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Central Control of Anterior Pituitary Function

  • Chapter
Catecholamines II

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 90 / 2))

Abstract

Although the anterior pituitary lacks neuronal innervation, its hormonal secretions are controlled precisely by the overlying brain. The anatomic observation by Wislocki and King (1936) of a blood circulation from the mediobasal hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary prompted Harris (1948), on the basis of direct observations of the direction of blood flow, to formulate the portal vessel-chemotransmitter hypothesis. This proposal statet that the hypothalamus secretes regulatory factors into the portal capillaries of the median eminence which are transported to the anterior pituitary to regulate its hormonal output. The hypothalamic regulatory factors are released from tuberoinfundibular neurons which are distributed throughout the basal hypothalamus—the term hypophysiotropic area defines this area. In research spanning four decades, five of the hypothalamic hormones have been identified as small peptides. These include thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), somatotropin-release inhibiting factor (somatostatin or SRIF), growth hormone releasing factor (GRF), and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Dopamine, a catecholamine, is now accepted as a prolactin release-inhibiting factor (PIF), to comprise the sixth factor identified. In addition, extracts from hypothalamus have been reported to have activity which indicates the presence of a prolactin releasing factor (PRF).

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  1. M. A. Arnold
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  2. J. B. Martin
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  1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of WĂĽrzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, D-8700, WĂĽrzburg, Germany

    U. Trendelenburg (Professor Dr.) (Professor Dr.)

  2. Department of Pharmacology, Colorado University, Medical Center, 4200 East Ninth Street, 80262, Denver, CO, USA

    N. Weiner (Professor Dr.) (Professor Dr.)

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Arnold, M.A., Martin, J.B. (1989). Central Control of Anterior Pituitary Function. In: Trendelenburg, U., Weiner, N. (eds) Catecholamines II. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 90 / 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73551-6_3

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