Abstract
Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes appears to utilize the same mechanisms that have been described in prokaryotic systems, namely the interaction of regulatory proteins with specific sequences near the regulated promoters. Examples of such regulatory proteins are the T-antigen of SV40 (see Schlokat and Gruss, this Vol.), the protein that regulates heat shock gene expression and the steroid hormone receptors. This chapter discusses DNA sequences that bind steroid hormone receptors, mechanisms of transcriptional activation by these receptors and the role of chromatin configuration in this process.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ahe D von der, Janich S, Scheidereit C, Renkawitz R, Schütz G, Beato M (1985) Glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors bind to the same sites in two hormonally regulated promoters. Nature 313: 706–709
Ahe D von der, Renoir JM, Buchou T, Baulieu EE, Beato M (1986) The receptors for glucocorticosteroid and progesterone recognize distinct features with a DNA regulatory element. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 2817–2821
Aiba H (1983) Autoregulation of the E. coli crp gene: CRP is a transcriptional repressor of its own gene. Cell 32: 141–149
Beato M (1986) Interaction of steroid hormone receptors with DNA. In: Thompson EB, Papaconstantinou J (eds) DNA-protein interactions and gene regulation. Univ of Texas Press (in press)
Birnberg NC, Lissitzky JC, Hinman M, Herbert E (1983) Glucocorticoids regulate proopiomelanocortin gene expression in vivo at the levels of transcription and secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 6982–6986
Brown D (1984) The role of stable complexes that repress and activate eukaryotic genes. Cell 37: 359–365
Cato ACB, Geisse S, Wenz M, Westphal HM, Beato M (1984) The nucleotide sequences recognized by the glucocorticoid receptor in the rabbit uteroglobin gene are located far upstream from the initiation of transcription. EMBO J 3: 2731–2736
Cato ACB, Miksicek R, Schütz G, Arnemann J, Beato M (1986) The hormone regulatory element of mouse mammary tumour virus mediates progesterone induction. EMBO J (in press)
Chandler VL, Maler BA, Yamamoto KR (1983) DNA sequences bound specifically by glucocorticoid receptor in vitro render a heterologous promoter hormone responsive in vivo. Cell 33: 489–499
DeFranco D, Yamamoto K (1986) Two different factors act separately or together to specify functionally distinct activities at a single transcriptional enhancer. Mol Cell Biol 6: 993–1001
Eberwine JH, Roberts JL (1984) Glucocorticoid regulation of proopiomelanocortin gene transcription in the rat pituitary. J Biol Chem 259: 2166–2170
Herr W (1985) Diethyl pyrocarbonate: a chemical probe for secondary structure in negatively supercoiled DNA. Proc Natl. Acad Sci USA 82: 8009–8013
Hollenberg SM, Weinberger C, Ong ES, Cerelli G, Oro A, Lebo R, Thompson EB, Rosenfeld MG, Evans RM (1985) Primary structure and expression of a functional human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA. Nature 318: 635–641
Israel A, Cohen SN (1985) Hormonally mediated negative regulation of human pro-opiomelanocortin gene expression after transfection in mouse L-cells. Mol Cell Biol 5: 2443–2453
Johnston BH, Rich A (1985) Chemical probes of DNA conformation: detection of Z-DNA at nucleotide resolution. Cell 42: 713–724
Karin M, Haslinger A, Holtgreve H, Richards RI, Krauter P, Westphal HM, Beato M (1984) Characterization of DNA sequences through which cadmium and glucocorticoid hormones induce human metallothionein IIA-gene. Nature 308: 513–519
King WJ, Greene GL (1984) Monoclonal antibodies localize oestrogen receptor in the nuclei of target cells. Nature 307: 745–747
Kirchhausen T, Wang JC, Harrison SC (1985) DNA gyrase and its complexes with DNA: Direct observation by electron microscopy. Cell 41: 933–943
Liu FL, Wang JC (1978) Micrococcus luteus DNA gyrase: Active components and a model for its supercoiling of DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 2098–2102
Miesfeld R, Okret S, Wikström AC, Wrange Ö, Gustafsson JA, Yamamoto KR (1984) Characterization of a steroid hormone receptor gene and mRNA in wild-type and mutant cells. Nature 312: 779–781
Miksicek R, Heber A, Schmid W, Danesch U, Posseckert G, Beato M, Schutz G (1986) Glucocorticoid responsiveness of the transcriptional enhancer of Moloney murine sarcoma virus. Cell 46: 283–290
Ponta H, Kennedy N, Skroch P, Hynes NE, Groner B (1985) Hormonal response region in the mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat can be dissociated from the proviral promoter and has enhancer properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 1020–1024
Renkawitz R, Schütz G, von der Ahe D, Beato M (1984) Identification of hormone regulatory elements in the promoter region of the chicken lysozyme gene. Cell 37: 503–510
Scheidereit C, Beato M (1984) Contacts between receptor and DNA double helix within a glucocorticoid regulatory element of mouse mammary tumor virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 3029–3033
Scheidereit C, Geisse S, Westphal HM, Beato M (1983) The glucocorticoid receptor binds to defined nucleotide sequences near the promoter of mouse mammary tumour virus. Nature 304: 749–752
Scheidereit C, Westphal HM, Carlson C, Bosshard H, Beato M (1986) Molecular model of the interaction between the glucocorticoid receptor and the regulatory elements of inducible genes. DNA (in press)
Slater EP, Rabenau O, Karin M, Baxter JD, Beato M (1986) Glucocorticoid receptor binding and activation of a heterologous promoter in response to dexamethasone by the first intron of the human growth hormone gene. Mol Cell Biol 5: 2984–2992
Takahashi K, Bigneron M, Matthes H, Wildeman A, Zenke M, Chambon P (1986) Requirement of stereospecific alignments for initiation from the simian virus 40 early promoter. Nature 319: 121–126
Weinberger C, Hollenberg SM, Ong ES, Harmon JM, Brower ST, Cidlowski J, Thompson EB, Rosenfeld MG, Evans RM (1985a) Identification of human glucocorticoid receptor complementary DNA clones by epitope selection. Science 728: 740–742
Weinberger C, Hollenberg SM, Rosenfeld MG, Evans RM (1985b) Domain structure of human glucocorticoid receptor and its relationship to the v-erb A oncogene product. Nature 318: 670–672
Weintraub H (1985) Assembly and propagation of repressed and derepressed chromosomal states. Cell 42: 705–711
Weintraub H, Larsen A, Groudine M (1981) a-Globin-gene switching during the development of chicken embryos: expression and chromosome structure. Cell 24: 333–344
Welshons WV, Lieberman ME, Gorski J (1984) Nuclear localization of unoccupied oestrogen receptors. Nature 307: 747–749
Zaret KS, Yamamoto KR (1984) Reversible and persistent changes in chromatin structure accompany activation of a glucocorticoid-dependent enhancer element. Cell 38: 29–38
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1986 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Beato, M. (1986). Regulation of Gene Expression by Steroid Hormones. In: Kahn, P., Graf, T. (eds) Oncogenes and Growth Control. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73325-3_29
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73325-3_29
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-18760-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-73325-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive