Abstract
It seems to be agreed generally that there is a genetic element which determines psoriasis, but usually of more importance are the factors that precipitate or trigger the condition. Treatment and even prevention of these may considerably improve the prognosis; they include infection, trauma or endocrine factors and have been described elsewhere [1]. Major psychological stress precipitates psoriasis in over 40 % of first attacks [2], and worry or stress can exacerbate pre-existing lesions in 70% of patients [1]. The treatment of this stress by psychotherapy will be detailed in this chapter [3–5]. Physical treatment is usually needed in addition, often with dithranol, and continued until no trace of the rash remains [6]. Early and complete therapy is followed by a significantly better prognosis [7].
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Farber EM, Nall L (1984) An appraisal of measures to prevent and control psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 10:511–517
Seville RH (1977) Psoriasis and stress. Br J Dermatol 97:297–302
Coles RB (1965) The treatment of psoriasis in groups. Med World 2:1–8
Coles RB (1967) Group treatment in the skin department. Trans St John’s Hosp Dermatol Soc 53:82–85
Seville RH (1978) Psoriasis and stress II. Br J Dermatol 98:151–153
Seville RH, Martin E (1981) Dermatological nursing and therapy. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 1–38
Seville RH (1987) Dithranol based therapies (pp 185-186) and Doctor-patient relationship (pp 276-284). In: Mier PD, van der Kerkhof PCM (eds) Textbook of psoriasis. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh
Koblenzer CS (1983) Psychosomatic concepts in dermatology. Arch Dermatol 119:501–512
Thomas KB (1987) General practice consultations: is there any point in being positive?. Br Med J 294:1200–1202
Coles RB, Bridger H (1969) The consultant and his roles. Br J Med Psychol 42:231–241
Freeling P (1985) My doctor. J R Soc Med 78:8–17
Balint M (1964) The doctor, his patient and the illness. Pitman, London
Coles RB, Ryan TJ (1975) The psoriasis sufferer in the community. Br J Dermatol 93:111–112
Killilea M (1976) Mutual help organizations. In: Caplan G, Killilea M (eds) Support systems and mutual help. Grune and Stratton, New York, pp 37–93
Jobling RG, Coles RB (1985) Dermatol Pract 3:6–7
Jobling RG (1977) Medical encounters. Davis A, Horobin G (eds) Croom Helm, London, pp 72–86
Practitioner (1977) 834
Braun-Falco O, Plewig G, Wolff HH (1984) Dermatologie and Venerologie. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Brocq L, Jacquet L (1891) Notes pour servir à l’histoire des neurodermatites. Ann Dermatol Syphiligr 97:193
Hanifin JM, Rajka G (1980) Diagnostic features of atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol [Suppl] (Stockh) 92:44–47
Rajka G (1986) Natural history and clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis. Clin Rev Allergy 4:3–26
Vickers CFH (1980) The natural history of atopic aczema. Acta Derm Vernerol [Suppl] (Stockh) 92:113–115
Champion RH, Parish WE (1968) Atopic dermatitis. In: Rook A, Wilkinson DS (eds) Textbook of dermatology. Blackwell, Oxford
Wütherich G (1984) Immunpathologie der atopischen Dermatitis. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 132:426–431
Rajka G (1986) Atopic dermatitis. Correlation of environmental factors with frequency. Int J Dermatol 25:301–304
Hanifin M, Lobitz WC (1977) Newer concepts of atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 113:663–670
Stüttgen G (1981) Physiologie and Pathophysiologie des Juckreizes. Münch Med Wochenschr 123:987–991
Cormia FE (1952) Experimental histamine pruritus. I. Influence of physical and psychological factors on threshold reactivity. Invest Dermatol 19:21–29
Graham DT, Wolf S (1950) Pathogenesis of urticaria. JAMA 1396–1402
Ring J (1981) Atopic dermatitis: a disease of immuno-vegetative dysregulation. In: Ring J, Burg G (eds) New trends in allergy. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Slade JD, Hepburn B (1983) Prednisone-induces alterations of circulating human lymphocyte subsets. J Lab Clin Med 101:479–487
Faulstich ME, Williamson DA, Duchman EG, Conerly SL, Brantley PJ (1985) Psychophysiological analysis of atopic dermatitis. J Psychosom Res 29:415–417
Schwendner R (1986) Psychische Belastungen und Streßreaktionen bei Neurodermitikern und Psoriatikern. Dermatologie-Kongreß, Davos
Panconesi E (1984) Stress and skin disease; psychosomatic dermatology. In: Parish LC (ed) Clinics in dermatology. Lippincott, Philadelphia
Kaschel R (1987) Verhaltensmedizinische Aspekte der atopischen Dermatitis. Eine Pilotstudie. Dipl Psychologie, Universität Tübingen
Koblenzer CS (1983) Psychosomatic concepts in dermatology. Arch Dermatol 119:501–512
Wittkower E, Russel B (1953) Emotional factors in skin disease. Cassell, London
Brown DG (1972) Stress as a precipitant of eczema. J Psychosom Res 16:321–327
McLaughlin JT, Shoemaker RJ, Guy WB (1962) Personality factors in adult atopic eczema. Arch Dermatol Syphilol 68:506–516
Rajka G (1986) Natural history and clinical manisfestations of atopic dermatitis. Clin Rev Allergy 4:3–26
Schur M (1980) Zur Metapsychologie der Somatisierung. In: Brede K (ed) Einführung in die psychosomatische Medizin. Syndikat, Autoren-und Verlagsgesellschaft, Frankfurt/M
Marty P (1980) Die allergische Objektbeziehung. In: Brede K (ed) Einführung in die psychosomatische Medizin. Syndikat, Autoren-und Verlagsgesellschaft, Frankfurt/M
Medansky RS, Handler RM (1981) Dermatopsychosomatics: classification, physiology and therapeutic approaches. J Am Acad Dermatol 5:125–136
Rechardt E (1970) An investigation in the psychosomatic aspects of prurigo Besnier. Monographs of the Psychiatric Clinic Helsinki University, Central Hospital, Helsinki
Bosse K, Fassheber P, Hünecke P, Teichmann AT, Zauner J (1976) Zur sozialen Situation des Hautkranken als Phänomen interpersoneller Wahrnehmung. Psychosom Med Psychoanal 21:3–61
Fjellner B, Arnetz BB (1985) Psychological predictors of pruritus during mental stress. Acta Derm Vernerol (Stockh) 65-504–508
Klein JM (1982) Stress und Neurodermatitis: “Atopic neurodermatosis”. A new concept. Stress 3:11–14
Böddeker KW, Böddeker M (1976) Verhaltenstherapeutische Ansätze bei der Behandlung des endogenen Ekzems unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des zwanghaften Kratzens. Z Psychosom Med Psychoanal 21:61–101
Bosse K, Hünecke P (1986) Der Juckreiz des endogenen Ekzematikers. Münch Med Wochenschr 123:1013–1016
Jordan JM, Withlock FA (1972) Emotions and the skin: the conditioning of scratch response in cases of atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 86:579–585
Balint M (1964) The doctor, his patient and the illness. Pitman, London
Pines D (1980) Skin communications: early skin disorders and their effect on transferrence and countertransferrence. Int J Psychoanal 61:315–323
Spitz R (1967) Die Entstehung der ersten Objektbeziehung. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart
Schröpl F (1984) Die Bedeutung psychischer Faktoren bei der Neurodermitis. Riedeil, Frankfurt
Bosse K, Gieler U (1987) Seelische Faktoren bei Hautkrankheiten. Huber, Bern
Haynes SN, Wilson CC, Jaffe FG, Britton BV (1979) Biofeedback treatment of atopic dermatitis: controlled case studies of eight cases. Biofeedback Self Regul 4:195–209
Neraal A (1987) Therapeutischer Umgang mit Neurodermitispatienten. Dtsche Krankenpflege 2:78–80
Klein HS (1949) Psychogenic factors in dermatitis and their treatment by group therapy. Br J Med Psychol 22:32–45
Walsh MN, Kierland RR (1947) Psychotherapy in the treatment of neurodermatitis. Proceedings of staff meeting, Mayo Clinic 22:578–583
Williams D (1951) Management of atopic dermatitis in children: control of the maternal rejection factor. Arch Dermatol Syphilol 63:545–556
Thomä H (1980) Über die Unspezifität psychosomatischer Erkrankungen am Beispiel einer Neurodermitis mit 20-jähriger Katamnese. Psyche 24:589–624
Krichhauff G (1955) Bemerkungen zu genetischen und neurosenstrukturellen Faktoren bei endogenen Ekzemen. Z Psychosom Me 2:184–192
Allen KE, Harris FR (1966) Elimination of a child’s excessive scratching by training the mother in reinforcement procedures. Behav Res Ther 4:79–84
Dobes RW (1977) Amelioration of psychosomatic dermatosis by reinforced inhibiton of scratching. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 8:185–187
Melin L, Frederiksen T, Noren P, Swebilius BG (1986) Behavioral treatment of scratching in patients with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 115:467–474
Walton D (1960) The application of learning theory to the treatment of a case of neurodermatitis. In: Eysenck HJ (ed) Behaviour therapy and the neuroses Pergamon. New York
Miller R, Conger R, Dymond A (1974) Biofeedback skin conductance conditioning in dyshydrotic eczema. Arch Dermatol 109:737–738
Horan JS (1950) Management of neurodermatitis by hypnotic suggestion. Br J Med Hypnotism 2:43–49
Kline MV (1954) Psoriasis and hypnotherapy: the acceptance of resistance in the treatment of a long-standing neurodermatitis with a sensory imagery technique. J Clin Exp Hypnosis 2:313–322
Twerski AJ, Naar R (1974) Hypnotherapy in a case of refractory dermatitis. Am J Clin Hypnosis 16:202–205
Zhukow JA (1961) Hypnotherapy of dermatosis in resort treatment. In: Winn RB (ed) Psychotherapy in the Soviet Union. Philosophical Library, New York
Bremer-Schulte M, Cormane RH, van Dijk E, Write J (1985) Group therapy of psoriasis: duoformula group treatment as an example. J Am Acad Dermalol 12:61–66
Brown DG, Bettley FR (1971) Psychiatric treatment of eczema: a controlled trial. Br Med J 2:729–734
Warin RP, Champion RH (1974) Urticaria. Saunders, Philadelphia
Champion RH, Roberts SOB, Carpenter RG, Roger JH (1969) Urticaria and angioedema. A review of 554 patients. Br J Dermatol 81:588–597
Rees L (1957) An aetiological study of chronic urticaria and angioneurotic oedema. J Psychosom Res 2:172–189
Stokes JH, Kulchar GV, Pillsburg DM (1935) Effect on the skin of emotional and nervous states. Arch Dermatol Syph 31:470–499
Juhlin L (1981) Recurrent urticaria: clinical investigation of 330 patients. Br J Dermatol 104:369–381
Green GR, Koelsche GA, Kierland RR (1965) Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic urticaria. Ann Allergy 23:30–36
Cohen F (1979) Personality, stress, and the development of physical disease. In: Stone GC, Adler NE, Cohen F (eds) Health psychology. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco
Czubalski K, Rudzki E (1977) Neuropsychic factors in physical urticaria. Dermatologica 154:1–4
McCabe PM, Schneiderman N (1985) Psychophysiologic reactions to stress. In: Schneiderman N, Tapp JT (eds) Behavioral medicine: the biopsychosocial approach. Erlbaum, New York
10. Graham DT, Wolf S (1950) Pathogenesis of urticaria: experimental study of life situations, emotions and cutaneous vascular reactions. JAMA 143:1396–1402
Beall GN (1964) Urticaria: a review of laboratory and clinical observations. Medicine 43:131–151
Lembeck F (1983) Mediators of vasodilatation in the skin. Br J Dermatol 109[Suppl 25]:1–9
Kepecs JG, Robin M, Brunner M (1951) Relationship between certain emotional states and exudation into the skin. Psychosom Med 13:10–17
Mason AA, Black S (1958) Allergic skin responses abolished under treatment of asthma and hayfever by hypnosis. Lancet I:877–879
Black S (1963a) Inhibition of immediate-type hypersensitivity response by direct suggestion under hypnosis. Br Med J I:925–929
Black S (1963b) Shift in dose-response curve of Prausnitz-Küstner reaction by direct suggestion under hypnosis. Br Med J I:990–992
Black S, Humphrey JH, Niven J (1963) Inhibition of Mantoux reaction by direct suggestion under hypnosis. Br Med J I:1649–1652
Reimann JH, Meyer HJ, Wendt P (1981) Stress and histamine. In: Ring J, Burg G (eds) New trends in allergy. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Mest HJ, Zehl V, Sziegoleit W, Taube C, Förster W (1982) Influence of mental stress on plasma level of prostaglandins, throboxan B2 and on circulating platelet aggregates in man. Prostaglandins Leucotrienes Med 8:553–563
Teshima H, Inoue S, Ago Y, Ikemi Y (1974) Plasminic activity and emotional stress. Psychother Psychosom 23:218–228
Bourne HR, Lichtenstein LM, Melmon RL, Henney CS, Weinstein Y, Shearer GM (1974) Modulation of inflammation and immunity by cyclic AMP. Science 184:19–28
Shelley WB, Shelley ED(1985) Adrenergic urticaria: anewform of stress-induced hives. Lancet 2:1031–1033
Payan DG, Levine JD, Goetzl EJ (1984) Modulation of immunity and hypersensitivity by sensory neuropeptides. J Immunol 132:1601–1604
Farber EM, Nicholoff BJ, Recht B, Fraki EJ (1986) Stress, symmetry and psoriasis: possible role of neuropeptides. J Am Acad Dermatol 14:305–311
Siegel RA, Düker E-M, Fuchs E, Pahnke U, Wuttke W (1984) Responsiveness of mesolimbic, mesocortical, septal and hippocampal cholecystokinin and substance P neuronal systems to stress, in the male rat. Neurochem Int 6:783–789
Ader R (1981) Psychoneuroimmunology. Academic, New York
Alexander F (1950) Psychosomatic medicine, its principles and applications. Norton, New York
Saul LJ, Bernstein C (1941) The emotional setting of some attacks of urticaria. Psychosom Med 3:349–369
Kaywin L (1947) Emotional factors in urticaria. Psychosom Med 8:131–136
Schneider E (1954) Psychodynamics of chronic allergic eczema and chronic urticaria. J Nerv Ment Dis 120:17–21
Wittkower ED (1953) Studies of the personality of patients suffering from urticaria. Psychosom med 15:116–126
Kraft B, Blumenthal DL (1959) Psychological components in chronic urticaria. Acta Allergol 13:469–475
Shoemaker RJ (1963) A search for the affective determinants of chronic urticaria. Psychosomatics 4:125–132
Kaneko DL, Takaishi N (1963) Psychosomatic studies on chronic urticaria. Folia Psychiatr Neurol Jpn 17:16–24
Lyketsos GC, Stratigos J, Tawil G, Psaras M, Lyketsos CG (1985) Hostile personality characteristics, dysthymic states and neurotic symptoms in urticaria, psoriasis and alopecia. Psychother Pschosom 44:122–131
Anasagasti JI, Peralta V, Harto A, Chinchilla A, Ledo A (1986) Estudio de la personalidad en pacientes con urticaria chronica. Rev Clin Esp 178:177–180
Fava GA, Perini GI, Santonastaso P, Fornasa CV (1980) Life events and dermatological disorders: psoriasis, chronic urticaria and fungal infections. Br Med J 53:277–282
Russell-Davis D, Kennard DW (1964) Urticaria. J Psychosom Res 8:203–206
Selye H (1956) The stress of life. McGraw Hill, New York
Kanner AD, Coyne JC, Schaefer C, Lazarus RS (1981) Comparison of two modes of stress measurement: daily hassles and uplifts versus major life events. J Behav Med 4:1–19
Reinhold M (1960) Relationship of stress to the development of symptoms in alopecia areata and chronic urticaria. Br Med J I:846–849
Teshima H, Kubo C, Kihara H, Imada Y, Nagata S, Abo Y (1982) Psychosomatic aspects of skin diseases from the standpoint of immunology. Psychother psychosom 37:165–175
Whitlock A (1976) Psychophysiologic aspects of skin disease. Saunders, Toronto
Shertzer CI, Lookingbill DP ( 1987) Effects of relaxation therapy and hypnotizability in chronic urticaria. Arch Dermatol 123:913–916
Bowers KS, Kelley P (1978) Stress, disease, psychotherapy and hypnosis. J Abnorm Psychol 85:490–505
Rudzki E, Borkowski W, Czubalski K (1970) The suggestive effect of placebo on the intensity of chronic urticaria. Acta Allergol 25:70–73
Luthe W (ed) (1970) Autogenic therapy, vol 4: Research and therapy. Grune and Stratton, New York
Tapp JT (1985) Multisystems interventions in disease. In: Schneiderman N, Tapp JT (eds) Behavioral medicine: the biopsychosocial approach. Erlbaum, New York
Moan ER (1979) GSR biofeedback assisted relaxation training and psychosomatic hives. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 10:158–159
Daniels LK (1973) Treatment of urticaria and severe headache by behavior therapy. Psychosomatics 14:347–351
Ikemi Y, Nakagawa S, Kusano T, Sugita M (1970) The application of autogenic training to “psychological desensitization” of allergic discorders. In: Luthe W (ed) Autogenic therapy, vol 4: Research and therapy. Grune and Stratton, New York
Goldfried MR, Davison GC (1976) Clinical behavior therapy. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York
Rogers CR (1951) Client-centered therapy. Houghton Mifflin, Boston
Davanloo H (ed) (1978) Basic principles and techniques in short-term fdynamic psychotherapy. SP Medical and Scientific Books, New York
Rechenberger I (1976) Tiefenpsychologisch ausgerichtete Diagnostik and Behandlung von Hautkrankheiten. Vandenhoek and Ruprecht, Göttingen
Van Moffaert M (1982) Psychosomatics for the practising dermatologist. Dermatologica 165:73–87
Keegan DL (1976) Chronic urticaria: clinical, psychophysiological and therapeutic aspects. Psychosomatics 17:160–163
Brodsky CM (1983) “Allergic to everything”: a medical subculture. Psychosomatics 24:731–742
Pearson DJ (1986) Pseudo food allergy. Br Med J 292:221–222
Sanger MD (1970) Psychosomatic allergy. Psychosomatics 11:473–476
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Coles, R.B., Seville, R.H., Gieler, U., Stangier, U. (1989). Disorders of the Skin. In: Psychological Managements for Psychosomatic Disorders. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73731-2_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73731-2_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-19298-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-73731-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive