Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Study of the Forces Between Atoms of Single Crystal Surfaces from Experimental Phonon Dispersion Curves

  • Conference paper
Book cover Solvay Conference on Surface Science

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Surface Sciences ((SSSUR,volume 14))

Abstract

The observation of relaxation and reconstruction suggests that the forces between individual atoms at the surface of single crystals are different from those in the bulk. With the recent development of new techniques for high resolution inelastic helium- and electron-impact scattering it is now possible to measure phonon dispersion curves on insulators, semiconductors and metals. In all three types of materials a number of unexpected phenomena are observed many of which have been analyzed in terms of interatomic force constants describing the lateral interactions between atoms in the first layer. For example on the fcc(111) metal surfaces only the nearly free electron metal Al shows a behavior consistent with bulk force constants, whereas all the noble metals and the transition metals Pd and Pt show a strong anomaly in their surface lateral force constants even though they do not reconstruct. In W(001), a metal which is known to reconstruct below room temperature, the dispersion curves show a normal behavior at 1100 K, an anomalous behavior at 450 K and a folded dispersion curve characteristic of a reconstructed surface at 220 K. These and other examples of unexpected behavior in the insulator LiF and semiconductors such as Si, GaAs, GaSe and TaSe2 discussed in terms of recent theoretical models of force constant modifications at the surface.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Lord Rayleigh, Proc. London Math. Soc. 17, 4 (1887)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. M. Born and Th. von Karman, Phys. Zeit. 13, 297 (1912)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. I.M. Lifshitz and L.M. Rosenzweig, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 18, 1012 (1948)

    Google Scholar 

  4. D.C. Gazis, R. Herman and R.F. Wallis, Phys. Rev. 119, 533 (1960)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. R.E. Allen, G.P. Alldredge and F.W. de Wette, Phys. Rev. B4, 1648 (1971); B4, 1661 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  6. G.P. Alldredge, R.E. Allen and F.W. de Wette, Phys. Rev. B4, 1682 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  7. G. Bendedek, Surf. Sci. 61, 603 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. B.N. Brockhouse and A.T. Stewart, Phys. Rev. 100, 756 (1955)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. K.H. Rieder and E.M. Hörl, Phys. Rev. Lett. 20, 209 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. K.H. Rieder and W. Drexel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 34, 148 (1975)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. J. Aldag and R.M. Stern, Phys. Rev. Lett. 14, 857 (1965)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. R.F. Wallis and A.A. Maradudin, Phys. Rev. 148, 962 (1966)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. D.L. Huber, Phys. Rev. 153, 772 (1967)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. F.M. Probst and T.C. Piper, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 4, 53 (1967)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. H. Ibach, Phys. Rev. Lett. 24, l4l6 (1970); 2J, 253 (1971); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 713 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. C.H. Li, S.Y. Tong and D.L. Mills, Phys. Rev. B21, 3057 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  17. S. Lehwald, J.W. Szeftel, H. Ibach, T.S. Rahman and D.L. Mills, Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 518 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. J-M. Szeftel, S. Lehwald, H. Ibach, T.S. Rahman, J.E. Black and D.L. Mills, Phys.Rev. Lett. 51, 268 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. N. Cabrera, V. Celli and R. Manson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 22, 346 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. R. Manson and V. Celli, Surf. Sci. 24, 495 (1971)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. S.S. Fisher and J.R. Bledsoe, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 9 8l4 (1971); Surf. Sci. 46, 129 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  22. R.E. Subbarao, D.R. Miller, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 9 808 (1972)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. J.M. Home and D.R. Miller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 4l, 511 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  24. B.E. Mason and B.R. Williams, J. Chem. Phys. 55, 3220 (1971); 61, 2765 (1974)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. G. Brusdeylins, R.B. Doak and J.P. Toennies, Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 1417 (1980)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. G. Brusdeylins, R.B. Doak and J.P. Toennies, Phys. Rev. Lett. 46, 437 (1981)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. H.B. Doak, U. Harten and J.P. Toennies, Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 578 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. See for example K.M. Ho, C.L. Fu, B.N. Harmon, Phys. Rev. B22, 575 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  29. “Dynamical Properties of Solids”, G.K. Horton and A.A. Maradudin (Eds.), Vol. 3, North Holland, Amsterdam 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  30. K.M. Ho and K.P. Bohnen, Phys. Rev. B22, 3446 (1985); Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 934 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  31. V. Bortolani, A. Franchini and G. Santoro in “Electronic Structure, Dynamics and Quantum Structural Properties of Condensed Matter”, J.T. Devreese and P. van Lamp (Eds.), Plenum Press, New York 1984, p. 401.

    Google Scholar 

  32. A. Franchini, Dissertation, University of Modena, 1985/86

    Google Scholar 

  33. J. deLaunay in “Solid State Physics”, F. Scitz and D. Turnball (Eds.), Academic Press, New York 1956, p. 219.

    Google Scholar 

  34. R. Shuttelworth, Proc. Phys. Soc. London A62, 444 (1950)

    Google Scholar 

  35. C. Herring in “The Physics of Powder Metallurgy”, W.E. Kingston (Ed.), McGraw-Hill, New York 1951, P- 162 ff

    Google Scholar 

  36. J.E. Müller, M. Wuttig and H. Ibach, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1583 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. B.G. Dick Jr., and A.W. Overhauser, Phys. Rev. 112, 90 (1958)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. A.D.B. Woods, W. Cochran and B.N. Brockhouse, Phys. Rev. 119, 980 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  39. R.J. Needs, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 53 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. T.S. Chen, F.W. de Wette and G.P. Alldredge, Phys. Rev. B15, 1167 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  41. W. Weber, Phys. Rev. B15, 4789 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  42. P.N. Keating, Phys. Rev. 145, 637 (1966)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. A. Fleszar and R. Resta, Phys. Rev. B34, 7l40 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  44. U. Harten, J.P. Toennies, Ch. Wöll, L. Miglio, P. Ruggerone, L. Colombo and G. Benedek, submitted to Phys. Rev. B

    Google Scholar 

  45. G. Benedek in “Collected Excitation in Solids”, B. di Bartolo (Ed.), Plenum Press, New York 1983, P. 523

    Google Scholar 

  46. G. Benedek in Springer Series in Chemical Physics, Vol. 21, G. Benedek and U. Valbusa (Eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin 1982, p. 227.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Ch. Wöll, Dissertation, University of Göttingen, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  48. R. Berndt, Diplom thesis, University of Göttingen, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  49. V. Bortolani, A. Franchini and G. Santoro, private communication

    Google Scholar 

  50. J.P. Toennies in “Surface Phonons”, W. Kress (Ed.), Springer Verlag Berlin 1988, to be published

    Google Scholar 

  51. H. Ibach and D.L. Mills “Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and Surface Vibrations”, Academic Press, New York 1982

    Google Scholar 

  52. G. Lilienkamp and J.P. Toennies, J. Chem. Phys. 78 5210 (1983)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. M. Rocca, Berichte der Kernforschungsanlage Jülich Nr. 2000, 1985. See also M. Rocca, H. Ibach, S. Lehwald and T.S. Rahman in “Structure and Dynamics of Surfaces I”, W. Schommers and P. von Blankenhagen (Eds.), Springer Verlag Berlin 198., p. 245

    Google Scholar 

  54. J.P. Toennies and K. Winkelmann, J. Chem. Phys. 66, 3965 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. G. Brusdeylins, H.-D. Meyer, J.P. Toennies and K. Winkelmann, Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics 51, J.L. Poetter (Ed.), AIAA New York 1977, P. 1047

    Google Scholar 

  56. H. Ibach, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A5, 419 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  57. R. Berndt, J.P. Toennies and Ch. Wöll, J. Electron. Spectrosc., 44, 183 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. B.M. Hall and D.L. Mills, Phys. Rev. B24, 8318 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  59. V. Bortolani, A. Franchini, G. Santoro, J.P. Toennies, Ch. Wöll and G. Zhang, to be published

    Google Scholar 

  60. D. Eichenauer, U. Harten, J.P. Toennies and V. Celli, J. Chem. Phys. 86, 3693 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. V. Celli, D. Eichenauer, A. Kaufhold and J.P.Toennies, J. Chem. Phys. 82, 2504 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  62. I. Estermann, R. Frisch and O. Stern, Z. Physik 73, 348 (1932)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. G. Benedek, G. Brusdeylins, R.B. Doak, J.G. Skofronick and J.P. Toennies, Phys. Rev. B28, 2104 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  64. U. Schroder, Solid State Commun. 4, 347 (1966)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. V. Nüsslein and U. Schroder, Phys. Stat. Sol. 21, 309 (1967)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. W. Kress, F.W. de Wette, A.D. Kulkarni and U. Schröder, Phys. Rev. B35, 5783 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  67. W. Kress, F.W. de Wette, A.D. Kulkarni and U. Schroder, Phys. Rev. B35, 2467 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  68. G. Brusdeylins, R. Rechsteiner, J.G. Skofronick, J.P. Toennies, G. Benedek and L. Miglio, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 466 (1985)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. G. Bracco, R. Tatarek, S. Terreni and F. Tommasini, Phys. Rev. B34, 9045 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  70. G. Bracco, M. D’Aranzo, C. Salvo, R. Tatarek, S. Terreni and F. Tommasini, Surf. Sci. 189/190, 684 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. G. Benedek, G.P. Brivio, L. Miglio and V.R. Velasco, Phys. Rev. B26, 497 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  72. G. Benedek, L. Miglio, G. Brusdeylins, J.G. Skofronick and J.P. Toennies, Phys. Rev. B25, 6593 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  73. A. Lucas, J. Chem. Phys. 48, 3156 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Thiry et al., J. Electron Spectroscopy, to be published

    Google Scholar 

  75. U. Harten, J.P. Toennies and Ch. Wöll, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 2947 (1986)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. U. Harten and J.P. Toennies, Europhys. Lett. 4, 833 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. G. Brusdeylins, R. Rechsteiner, J.G. Skofronick, J.P. Toennies, G. Benedek and L. Milio, Phys. Rev. B24, 902 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  78. G. Benedek and L. Miglio, J.G. Skofronick, G. Brusdeylins, C. Heimlich and J.P. Toennies, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A5 1093 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  79. H. Ibach, Phys. Rev. Lett. 22, 253 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. J.A. Schaefer, J. Anderson and G.J. Lapeyre, J. Electron Spectroscopy, 44, 373 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. O.L. Allerhand, D.C. Allan and E.J. Meie, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 2700 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. O.L. Allerhand and E.J. Meie, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 657 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. W. Kohn, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2, 393 (1959)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. E.J. Woll Jr. and W. Kohn, Phys. Rev. 126, 1693 (1962)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. E. Tosatti in Festkörperprobleme XV, 113 (1975)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. U. Harten, J.P. Toennies, Ch. Wöll and G. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 2308 (1985)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. H. Froitzheim, H. Lammering and H.-L. Günter, Phys. Rev. B27, 2278 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  88. R. Smoluchowski, Phys. Rev. 60, 66l (1941)

    Google Scholar 

  89. K.M. Ho and K.P. Bohnen, Phys. Rev. B22, 3446 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  90. A.G. Eguiluz, to be published

    Google Scholar 

  91. K.M. Ho and K.P. Bohnen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 934 (1986)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. J.P. Toennies and Ch. Wöll, Phys. Rev. B26, 4475 (1987-I)

    Google Scholar 

  93. A. Lock, J.P. Toennies, Ch. Wöll, V. Bortolani, A. Franchini and G. Santoro, to be published

    Google Scholar 

  94. A. Lock, Diplom thesis, University of Göttingen, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  95. U. Harten, A.M. Lahee, J.P. Toennies and Ch. Wöll, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 2629 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. M. El-Batanouny, S.Burdick, K.M. Martini and P. Stanciaff, Phys. Rev. Lett., to be published

    Google Scholar 

  97. U. Harten, J.P. Toennies and Ch. Wöll, Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc. 80, 137 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. G. Armand, Solid State Commun. 48, 261 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. J.E. Black, F.C. Shanes and R.F. Wallis, Surf. Sci. 122, 199 (1983)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. V. Bortolani, A. Franchini, F. Nizzoli and G. Santoro, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 429 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. L. Kesmodel et al., as communicated to the author by D.L. Mills

    Google Scholar 

  102. D.L. Mills et al., to be published

    Google Scholar 

  103. C.S. Jayanthi, H. Bilz, W. Kress and G. Benedek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 795 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. A.Euceda, D.M. Bylander and L. Kleinman, Phys. Rev. B28, 528 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  105. V. Bortolani and G. Santoro, U. Harten and J.P. Toennies, Surf. Sci. 148, 82 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. G. Santoro, A. Franchini, V. Bortolani, U. Harten and J.P Toennies, Surf. Sci. 183, 180 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. M. Wuttig, R. Franchy and H. Ibach, Solid State Commun. 57, 445 (1986)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. K.-L. Kesmodel, M.L. Xu and S.Y. Tong, Phys,. Rev. B34, 2010 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  109. B.F. Mason and B.R. Williams, J. Chem. Phys. 25, 2199 (1981), Phys. Rev. Lett. 46, 1138 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. B.F. Mason, K. McGreer and B.R. Williams, Surf. Sci. 130, 282 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. J.W.M. Frenken, A.M. Lahee, J.P. Toennies and Ch. Woll, to be published

    Google Scholar 

  112. K.M. Ho and K.P. Bohnen, Europhys. Lett. 4, 345 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. G. Bracco, R. Tatarek, F. Tommasini, U. Lihke and M. Persson, Phys. Rev. 36, 2928 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. V. Bortolani, A. Franchini and G. Santoro, private communication

    Google Scholar 

  115. S. Lehwald, J.M. Szeftel, H. Ibach, T.S. Rahman, D.L. Mills, Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 518 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. M.-L. Xu, B.M. Hall, S.Y. Tong, M. Rocca, H. Ibach, S. Lehwald and J.E. Black, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 1171 (1985)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. J.W.M. Frenken, J.F. van der Veen and G. Allen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 1876 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. A.M. Lahee, J.P. Toennies and Ch. Woll, Surf. Sci. 121, 529 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  119. J.W.M. Frenken and Ch. Woll, unpublished

    Google Scholar 

  120. V. Bortolani, A. Franchini and G. Santoro, private communication

    Google Scholar 

  121. K. Kern, R. David, R.L. Palmer, G. Comsa and T.S. Rahman, Phys. Rev. Lett. B22, 4334 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  122. D.Neuhaus, F. Joo and B. Feuerbacher, Surf. Sci. Lett. 165, L90 (1986)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. V. Bortolani, A. Franchini and G. Santoro, Surf. Sci. 189/190, 675 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  124. G.Benedek, M. Miura, W. Kress and H. Bilz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 1907 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. D.A. King, Physica Scripta T4, 34 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. [113]E.Tosatti and P.W. Anderson, Solid State Commun. 14, 773 (1974)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. J.C. Campuzano, D.A. King, C. Somerton and J.E. Inglesfield, Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 1649 (1980)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. M.I. Holmes and T. Gustafsson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 443 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  129. C.L. Fu, A.J. Freeman, E. Wimmer and M. Weinert, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 2261 (1985)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. D.Singh, S.H. Wei and H. Krakauer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 3292 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  131. X.W. Wang and W. Weber, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 1452 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. H-J. Ernst, E. Hulpke and J.P. Toennies, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 194l (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  133. H.-J. Ernst and E. Hulpke, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A5, 460 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  134. H.-J Ernst and E. Hulpke, unpublished data

    Google Scholar 

  135. A. Kulkarni, F.W. de Wette and J. Prade, Phys. Rev. B26, 6190 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  136. E. Tosatti, Solid State Commun. 25, 637 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. A. Fasolino, G. Santoro and E. Tosatti, Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 1684 (1980)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. R.L. Leigh, B. Szigetti and V.K. Tewary, Proc. Roy. Soc. A320, 505 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  139. J.W.M. Frenken and Ch. Woll, unpublished data

    Google Scholar 

  140. Ch. Woll and G. Zhang, unpublished data

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Max-Planck-Institut für Strömungsforschung, Bunsenstr. 10, D-3400, Göttingen, Fed.Rep.of Germany

    J. P. Toennies

Authors
  1. J. P. Toennies
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, 78712, Austin, TX, USA

    Frederik W. de Wette

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Toennies, J.P. (1988). The Study of the Forces Between Atoms of Single Crystal Surfaces from Experimental Phonon Dispersion Curves. In: de Wette, F.W. (eds) Solvay Conference on Surface Science. Springer Series in Surface Sciences, vol 14. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74218-7_23

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74218-7_23

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-74220-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-74218-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation