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Second Messengers of Insulin Action

  • Chapter
Insulin

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 92))

  • 380 Accesses

Abstract

Despite significant advances in the past few years on the chemistry and biology of insulin and its receptor, the molecular events that couple the insulin-receptor interaction to the regulation of cellular metabolism remain uncertain. Progress in this area has been complicated by the pleiotropic nature of insulin’s actions. These most likely involve a complex network of pathways resulting in the coordination of mechanistically distinct cellular effects. Since the well-recognized mechanism of signal transduction (i.e., cyclic nucleotides, ion channels) appear not to be central to insulin action, investigators have searched for a novel second messenger system. A low molecular weight substance has been identified that mimics certain actions of insulin on metabolic enzymes. This substance has an inositol glycan structure, and is produced by the insulin-sensitive hydrolysis of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (glycosyl-PI) in the plasma membrane. This hydrolysis reaction, which is catalyzed by a specific phospholipase C, also results in the production of a structurally distinct diacylglycerol, that may selectively regulate one or more of the protein kinases C. The glycosyl-PI precursor for the inositol glycan enzyme modulator is structurally analogous to the recently described glycosyl-PI membrane protein anchor. Preliminary studies suggest that a subset of proteins anchored in this fashion might be released from cells by a similar insulin-sensitive, phospholipase-catalyzed reaction. Future efforts will focus on the precise role of the metabolism of glycosyl-PI in insulin action.

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Authors
  1. A. R. Saltiel
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  2. P. Cuatrecasas
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pharmaceutical Research Division, Warner Lambert Company, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA

    Pedro Cuatrecasas M. D. (President) (President)

  2. Division of Cell Biology, Burroughs Wellcome Co., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA

    Steven Jacobs M. D. (Director) (Director)

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© 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Saltiel, A.R., Cuatrecasas, P. (1990). Second Messengers of Insulin Action. In: Cuatrecasas, P., Jacobs, S. (eds) Insulin. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 92. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74098-5_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74098-5_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-74100-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-74098-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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