Abstract
Before using surfactant preparations in animal experiments or in clinical trials, it is necessary that they fulfill specific physical properties [5, 9]. Some of these essential physical requirements for an effective lung surfactant have been reviewed by many workers [1, 4, 7, 27]. However, different clinical results concerning arterial oxygen tension have been reported. A marked improvement in arterial oxygen tension after surfactant replacement has been reported by Fujiwara et al. [6], whereas no effect on arterial oxygen tension was observed by Milner et al. [22], Morley et al. [23] and Wilkinson et al. [32]. All these workers used a surfactant which was highly effective in in vitro studies. This poses the question as to whether the physical characteristics of surfactant, obtained through in vitro studies, can be also be considered as a method of testing a preparation which has to be physiologically active in the lung.
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
- Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- Pulmonary Surfactant
- Arterial Oxygen Tension
- Viral Pneumonia
- Peak Airway Pressure
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
Bangham AD, Morley CJ, Phillips MC (1979) The properties of an effective lung surfactant. Biochim. Biophys Acta 573: 552–556
Berggren P, Curstedt T, Grossman G, Nilsson R, Robertson B (1985) Physiological activity of pulmonary surfactant with low protein content; effect of enrichment with synthetic phospholipids. Exp Lung Res 8: 29–51
Bergmann K CH, Lachmann B, Noack K (1984) Lung mechanics in orally immunized mice after aerolized exposure to influenza virus. Respiration 46: 218–221
Clements JA (1977) Functions of the alveolar lining. Am Rev Respir Dis 115: 67–71
Fujiwara T, Tanaka Y, Takei Y (1979) Surface properties of artificial surfactant in comparison with natural and synthetic surfactant lipids. IRCS Med Sci 7: 311
Fujiwara T, Chida D, Watabe Y, Maeta H, Morita T, Abe T (1980) Artificial surfactant therapy in hyaline-membrane disease. Lancet 1: 55–59
Goerke J (1974) Lung surfactant. Biochim Biophys Acta 344: 241–261
Ikegami M, Adams FH, Towers B, Osher AB (1980) The quantity of natural surfactant necessary to prevent the respiratory distress syndrome in premature lambs. Pediatr Res 14: 1082–1085
King RJ and Clements JA (1972) Surface active materials from dog lung. II. Composition and physiological correlations. Am J Physiol 223: 715–726
Lachmann B, Fujiwara T, Chida S, Morita T, Konishi M, Nakamura K, Maeta H (1981) Improved gas exchange after tracheal instillation of surfactant in the experimental adult respiratory distress syndrome (abstract) Crit Care Med 9: 158
Lachmann B, Robertson B, Vogel J (1980) In vivo lung lavage as an experimental model of the respiratory distress syndrome. Acta Anaesth Scand 24: 231–236
Lachmann B (1982) Animal models for the in vivo testing of exogenous surfactant (abstract). Mackinac workshop on exogenous surfactant, October 6–9, 1982
Lachmann B, Jonson B, Lindroth M, Robertson B (1982) Modes of artificial ventilation in severe respiratory distress syndrome. Lung function and morphology in rabbits after wash-out of alveolar surfactant. Crit Care Med 10: 724–732
Lachmann B, Danzmann E, Haendly B, Jonson B (1982) Ventilator settings and gas exchange in respiratory distress syndrome. In: Prakash O (ed) Applied physiology in clinical respiratory care. Nijhoff, The Hague, pp 141–176
Lachmann B, Grossman G, Nilsson R, Robertson B (1981) Effect of supplementary surfactant on in vivo lung mechanics in the premature rabbit neonate. Eur J Pediatr 136: 173–179
Lachmann B, Grossman G, Freyse J, Robertson B (1981) Lung-thorax compliance in the artificially ventilated premature rabbit neonate in relation to variations in inspiration:expiration ratio. Pediatr Res 15: 833–838
Lachmann B (1986) New aspects in pathophysiology and therapy of respiratory distress syndrome: criteria for characterisation of exogenous surfactant in surfactant deficient animal models. In: Cosmi EV, Di Renzo GC (eds) Selected topics in perinatal medicine. Rome, CIC, pp 177–198
Lachmann B, Fujiwara T, Chida S, Morita T, Konishi M, Nakamura K, Maeta H (1983) Surfactant replacement therapy in the experimental adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In: Cosmi, Scarpelli (eds) Pulmonary surfactant system. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 231–235
Lachmann B, Berggren P, Curstedt T, Grossman G, Robertson B (1984) Surfactant replacement in experimental respiratory distress syndrome induced by lung lavage. Prog Resp Res 28:251–256 In: Robertson B, Van Golde LMG, Batenburg JJ (eds) Pulmonary surfactant.
Lachmann B, Danzmann E (1984) Adult respiratory distress syndrome. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 505–548
Metcalfe IL, Burgoyne R, Enhorning G (1982) Surfactant supplementation in the pre-term rabbit: effects of applied volume on compliance and survival. Pediatr Res 16: 834–839
Milner AD; Vyas H, Hopkin IE (1983) Effects of artificial surfactant on lung function and blood gases in idiopathic respiratory syndrome. Arch Dis Child 58: 458–460
Morley CJ, Miller N, Bangham AD, Davis JA (1981) Dry artificial lung surfactant and its effect on very premature babies. Lancet 1: 64–68
Nilsson R, Grossman G, Berggren P, Robertson B (1981) Surfactant treatment in experimental hyaline membrane disease. Eur J Respir Dis 62: 441–449
Noack K, Bergmann K CH, Eckert H, Luther P, Tischner H, Pohl WD (1982) Tierexperimentelles Modell einer aerogenen Influenza-Infektion. Z Erkrank Atm-Org 159: 155–165
Nohara K, Berggren P, Curstedt T, Grossman G, Nilsson R, Robertson B (1986) Correlation between physical and physiological properties of various preparations of lung surfactant. Eur J Respir Dis 69: 321–335
Notter RH, Taubold R, Mavis RD (1982) Hysteresis in saturated phospholipid films and its potential relevance for lung surfactant function in vivo. Exp Lung Res 3: 109–127
Obladen M, Kampmann W, Zimmerman I, Lachmann B (1984) Artificial surfactant in preterm rabbits with and without RDS: difference of in vitro and in vivo activity. Eur J Pediatr 144: 195–199
Robertson B (1980) Surfactant substitution; experimental models and clinical applications. Lung 158: 57–68
Robertson B, Lachmann B (1988) Experimental evaluation of surfactants for replacement therapy. Exp Lung Res 14: 279–310
Stinson SF, Ryan DP, Hertweck MS, Hardy JD, Hwang-Kow SY, Loosli CG (1976) Epithelial and surfactant changes in influenza) pulmonary lesions. Arch Pathol Lab Med 100: 147–153
Wilkinson AR, Jenkins PA, Jeffrey JA (1985) Two controlled trials of dry artificial surfactant: Early effects and later outcome in babies with surfactant deficiency. Lancet 2: 287–291
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Lachmann, B. (1988). In Vivo Tests for Evaluation of Pulmonary Surfactant. In: Lachmann, B. (eds) Surfactant Replacement Therapy. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73305-5_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73305-5_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-73307-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-73305-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive