropath Exp Neurol 36:950–955

    Google Scholar 

  • Pay NT, Carella RJ, Lin JP, Kricheff II (1976) The usefulness of computed tomography during and after radiation therapy in patients with brain tumors. Radiology 121:79–83

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt HP (1979) Akute und intervalläre Strahlenschäden des Zentralnervensystems. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Zülch KJ (1960) Über die Strahlensensibilität der Hirngeschwülste und die sogenannte Strahlenspätnekrose des Hirns. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 85:293–298

    Google Scholar 

  • Zülch KJ (1963) Morphologische Veränderungen an Geschwülsten nach Bestrahlung und Schädigungsmöglichkeit am normalen Hirn. Strahlenforschung und Strahlenbehandlung IV Sonderbände Strahlentherapie 52:47–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Zülch KJ (1969) Roentgen sensitivity of cerebral tumors and so-called late irradiation necrosis of the brain. Acta Radiol (Stockh) Ther 18:92–110

    Google Scholar 

F.7. Acute Demyelinating Diseases

  • Atlas SW, Grossman RI, Goldberg HI, Hackney DB, Bilaniuk LT, Zimmerman RA (1986) MR diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 10:798–801

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bories J, Carpena JP, Chiras J, Tamraz T, Iba-Zizen MT (1984) Imagerie par résonance magnétique: Premiere résultats dans la Sclérose en plaques. J Neuroradiol 11:307–314

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bouchareine MF, Aubin ML, Vignaud J (1980) La tomo-densitométrie dans la sclerose en plaques. Rev Neurol 136:481–490

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buonanno FS, Kistler JP, Lehrich JR, Noseworthy JH, New PFJ, Brady TJ (1983) 1H nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis. Neurol Clin 1:757–764

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cala LA, Mastaglia FL, Black JL (1978) Computerized tomography of brain and optic nerve in multiple sclerosis. Observations in 100 patients, including serial studies in 16. J Neurol Sci 36:411, 426

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Di Chiro G, Arimitsu T, Brooks RA, Morgenthaler DG, Johnston GS, Jones E, Keller MR (1979) Computed tomography profiles of periventricular hypodensity in hydrocephalus and leukoencephalopathy. Radiology 130:661–666

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ebers GC, Vinuela FV, Feasby T, Bass B (1984) Multifocal CT enhancement in MS. Neurology 34:341–346

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards MK, Farlow MR, Stevens JC (1986) Multiple sclerosis: MRI and clinical correlation. AJNR 7:595–598

    Google Scholar 

  • Eiben RM, Di Chiro G (1977) Computer assisted tomography in adrenoleukodystrophy. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1:308–314

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furuse M, Obayashi T, Tsuji S, Miyatake T (1978) Adrenoleukodystrophy. A correlative analysis of computed tomography and radionuclide studies. Radiology 126:707–710

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerard G, Weisberg LA (1986) MRI periventricular lesions in adults. Neurology 36:998–1001

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grossman RI, Gonzalez-Scarano F, Atlas SW, Galette S, Silberberg DH (1986) Multiple sclerosis: Gadolinium enhancement in MR imaging. Radiology 161:721–725

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gyldensted C (1976) Computer tomography of the cerebrum in multiple sclerosis. Neuroradiology 12:33–42

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall K, Gardner-Medwin D (1978) CT scan appearances in Leigh’s disease (subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy). Neuroradiology 16:48–50

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harding AE, Radue EW, Whiteley AM (1978) Contrastenhanced lesions on computerised tomography in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 41:754–758

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haughton VM, Ho KCh, Williams AL, Eldevik OP (1979) CT detection of demyelinated plaques in multiple sclerosis. Am J Roentgenol 132:213–215

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heinz ER, Drayer BP, Haenggeli CA, Painter MJ, Crumrine P (1979) Computed tomography in white-matter disease. Radiology 130:371–378

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huckman MS, Fox JH, Ramsey RG (1977) Computed tomography in the diagnosis of degenerative diseases of the brain. Semin Roentgenol 12:63–75

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson JA, Leake DR, Schneider NJ, Rolak LA, Kelley GR, Ford JJ, Appel SH, Bryan RN (1985) Magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis. AJNR 6:171–176

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirshner HS, Tsai SI, Runge VM, Price AC (1985) Magnetic resonance imaging and other techniques in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 42:859–863

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lane B, Carroll BA, Pedley TA (1978) Computerized cranial tomography in cerebral diseases of white matter. Neurology 28:534–544

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loizok L, Rolfe EB, Hewazy H (1982) Cranial computed tomography in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 45:905–912

    Google Scholar 

  • Radue EW, Kendall BE (1978) Iodine and xenon enhancement of computed tomography (CT) in multiple sclerosis (MS). Neuroradiology 15:153–158

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon JJ, Siddharthan R, Tobias J, Sheremata WA, Soila K, Viamonte M (1985) MR imaging of multiple sclerosis: Comparison with clinical and CT examinations in 74 patients. AJNR 6:683–690

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinhaus H (1980) Die kraniale Computertomographie bei multipler Sklerose. Wien Med Wochenschr 130:382–384

    Google Scholar 

  • Taboada D, Alonso A, Olagüe R, Mulas F, Andrés V (1980) Radiological diagnosis of periventricular and subcortical leukomalacia. Neuroradiology 20:33–41

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tritschler JL, Delouvrier JJ, Masson M, Nahum H, Cambier J (1979) Apport de la tomodensitométrie cerebrale au diagnostic de la sclerose en plaques. Rev Neurol 135:455–466

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang A-M, Morris JH, Hickey WF, Hammerschlag SB, O’Reilly GV, Rumbaugh CL (1983) Unusual CT pattern of multiple sclerosis. AJNR 4:47–50

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein MA, Lederman RJ, Rothner AD, Duchesneau PM, Norman D (1978) Interval computed tomography in multiple sclerosis. Radiology 129:689–694

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wüthrich R, Gigli H, Wiggli U, Müller HR, Elke M, Hünig R (1976) CT scanning in demyelinating diseases. In: Lanksch W, Kazner E (eds) Cranial computerized tomography. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 239–243

    Google Scholar 

  • Young IR, Hall AS, Pallis CA, Bydder GM, Legg NJ, Steiner RE (1981) Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2:1063–1066

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

F.8 and 9. Intracranial Hemorrhages, Vascular Malformations

  • Aarabi B, Chambers J (1978) Giant thrombosed aneurysm associated with an arteriovenous malformation. J Neurosurg 49:278–282

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amendola MA, Ostrum BJ (1977) Diagnosis of isodense subdural hematomas by computed tomography. Am J Roentgenol 129:693–697

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Babu VS, Eisen H (1979) Giant aneurysm of anterior communicating artery simulating 3rd ventricular tumor. Comput Tomogr 3:159–163

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bannister CM, Weiler J (1980) Pre- and post-operative CT scans of an infant with an aneurysm of the vein of Galen — a case report. Neurochirurgia (Stuttg) 23:17–20

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bradley WG, Schmidt PG (1985) Effect of Methemoglobin on the MR appearance of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Radiology 156:99–103

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Britt RH, Silverberg GD, Enzmann DR, Hanbery JW (1980) Third ventricular choroid plexus arteriovenous malformation simulating a colloid cyst. J Neurosurg 52:246–250

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Byrd SH, Bentson JR, Winter J, Wilson GH, Joyce PW, O’Connor L (1978) Giant intracranial aneurysms simulating brain neoplasms on computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2:303–307

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coin CG, Coin JW, Glover MB (1977) Vascular tumors of the choroid plexus: diagnosis by computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1:146–148

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cone JD, Maravilla KR, Cooper PR, Diehl JT, Clark WK (1979) Computed tomography findings in ruptured arteriovenous malformations of thetorpus callosum. J Comput Assist Tomogr 3:478–482

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cosnard G, Jeanbourquin D, Perfettini C, Blanc AM, Iba-Zizen MT, Cabanis EA (1987) Hématoms et IRM à 0,15 T. J Radiol 68:319–331

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daniels DL, Haughton VM, Williams AL, Strother ChM (1979) Arteriovenous malformation simulating a cyst on computed tomography. Radiology 133:393–394

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deeb JL, Jannetta PJ, Rosenbaum AE, Kerber CW, Drayer BP (1979) Tortuous vertebrobasilar arteries causing cranial nerve syndromes: screening by computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 3:774–778

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De la Paz RL, New PFJ, Buonanno FS, Kistler JP, Oot RF, Rosen BR, Taveras JM, Brady TJ (1984) NMR imaging of intracranial hemorrhage. J Comput Assist Tomogr 8:599–607

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhopesh VP, Greenberg JO, Cohen MM (1980) Computed tomography in brainstem hemorrhage. J Comput Assist Tomogr 4:603–607

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Di Chiro G, Brooks RA, Girton ME, Caporale T, Wright DC, Dwyer AJ, Hörne MK (1986) Sequential MR studies of intracerebral hematomas in monkeys. AJNR 7:193–199

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Di Tullio MV, Stern WE (1979) Hemangioma calcificans. J Neurosurg 50:110–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Edelman RR, Johnson K, Buxton R, Shoukimas G, Rosen BR, Davis KR, Brady TJ (1986) MR of hemorrhage: A new approach. AJNR 7:751–756

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enzmann DR, Hayward RW, Norman D, Dunn RP (1977) Cranial computed tomographic scan appearance of Sturge-Weber disease: unusual presentation. Radiology 122:721–724

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enzmann DR, Britt RH, Lyons BE, Buxton JL, Wilson DA (1981) Natural history of experimental intracerebral hemorrhage: sonography, computed tomography, and neuropathology. AJNR 2:517–526

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fierstien SB, Pribram HW, Hieshima G (1979) Angiography and computed tomography in the evaluation of cerebral venous malformations. Neuroradiology 17:137–148

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Golden JB, Kramer RA (1978) The angiographically occult cerebrovascular malformation. J Neurosurg 48:292–296

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gomori JM, Grossman RI, Bilaniuk LT, Zimmerman RA, Goldberg HI (1985) High-field MR imaging of superficial siderosis of the central nervous system. J Comput Assist Tomogr 9:972–973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gomori JM, Grossman RI, Goldberg HI, Hackney DB, Zimmerman RA, Bilaniuk LT (1986) Occult cerebral vascular malformations: high-field MR imaging. Radiology 158:707–713

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gomori JM, Grossman RI, Goldberg HI, Zimmerman RA, Bilaniuk LT (1985) Intracranial hematomas: Imaging by high-field MR. Radiology 157:87–93

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenhouse AH, Barr JW (1979) The bilateral isodense subdural hematoma on computerized tomographic scan. Arch Neurol 36:305–307

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grumme Th, Lanksch W, Aulich A (1976) The diagnosis of chronic subdural hematoma by computerized axial tomography. In: Lanksch W, Kazner E (eds) Cranial computerized tomography. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 337–341

    Google Scholar 

  • Grumme Th, Lanksch W, Kazner E, Aulich A, Meese W, Lange S, Steinhoff H, Wende S (1976) Zur Diagnose des chronischen subduralen Hämatoms im Computertomogramm. Neurochirurgia (Stuttg) 19:95–103

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grumme Th, Lanksch W, Wende S (1976) Diagnosis of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage by computerized tomography. In: Lanksch W, Kazner E (eds) Cranial computerized tomography. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 284–290

    Google Scholar 

  • Grumme Th, Lanksch W, Kretzschmar K (1979) Intrakranielle Blutungen im Computertomogramm. Dtsch Ärztebl 24:1627–1634

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammer B (1979) Computertomographische Diagnose der Megadolichobasilaris. Fortschr Röntgenstr 131:255–261

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Handa J, Nakano Y, Okuno T, Komuro H, Handa H (1977) Computerized tomography in Moyamoya syndrome. Surg Neurol 7:315–319

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Handa J, Nakano Y, Aii H, Handa H (1978) Computed tomography with giant intracranial aneurysms. Surg Neurol 9:257–263

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harwood-Nash DC, Breckbill DL (1976) Computed tomography in children: a new diagnostic technique. J Pediatr 89:343–357

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayward RD (1976) Intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Observations after experience with computerised tomography. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 39:1027–1033

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Humphreys RP (1978) Computerized tomographic definition of mesencephalic hematoma with evacuation through pedunculotomy. J Neurosurg 49:749–752

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kazner E, Lanksch W (1979) CAT findings in cerebral aneurysms and subarachnoid haemorrhage. In: Pia HW, Langmaid C, Zierski J (eds) Cerebral aneurysms. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 184–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Kazner E, Lanksch W, Grumme Th, Kretzschmar K (1980) Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of spontaneous ICH with CT scan. In: Pia HW, Langmaid C, Zierski J (eds) Spontaneous intracerebral haematomas. Advances in diagnosis and therapy. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 178–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Kendall BE, Claveria LE (1976) The use of computed axial tomography (CAT) for the diagnosis and management of intracranial angiomas. Neuroradiology 12:141–160

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kendall BE, Claveria LE (1977) The use of computerised axial tomography (CAT) for the diagnosis and management of intracranial angiomas. In: du Boulay GH, Moseley IF (eds) Computerised axial tomography in clinical practice. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 261–271

    Google Scholar 

  • Lanksch W, Grumme Th, Kazner E (1978) Schädelhirnverletzungen im Computertomogramm. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Leblanc R, Ethier R, Little JR (1979) Computerized tomography findings in arteriovenous malformations of the brain. J Neurosurg 51:765–772

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee YY, Moser R, Bruner JM, van Tassel P (1986) Organized intracerebral hematoma with acute hemorrhage: CT pattern and pathologic correlations. AJNR 7:403–416

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemme-Plaghos L, Kucharczyk W, Brant-Zawadzki M, Uske A, Edwards M, Norman D, Newton TH (1986) MRI of angiographically occult vascular malformations. Am J Roentgenol 146:1223–1228

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Macpherson P, Teasdale GM, Lindsay KW (1979) Computed tomography in diagnosis and management of aneurysm of the vein of Galen. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 42:786–789

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maehara T, Tasaka A (1978) Cerebral venous angioma: computerized tomography and angiographic diagnosis. Neuroradiology 16:296–298

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maki Y, Semba A (1979) Computed tomography of Sturge-Weber-disease. Childs Brain 5:51–61

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marcu H, Becker H (1977) Computed tomography of bilateral isodense chronic subdural hematomas. Neuroradiology 14:81–83

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall WH, Easter W, Zatz LM (1977) Analysis of the dense lesion at computed tomography with dual kVp scans. Radiology 124:87–89

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martelli A, Scotti G, Harwood-Nash DC, Fitz CR, Chuang SH (1980) Aneurysms of the vein of Galen in children: CT and angiographic correlations. Neuroradiology 20:123–133

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mauersberger W (1978) Vascular deformity of the basilar artery which gave the clinical and computerized impression of a tumor. Adv Neurosurg 5:176–178

    Google Scholar 

  • McDavid WD, Waggener RG, Sank VJ, Dennis MJ, Payne WH (1977) Correlating computed tomographic numbers with physical properties and operating kilovoltage. Radiology 123:761–762

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meese W, Aulich A, Kazner E, Wüllenweber R (1976) CT findings in angiomas and aneurysms. In: Lanksch W, Kazner E (eds) Cranial computerized tomography. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 291–297

    Google Scholar 

  • Messina AV (1976) Computed tomography: contrast media within subdural hematomas. A preliminary report. Radiology 119:725–726

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michels LG, Bentson JR, Winter J (1977) Computed tomography of cerebral venous angiomas. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1:149–154

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moon KL, Brant-Zawadzki M, Pitts LH, Mills CM (1984) Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of CT-isodense subdural hematomas. AJNR 5:319–322

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moseley IF, Holland IM (1979) Ectasia of the basilar artery: the breadth of the clinical spectrum and the diagnostic value of computed tomography. Neuroradiology 18:83–91

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Müke R, Kühne D (1978) Diagnostic errors in computerized tomography in the differential diagnosis of cerebrovascular lesions. Adv Neurosurg 6:115–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller HR, Wiggli U (1977) Cerebral, cerebellar and pontine haemorrhages. In: du Boulay GH, Moseley IF (eds) Computerised axial tomography in clinical practice. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 249–254

    Google Scholar 

  • Nadjmi M, Ratzka M, Wodarz M (1978) Giant aneurysms in CT and angiography. Neuroradiology 16:284–286

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norman D (1977) Computed tomography in intracranial hemorrhage. In: Norman D, Korobkin M, Newton ThH (eds) Computed tomography 1977. Mosby, St Louis

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsen WL, Brant-Zawadzki M, Hodes J, Norman D, Newton TH (1987) Giant intracranial aneurysms: MR imaging. Radiology 163:431–435

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patel DV, Hier DB, Thomas CM, Hemmat M (1984) Intracerebral hemorrhage secondary to cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Radiology 151:397–400

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson NT, Duchesneau PM, Westbrook EL, Weinstein MA (1977) Basilar artery ectasia demonstrated by computed tomography. Radiology 122:713–715

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petit-Perrin D, Aubin ML, Vignaud J (1979) Apport de la scanographie au diagnostic des anéurysmes géants intra-crâniens. J Neuroradiol 6:317–326

    Google Scholar 

  • Phelps ME, Kuhl DE (1976) Pitfalls in the measurements of cerebral blood volume with computed tomography. Radiology 121:375–377

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pia HW (1980) Large and giant aneurysms. Neurosurg Rev 3:7–16

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pia HW, Langmaid C, Zierski J (1980) Spontaneous intracerebral haematomas. Advances in diagnosis and therapy. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinto RS, Kricheff II, Butler AR, Murali R (1979) Correlation of computed tomographic, angiographic and neuro-pathological changes in giant cerebral aneurysms. Radiology 132:85–92

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pressman BD, Gilbert GE, Davis DO (1975) Computerized transverse tomography of vascular lesions of the brain. Part II: Aneurysms. Am J Roentgenol 124:215–219

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pressman BD, Kirkwood JR, Davis DO (1975) Computerized transverse tomography of vascular lesions of the brain. Part I: Arteriovenous malformations. Am J Roentgenol 124:208–214

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Probst FP (1980) Vascular morphology and angiographic flow patterns in Sturge-Weber angiomatosis: fact, thoughts and suggestions. Neuroradiology 20:73–78

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rao KC, Knipp HC, Wagner EJ (1981) Computed tomographic findings in cerebral sinus and venous thrombosis. Radiology 140:391–398

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sartor K (1978) Spontaneous closure of cerebral arteriovenous malformation demonstrated by angiography and computed tomography. Neuroradiology 15:95–98

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Savoiardo M, Strada L, Passerini A (1983) Intracranial cavernous hemangiomas: Neuroradiologic review of 36 operated cases. AJNR 4:945–950

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid UD, Steiger HJ, Huber P (1987) Accuracy of high resolution computed tomography in direct diagnosis of cerebral aneurysms. Neuroradiology 29:152–159

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schubiger O, Valavanis A, Hayek J (1980) Computed tomography in cerebral aneurysms with special emphasis on giant intracranial aneurysms. J Comput Assist Tomogr 4:24–32

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulthess GK von, Higgins CB (1985) Blood flow imaging with MR: spin phase phenomena. Radiology 157:687–695

    Google Scholar 

  • Scotti G, Terbrugge K, Melançon D, Bélanger G (1977) Evaluation of the age of subdural hematomas by computerized tomography. J Neurosurg 47:311–315

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sobel DF, Baker E, Anderson B, Kretzschmar H (1985) Cerebral amyloid angiopathy associated with massive intracerebral hemorrhage. Neuroradiology 27:318–321

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soeur M, Brihaye J, Moerman C (1979) Pseudo-tumoral aneurysm in the third ventricle: report of three cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 45:247–258

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spallone A (1979) Computed tomography in aneurysms of the vein of Galen. J Comput Assist Tomogr 3:779–782

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sundt TM Jr, Piepgras DG (1979) Surgical approach to giant intracranial aneurysms. Operative experience with 80 cases. J Neurosurg 51:731–742

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tagle P, Huete I, Mendez J, Del Villar S (1986) Intracranial cavernous angioma: presentation and management. J Neurosurg 64:720–723

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terao H, Ikeda A, Kobayashi S, Teraoka A (1978) A thrombosed giant aneurysm of the internal carotid artery with brain stem displacement. Surg Neurol 10:157–168

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terbrugge K, Scotti G, Ethier R, Melancon D, Tchang S, Milner C (1977) Computed tomography in intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Radiology 122:703–705

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai FY, Huprich JE, Segall HD, Teal JS (1979) The contrast-enhanced CT scan in the diagnosis of isodense subdural hematoma. J Neurosurg 50:64–69

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ventureyra ECG, Ivan LP (1979) Venous malformation of the pineal region. Surg Neurol 11:225–228

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ventureyra ECG, Choo SH, Benoit B (1980) Super giant globoid intracranial aneurysm in an infant. J Neurosurg 53:411–416

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagle WA, Smith TW, Weiner M (1984) Intracerebral hemorrhage caused by cerebral amyloid angiopathy: Radiographic-pathologic correlation. AJNR 5:171–176

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waluch V, Bradley WG (1984) NMR even echo rephasing in slow laminar flow. J Comput Assist Tomogr 8:594–598

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weisberg LA (1980) Peripheral rim enhancement in supra-tentorial intracerebral hematoma. Comput Tomogr 4:145–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Welch K, Naheedy MH, Abrous IF, Strand RD (1980) Computed tomography of Sturge-Weber syndrome in infants. J Comput Assist Tomogr 4:33–36

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wende S, Ludwig B, Simon RS, Kretzschmar K (1980) Hyperdensity factors. In: Caillé M, Salamon G (eds) Computerized tomography. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 146–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Zatz LM (1976) The effect of the kVp level on EMI-values. Radiology 119:683–688

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman RA, Bilaniuk LT (1978) Computed tomography of vertebrobasilar artery aneurysm. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2:39–49

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman RA, Bilaniuk LT (1979) Computed tomography of choroid plexus lesions. J Comput Assist Tomogr 3:93–103

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman RA, Bilaniuk LT, Grossman RI, Levine RS, Lynch R, Goldberg HI, Samuel L, Edelstein W, Bottomley P, Redington RW (1985) Resistive NMR of intracranial hematomas. Neuroradiology 27:16–20

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman RA, Bilaniuk LT, Hackney DB, Goldberg HI, Grossman RI (1986) Head injury: early results of comparing CT and high-field MR. Am J Roentgenol 147:1215–1222

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aarabi B, Chambers J (1978) Giant thrombosed aneurysm associated with an arteriovenous malformation. J Neurosurg 49:278–282

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amendola MA, Ostrum BJ (1977) Diagnosis of isodense subdural hematomas by computed tomography. Am J Roentgenol 129:693–697

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Babu VS, Eisen H (1979) Giant aneurysm of anterior communicating artery simulating 3rd ventricular tumor. Comput Tomogr 3:159–163

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bannister CM, Weiler J (1980) Pre- and post-operative CT scans of an infant with an aneurysm of the vein of Galen — a case report. Neurochirurgia (Stuttg) 23:17–20

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bradley WG, Schmidt PG (1985) Effect of Methemoglobin on the MR appearance of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Radiology 156:99–103

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Britt RH, Silverberg GD, Enzmann DR, Hanbery JW (1980) Third ventricular choroid plexus arteriovenous malformation simulating a colloid cyst. J Neurosurg 52:246–250

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Byrd SH, Bentson JR, Winter J, Wilson GH, Joyce PW, O’Connor L (1978) Giant intracranial aneurysms simulating brain neoplasms on computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2:303–307

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coin CG, Coin JW, Glover MB (1977) Vascular tumors of the choroid plexus: diagnosis by computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1:146–148

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cone JD, Maravilla KR, Cooper PR, Diehl JT, Clark WK (1979) Computed tomography findings in ruptured arteriovenous malformations of thetorpus callosum. J Comput Assist Tomogr 3:478–482

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cosnard G, Jeanbourquin D, Perfettini C, Blanc AM, Iba-Zizen MT, Cabanis EA (1987) Hématoms et IRM à 0,15 T. J Radiol 68:319–331

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daniels DL, Haughton VM, Williams AL, Strother ChM (1979) Arteriovenous malformation simulating a cyst on computed tomography. Radiology 133:393–394

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deeb JL, Jannetta PJ, Rosenbaum AE, Kerber CW, Drayer BP (1979) Tortuous vertebrobasilar arteries causing cranial nerve syndromes: screening by computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 3:774–778

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De la Paz RL, New PFJ, Buonanno FS, Kistler JP, Oot RF, Rosen BR, Taveras JM, Brady TJ (1984) NMR imaging of intracranial hemorrhage. J Comput Assist Tomogr 8:599–607

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhopesh VP, Greenberg JO, Cohen MM (1980) Computed tomography in brainstem hemorrhage. J Comput Assist Tomogr 4:603–607

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Di Chiro G, Brooks RA, Girton ME, Caporale T, Wright DC, Dwyer AJ, Hörne MK (1986) Sequential MR studies of intracerebral hematomas in monkeys. AJNR 7:193–199

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Di Tullio MV, Stern WE (1979) Hemangioma calcificans. J Neurosurg 50:110–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Edelman RR, Johnson K, Buxton R, Shoukimas G, Rosen BR, Davis KR, Brady TJ (1986) MR of hemorrhage: A new approach. AJNR 7:751–756

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enzmann DR, Hayward RW, Norman D, Dunn RP (1977) Cranial computed tomographic scan appearance of Sturge-Weber disease: unusual presentation. Radiology 122:721–724

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enzmann DR, Britt RH, Lyons BE, Buxton JL, Wilson DA (1981) Natural history of experimental intracerebral hemorrhage: sonography, computed tomography, and neuropathology. AJNR 2:517–526

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fierstien SB, Pribram HW, Hieshima G (1979) Angiography and computed tomography in the evaluation of cerebral venous malformations. Neuroradiology 17:137–148

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Golden JB, Kramer RA (1978) The angiographically occult cerebrovascular malformation. J Neurosurg 48:292–296

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gomori JM, Grossman RI, Bilaniuk LT, Zimmerman RA, Goldberg HI (1985) High-field MR imaging of superficial siderosis of the central nervous system. J Comput Assist Tomogr 9:972–973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gomori JM, Grossman RI, Goldberg HI, Hackney DB, Zimmerman RA, Bilaniuk LT (1986) Occult cerebral vascular malformations: high-field MR imaging. Radiology 158:707–713

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gomori JM, Grossman RI, Goldberg HI, Zimmerman RA, Bilaniuk LT (1985) Intracranial hematomas: Imaging by high-field MR. Radiology 157:87–93

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenhouse AH, Barr JW (1979) The bilateral isodense subdural hematoma on computerized tomographic scan. Arch Neurol 36:305–307

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grumme Th, Lanksch W, Aulich A (1976) The diagnosis of chronic subdural hematoma by computerized axial tomography. In: Lanksch W, Kazner E (eds) Cranial computerized tomography. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 337–341

    Google Scholar 

  • Grumme Th, Lanksch W, Kazner E, Aulich A, Meese W, Lange S, Steinhoff H, Wende S (1976) Zur Diagnose des chronischen subduralen Hämatoms im Computertomogramm. Neurochirurgia (Stuttg) 19:95–103

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grumme Th, Lanksch W, Wende S (1976) Diagnosis of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage by computerized tomography. In: Lanksch W, Kazner E (eds) Cranial computerized tomography. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 284–290

    Google Scholar 

  • Grumme Th, Lanksch W, Kretzschmar K (1979) Intrakranielle Blutungen im Computertomogramm. Dtsch Ärztebl 24:1627–1634

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammer B (1979) Computertomographische Diagnose der Megadolichobasilaris. Fortschr Röntgenstr 131:255–261

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Handa J, Nakano Y, Okuno T, Komuro H, Handa H (1977) Computerized tomography in Moyamoya syndrome. Surg Neurol 7:315–319

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Handa J, Nakano Y, Aii H, Handa H (1978) Computed tomography with giant intracranial aneurysms. Surg Neurol 9:257–263

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harwood-Nash DC, Breckbill DL (1976) Computed tomography in children: a new diagnostic technique. J Pediatr 89:343–357

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayward RD (1976) Intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Observations after experience with computerised tomography. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 39:1027–1033

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Humphreys RP (1978) Computerized tomographic definition of mesencephalic hematoma with evacuation through pedunculotomy. J Neurosurg 49:749–752

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kazner E, Lanksch W (1979) CAT findings in cerebral aneurysms and subarachnoid haemorrhage. In: Pia HW, Langmaid C, Zierski J (eds) Cerebral aneurysms. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 184–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Kazner E, Lanksch W, Grumme Th, Kretzschmar K (1980) Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of spontaneous ICH with CT scan. In: Pia HW, Langmaid C, Zierski J (eds) Spontaneous intracerebral haematomas. Advances in diagnosis and therapy. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 178–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Kendall BE, Claveria LE (1976) The use of computed axial tomography (CAT) for the diagnosis and management of intracranial angiomas. Neuroradiology 12:141–160

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kendall BE, Claveria LE (1977) The use of computerised axial tomography (CAT) for the diagnosis and management of intracranial angiomas. In: du Boulay GH, Moseley IF (eds) Computerised axial tomography in clinical practice. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 261–271

    Google Scholar 

  • Lanksch W, Grumme Th, Kazner E (1978) Schädelhirnverletzungen im Computertomogramm. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Leblanc R, Ethier R, Little JR (1979) Computerized tomography findings in arteriovenous malformations of the brain. J Neurosurg 51:765–772

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee YY, Moser R, Bruner JM, van Tassel P (1986) Organized intracerebral hematoma with acute hemorrhage: CT pattern and pathologic correlations. AJNR 7:403–416

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemme-Plaghos L, Kucharczyk W, Brant-Zawadzki M, Uske A, Edwards M, Norman D, Newton TH (1986) MRI of angiographically occult vascular malformations. Am J Roentgenol 146:1223–1228

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Macpherson P, Teasdale GM, Lindsay KW (1979) Computed tomography in diagnosis and management of aneurysm of the vein of Galen. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 42:786–789

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maehara T, Tasaka A (1978) Cerebral venous angioma: computerized tomography and angiographic diagnosis. Neuroradiology 16:296–298

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maki Y, Semba A (1979) Computed tomography of Sturge-Weber-disease. Childs Brain 5:51–61

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marcu H, Becker H (1977) Computed tomography of bilateral isodense chronic subdural hematomas. Neuroradiology 14:81–83

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall WH, Easter W, Zatz LM (1977) Analysis of the dense lesion at computed tomography with dual kVp scans. Radiology 124:87–89

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martelli A, Scotti G, Harwood-Nash DC, Fitz CR, Chuang SH (1980) Aneurysms of the vein of Galen in children: CT and angiographic correlations. Neuroradiology 20:123–133

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mauersberger W (1978) Vascular deformity of the basilar artery which gave the clinical and computerized impression of a tumor. Adv Neurosurg 5:176–178

    Google Scholar 

  • McDavid WD, Waggener RG, Sank VJ, Dennis MJ, Payne WH (1977) Correlating computed tomographic numbers with physical properties and operating kilovoltage. Radiology 123:761–762

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meese W, Aulich A, Kazner E, Wüllenweber R (1976) CT findings in angiomas and aneurysms. In: Lanksch W, Kazner E (eds) Cranial computerized tomography. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 291–297

    Google Scholar 

  • Messina AV (1976) Computed tomography: contrast media within subdural hematomas. A preliminary report. Radiology 119:725–726

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michels LG, Bentson JR, Winter J (1977) Computed tomography of cerebral venous angiomas. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1:149–154

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moon KL, Brant-Zawadzki M, Pitts LH, Mills CM (1984) Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of CT-isodense subdural hematomas. AJNR 5:319–322

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moseley IF, Holland IM (1979) Ectasia of the basilar artery: the breadth of the clinical spectrum and the diagnostic value of computed tomography. Neuroradiology 18:83–91

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Müke R, Kühne D (1978) Diagnostic errors in computerized tomography in the differential diagnosis of cerebrovascular lesions. Adv Neurosurg 6:115–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller HR, Wiggli U (1977) Cerebral, cerebellar and pontine haemorrhages. In: du Boulay GH, Moseley IF (eds) Computerised axial tomography in clinical practice. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 249–254

    Google Scholar 

  • Nadjmi M, Ratzka M, Wodarz M (1978) Giant aneurysms in CT and angiography. Neuroradiology 16:284–286

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norman D (1977) Computed tomography in intracranial hemorrhage. In: Norman D, Korobkin M, Newton ThH (eds) Computed tomography 1977. Mosby, St Louis

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsen WL, Brant-Zawadzki M, Hodes J, Norman D, Newton TH (1987) Giant intracranial aneurysms: MR imaging. Radiology 163:431–435

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patel DV, Hier DB, Thomas CM, Hemmat M (1984) Intracerebral hemorrhage secondary to cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Radiology 151:397–400

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson NT, Duchesneau PM, Westbrook EL, Weinstein MA (1977) Basilar artery ectasia demonstrated by computed tomography. Radiology 122:713–715

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petit-Perrin D, Aubin ML, Vignaud J (1979) Apport de la scanographie au diagnostic des anéurysmes géants intra-crâniens. J Neuroradiol 6:317–326

    Google Scholar 

  • Phelps ME, Kuhl DE (1976) Pitfalls in the measurements of cerebral blood volume with computed tomography. Radiology 121:375–377

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pia HW (1980) Large and giant aneurysms. Neurosurg Rev 3:7–16

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pia HW, Langmaid C, Zierski J (1980) Spontaneous intracerebral haematomas. Advances in diagnosis and therapy. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinto RS, Kricheff II, Butler AR, Murali R (1979) Correlation of computed tomographic, angiographic and neuro-pathological changes in giant cerebral aneurysms. Radiology 132:85–92

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pressman BD, Gilbert GE, Davis DO (1975) Computerized transverse tomography of vascular lesions of the brain. Part II: Aneurysms. Am J Roentgenol 124:215–219

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pressman BD, Kirkwood JR, Davis DO (1975) Computerized transverse tomography of vascular lesions of the brain. Part I: Arteriovenous malformations. Am J Roentgenol 124:208–214

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Probst FP (1980) Vascular morphology and angiographic flow patterns in Sturge-Weber angiomatosis: fact, thoughts and suggestions. Neuroradiology 20:73–78

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rao KC, Knipp HC, Wagner EJ (1981) Computed tomographic findings in cerebral sinus and venous thrombosis. Radiology 140:391–398

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sartor K (1978) Spontaneous closure of cerebral arteriovenous malformation demonstrated by angiography and computed tomography. Neuroradiology 15:95–98

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Savoiardo M, Strada L, Passerini A (1983) Intracranial cavernous hemangiomas: Neuroradiologic review of 36 operated cases. AJNR 4:945–950

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid UD, Steiger HJ, Huber P (1987) Accuracy of high resolution computed tomography in direct diagnosis of cerebral aneurysms. Neuroradiology 29:152–159

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schubiger O, Valavanis A, Hayek J (1980) Computed tomography in cerebral aneurysms with special emphasis on giant intracranial aneurysms. J Comput Assist Tomogr 4:24–32

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulthess GK von, Higgins CB (1985) Blood flow imaging with MR: spin phase phenomena. Radiology 157:687–695

    Google Scholar 

  • Scotti G, Terbrugge K, Melançon D, Bélanger G (1977) Evaluation of the age of subdural hematomas by computerized tomography. J Neurosurg 47:311–315

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sobel DF, Baker E, Anderson B, Kretzschmar H (1985) Cerebral amyloid angiopathy associated with massive intracerebral hemorrhage. Neuroradiology 27:318–321

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soeur M, Brihaye J, Moerman C (1979) Pseudo-tumoral aneurysm in the third ventricle: report of three cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 45:247–258

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spallone A (1979) Computed tomography in aneurysms of the vein of Galen. J Comput Assist Tomogr 3:779–782

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sundt TM Jr, Piepgras DG (1979) Surgical approach to giant intracranial aneurysms. Operative experience with 80 cases. J Neurosurg 51:731–742

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tagle P, Huete I, Mendez J, Del Villar S (1986) Intracranial cavernous angioma: presentation and management. J Neurosurg 64:720–723

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terao H, Ikeda A, Kobayashi S, Teraoka A (1978) A thrombosed giant aneurysm of the internal carotid artery with brain stem displacement. Surg Neurol 10:157–168

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terbrugge K, Scotti G, Ethier R, Melancon D, Tchang S, Milner C (1977) Computed tomography in intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Radiology 122:703–705

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai FY, Huprich JE, Segall HD, Teal JS (1979) The contrast-enhanced CT scan in the diagnosis of isodense subdural hematoma. J Neurosurg 50:64–69

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ventureyra ECG, Ivan LP (1979) Venous malformation of the pineal region. Surg Neurol 11:225–228

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ventureyra ECG, Choo SH, Benoit B (1980) Super giant globoid intracranial aneurysm in an infant. J Neurosurg 53:411–416

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagle WA, Smith TW, Weiner M (1984) Intracerebral hemorrhage caused by cerebral amyloid angiopathy: Radiographic-pathologic correlation. AJNR 5:171–176

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waluch V, Bradley WG (1984) NMR even echo rephasing in slow laminar flow. J Comput Assist Tomogr 8:594–598

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weisberg LA (1980) Peripheral rim enhancement in supra-tentorial intracerebral hematoma. Comput Tomogr 4:145–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Welch K, Naheedy MH, Abrous IF, Strand RD (1980) Computed tomography of Sturge-Weber syndrome in infants. J Comput Assist Tomogr 4:33–36

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wende S, Ludwig B, Simon RS, Kretzschmar K (1980) Hyperdensity factors. In: Caillé M, Salamon G (eds) Computerized tomography. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 146–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Zatz LM (1976) The effect of the kVp level on EMI-values. Radiology 119:683–688

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman RA, Bilaniuk LT (1978) Computed tomography of vertebrobasilar artery aneurysm. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2:39–49

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman RA, Bilaniuk LT (1979) Computed tomography of choroid plexus lesions. J Comput Assist Tomogr 3:93–103

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman RA, Bilaniuk LT, Grossman RI, Levine RS, Lynch R, Goldberg HI, Samuel L, Edelstein W, Bottomley P, Redington RW (1985) Resistive NMR of intracranial hematomas. Neuroradiology 27:16–20

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman RA, Bilaniuk LT, Hackney DB, Goldberg HI, Grossman RI (1986) Head injury: early results of comparing CT and high-field MR. Am J Roentgenol 147:1215–1222

    CAS  Google Scholar 

F.10. Cerebral Infarction

  • Aulich A, Fenske A (1977) Das Computertomogramm des Schlaganfalles. Akt Neurol 4:129–140

    Google Scholar 

  • Aulich A, Wende S, Kazner E, Lanksch W, Steinhoff H, Grumme Th, Lange S, Méese W (1978) Computerized axial tomography for diagnosis and follow-up studies of cerebral infarcts and the development of brain edema. In: Bories J (ed) The diagnostic limitations of computerised axial tomography. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 105–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Bech-Skriver E, Skyhøj Olsen T (1981) Transient disappearance of cerebral infarcts on CT scan, the so called fogging effect. Neuroradiology 22:61–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Biller J, Adams HP, Dunn V, Simmons Z, Jacoby CG (1986) Dichotomy between clinical findings and MR abnormalities in pontine infarction. J Comput Assist Tomogr 10:379–385

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonafe A, Manelfe C, Scotto B, Pradere MY, Rascol A (1985) Role of computed tomography in vertebrobasilar ischemia. Neuroradiology 27:484–493

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bories J, Derhy S, Chiras J (1985) CT in hemispheric ischaemic attacks. Neuroradiology 27:468–483

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brant-Zawadzki M, Solomon M, Newton TH, Weinstein P, Schmidley J, Norman D (1985) Basic principles of magnetic resonance imaging in cerebral ischemia and initial clinical experience. Neuroradiology 27:517–520

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brant-Zawadzki M, Pereira B, Weinstein P, Moore S, Kucharczyk W, Berry F, McNamara M, Derugin N (1986) MRS of acute experimental ischemia in rats. AJNR 7:7–11

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bryan RN, Willcott MR, Schneiders NJ, Ford JJ, Derman HS (1983) Nuclear magnetic resonance evaluation of stroke. Radiology 149:189–192

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caillé JM, Guibert F, Bidabe AM, Billerey J, Piton J (1980) Enhancement of cerebral infarcts with CT. Comput Tomogr 4:73–77

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell JK, Houser OW, Stevens JC, Wahner HW, Baker HL, Folger WN (1978) Computed tomography and radionuclide imaging in the evaluation of ischemic stroke. Radiology 126:695–702

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crisi G, Colombo A, de Santis M, Guerzoni MC, Calo M, Panzetti P (1984) CT and cerebral ischemic infarcts. Correlations between morphological and clinical-prognostic findings. Neuroradiology 26:101–105

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis SM, Tress BM, Hopper JL, Kaye AH, Rossiter SC (1987) Dynamic CT brain scanning in the haemodynamic evaluation of cerebral arterial occlusion disease. Neuroradiology 29:259–265

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duyckaerts C, Hauw JJ (1985) Pathology and pathophysiology of brain ischaemia. Neuroradiology 27:460–467

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fox AJ, Bogousslavsky J, Carey LS, Barnett HJM, Vinitski S, Karlik SJ, Vinuela F, Pelz DM, Hachinski V (1986) Magnetic resonance imaging of small medullary infarctions. AJNR 7:229–233

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg AL, Rosenbaum AE, Wang H, Kim WS, Lewis VL, Hanley DF (1986) Computed tomography of dural sinus thrombosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 10:16–20

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hakim AM, Ryder-Cooke A, Melanson D (1983) Sequential computerized tomographic appearance of strokes. Stroke 14:893–897

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hecht-Leavitt C, Gomori JM, Grossman RI, Goldberg HI, Hackney DB, Zimmerman RA, Bilaniuk LT (1986) High field MRI of hemorrhagic cortical infarction. AJNR 7:581–585

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heiss WD, Herholz K, Böcher-Schwarz HG, Pawlik G, Wienhard K, Steinbrich W, Friedmann G (1986) PET, CT, and MR imaging in cerebrovascular disease. J Comput Assist Tomogr 10:903–911

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henrikson GC, Patel DV (1985) Enhancing cerebral infarction simulating arteriovenous malformation on computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 9:502–606

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hilal SK, Maudsley AA, Simon HE, Perkman WH, Bonn J, Mawad ME, Silver AJ, Ganti SR, Sane P, Chien IC (1983) In vivo NMR imaging of tissue sodium in the intact cat before and after acute cerebral stroke. AJNR 4:245–249

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ho SU, Kim KS, Berenberg RA, Ho HT (1981) Cerebellar infarction: A clinical and CT study. Surg Neurol 16:350–352

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kashihara M, Matsumoto K (1985) Acute capsular infarction. Neuroradiology 27:248–253

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kazner E (1979) Die Bedeutung der Computertomographie für die Diagnose und Differentialdiagnose zerebraler Durchblutungsstörungen. Neurol Psychiatr (Bucur) 5:312–324

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim KS, Walczak TS (1986) Computed tomography of deep cerebral venous thrombosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 10:386–390

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Launay M, Nidiaye M, Bories J (1985) X-ray computed tomography (CT) study of small, deep and recent infarcts (SDRJs) of the cerebral hemispheres in adults. Preliminary and critical report. Neuroradiology 27:494–508

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levy RM, Mano I, Brito A, Hosobuchi Y (1983) NMR imaging of acute experimental cerebral ischemia: time course and pharmacologic manipulations. AJNR 4:238–241

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Macchi PJ, Grossman RI, Gomori JM, Goldberg HI, Zimmerman RA, Bilaniuk LT (1986) High field MR imaging of cerebral venous thrombosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 10:10–15

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Masdek JC (1983) Enhancing mass of CT: Neoplasm or recent infarction? Neurology 33:836–840

    Google Scholar 

  • McMurdo SK, Brant-Zawadzki M, Bradley WG, Chang GY, Berg BO (1986) Dural sinus thrombosis: Study using intermediate field strength MR imaging. Radiology 161:83–86

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Naeser MA, Hayward RW, Laughlin SA, Zatz LM (1981) Quantitative CT scan studies in aphasia I. Infarct size and CT numbers. Brain Lang 12:140–164

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olteanu-Nerbe V, Schmiedek P, Kazner E, Lanksch W, Marguth F (1976) Comparison of regional cerebral blood flow and computerized tomography in patients with cerebrovascular disease and brain tumors. In: Lanksch W, Kazner E (eds) Cranial computerized tomography. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 305–308

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostertag ChB, Mundinger F (1978) Diagnostic errors in the interpretation of cerebral infarction. Adv Neurosurg 6:86–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Sager WD, Ladurner G (1979) Klassifikation und Verlauf des Hirninfarktes im Computertomogramm. Fortschr Röntgenstr 131:470–475

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Segall HD, Ahmadi J, McComb JG, Zee C-S, Beckert TS, Han JS (1982) Computed tomographic observations pertinent to intracranial venous thrombotic and occlusive disease in childhood. Radiology 143:441–449

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shirakuni T, Tamaki N, Matsumoto S, Fujiwara M (1985) Megadolichobasilar anomaly associated with brain stem infarction: a case report. J Comput Tomogr 9:79–81

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sipponen JT (1984) Visualization of brain infarction with nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroradiology 26:387–391

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skriver EB, Olsen TS (1982) Contrast enhancement of cerebral infarcts. Incidence and clinical value in different states of cerebral infarction. Neuroradiology 23:259–265

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Somerhausen P (1980) Contrast enhancement of cerebral infarction in computer tomography. J Beige Radiol 63:561–572

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Virapongse L, Mancuso A, Quisling R (1986) Human brain infarcts: Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 161:785–794

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wall SD, Brant-Zawadzki M, Jeffrey RB, Barnes B (1981) High frequency CT findings within 24 hours after cerebral infarction. AJNR 2:553–557

    Google Scholar 

  • Wende S, Kazner E, Grumme Th (1979) Differentialdiagnose zwischen Ödem und Erweichung im Computer-Tomogramm. Nervenarzt 50:423–425

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson JL, Moseley IF (1977) A diagnostic approach to cerebellar lesions. In: du Boulay GH, Moseley IF (eds) Computerised axial tomography in clinical practice. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 123–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Wüllenweber R, zum Winkel K, Grumme Th, Lange S, Méese W (1976) Differentialdiagnose des Schlaganfalles im Computertomogramm. Neurochirurgia (Stuttg) 19:1–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamanouchi H, Tohgi H, Tomonaga H, Jjo M (1981) Computerized tomographic evaluation of chronic ischemic lesions in cerebral white matter. Jpn J Geriat 18:297–307

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yock DH, Marshall WH (1975) Recent ischemic brain infarcts and computed tomography: Appearances pre- and post-contrast infusion. Radiology 117:599–608

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yock D, Norman D, Newton ThH (1978) Pitfalls in the diagnosis of ichaemic cerebral infarcts by computed tomography. In: Bories J (ed) The diagnostic limitations of computerised axial tomography. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 90–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Zülch KJ (1985) The cerebral infarct. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

E. Kazner S. Wende T. Grumme O. Stochdorph R. Felix C. Claussen

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Claussen, C. et al. (1989). CT and MR Imaging of Non-neoplastic Intracranial Masses. In: Kazner, E., Wende, S., Grumme, T., Stochdorph, O., Felix, R., Claussen, C. (eds) Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Tomography of Intracranial Tumors. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74311-5_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74311-5_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-74313-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-74311-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics