Abstract
Citrus fruits rank second only to grapes in world fruit production. Citrus production was estimated in 1985 at a total of approximately 60 million metric tons (FAO 1985). Oranges comprise the most important Citrus product in world trade, followed by grapefruit, mandarins (which have recently increased, especially on the European market) and lemons. In addition to fresh fruits, large quantities of sweet orange, grapefruit and mandarin are processed into juice, concentrates, squashes and other products.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barrett HC (1977) Intergeneric hybridization of Citrus and other genera in Citrus variety improvement. Proc Int Soc Citric 1977, 2:586–589
Barrett HC, Rhodes AM (1976) A numerical taxonomic study of affinity relationships in cultivated Citrus and its close relatives. Syst Bot 1:105–136
Ben-Hayyim G, Neumann H (1983) Stimulatory effect of glycerol on growth and somatic embryogenesis in Citrus callus cultures. Z Pflanzenphysiol 110:331–337
Burger DW, Hackett WP (1982) The isolation, culture and division of protoplasts from Citrus cotyledons. Physiol Plant 56:324–328
Button J (1978) The effect of some carbohydrates on the growth and organization of Citrus ovular callus. Z Pflanzenphysiol 88:61–68
Button J, Kochba J (1977) Tissue culture in the Citrus industry (refs p 207–248). In: Reinert J, Bajaj YPS (eds) Applied and fundamental aspects of plant cell, tissue, and organ culture. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 70–92
Cameron JW, Frost HB (1968) Genetic breeding and nucellar embryony, Vol II. In: Reuther W, Batchelor LD, Webber HJ (eds) The Citrus industry. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp 325–381
Cooper C, Chapot H (1977) Fruit production with special emphasis on fruit for processing, Vol II. In: Nagy S, Show PE, Veldhuis MK (eds) Citrus science and technology. AVI Publ, Westport, pp 1–27
FAO (1985) Production yearbook. FAO Rome 39:194–196
Frost HB, Soost RK (1968) Seed production: development of gametes and embryos, Vol II. In: Reuther W, Batchelor LD, Webber HJ (eds) The Citrus industry. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp 292–334
Galun E, Aviv D (1983) Cytoplasmic hybridization. In: Evans DA, Sharp WR, Ammirato PV, Yamada Y (eds) Handbook of Plant CeU Culture, Vol I. Macmillan, New York, pp 358–392
Galun E, Aviv D (1986) Organelle transfer. Methods in Enzymology 118:595–611
Galun E, Aviv D, Raveh D, Vardi A, Zelcer A (1977) Protoplasts in studies of cell genetics and morphogenesis. In: Barz W, Reinhard E, Zenk MH (eds) Plant tissue culture and its bio-technological application. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 302–312
Gmitter FG, Moore GA (1986) Plant regeneration from undeveloped ovules and embryogenic calli of Citrus: Embryo production, germination and plant survival. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 6:139–147
Green RM, Vardi A, Galun E (1986) The plastome of Citrus: Physical map, variation among Citrus cultivars and species and comparison with related genera. Theor Appl Genet 72:170–177
Hensz RA (1971) Star Ruby, a new deep-red-fleshed grapefruit variety with distinct tree characteristics. J Rio Grande Val Hortic Soc 25:54–58
Hidaka T, Yamada Y, Shichijo T (1979) In vitro differentiation of haploid plants by anther culture in Poncirus trifoliata. Jpn J Breed 29:248–254
Iwamasa M (1966) Study on sterility in genus Citrus with special reference to the seedlessness. Bull Hortic Res Stn Jpn (Ser B) 6:1–77
Kobayashi S, Uchimiya H, Ikeda I (1983) Plant regeneration from Trovita orange protoplasts. Jpn J Breed 33:119–122
Kobayashi S, Ikeda I, Nakatani M (1984) Induction of nucellar callus from orange (Citrus sinensis Osb.) ovules and uniformity of regenerated plants (Japanese with English abstract). Bull Fruit Tree Res Stn Ser E (AWtsu) 5:32–54
Kobayashi S, Ikeda I, Uchimiya H (1985) Conditions for high frequency embryogenesis from orange (Citrus sinensis Osb.) protoplasts. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 4:249–259
Kochba J, Spiegel-Roy P (1973) Effect of culture media on embryoid formation from ovular callus of Shamouti orange (Citrus sinensis). Z Pflanzenziicht 69:156–162
Kochba J, Spiegel-Roy P, Saad S, Neumann H (1978) Stimulation of embryogenesis in Citrus tissue culture by galactose. Naturwissenschaften 65:261
Kochba J, Spiegel-Roy P, Safran H (1972) Adventive plants from ovules and nucelli in Citrus. Planta 106:237–245
Murashige T, Tucker DPH (1969) Growth factor requirement of Citrus tissue culture. In: Chapman HD (ed) Proc 1st Int Citrus Symp Vol 3, Riverside CA, pp 1155–1161
Ochatt SJ, Caso OH (1986) Shoot regeneration from leaf mesophyll protoplasts of wild pear (Pyrus communis var. Pyraster L.). J Plant Physiol 122:243–249
Ohgawara D, Kobayashi S, Ohgawara E, Uchimiya H, Ishii S (1985) Somatic hybrid plants obtained by protoplast fusion between Citrus sinensis and Poncirus trifoliata. Theor Appl Genet 71:1–4
Soost RK (1964) Self-incompatibility in Citrus grandis (Linn.) Osbeck. Proc Am Soc Hortic Sci 84:137–140
Swingle WT, Reece PC (1967) The botany of Citrus and wild relatives, Vol I. In: Reuther W, Batchelor LD, Webber JH (eds) The Citrus Industry. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp 190–430
Vardi A (1977) Isolation of protoplasts in Citrus. Proc Int Soc Citric 1977, 2:575–578
Vardi A (1981) Protoplast-derived plants from different Citrus species and cultivars. Proc Int Soc Citric 1981, 1:149–152
Vardi A, Raveh D (1976) Cross feeder experiments between tobacco and orange protoplasts. Z Pflanzenphysiol 78:350–359
Vardi A, Spiegel-Roy P (1978) Citrus breeding, taxonomy and the species problem. Proc Int Soc Citric 1978, 1:51–57
Vardi A, Spiegel-Roy P, Galun E (1975) Citrus cell culture: Isolation of protoplasts, plating densities, effect of mutagens and regeneration of embryos. Plant Sci Lett 4:231–236
Vardi A, Spiegel-Roy P, Galun E (1982) Plant regeneration from Citrus protoplasts: Variability in methodological requirements among cultivars and species. Theor Appl Genet 62:171–176
Vardi A, Hutchinson DJ, Galun E (1986) A protoplast-to-tree system in Microcitrus based on protoplasts derived from sustained embryogenic callus. Plant Cell Rep 5:412–414
Vardi A, Breiman A, Galun E (1987) Citrus cybrids: Production by donor-recipient protoplast-fusion and verification by mitochondrial-DNA restriction profiles. Theor Appl Genet 75:51–58
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vardi, A., Galun, E. (1989). Isolation and Culture of Citrus Protoplasts. In: Bajaj, Y.P.S. (eds) Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering I. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, vol 8. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73614-8_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73614-8_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-73616-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-73614-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive