Abstract
Drug-induced state-dependent learning and drug discriminations may be based on sensory stimuli induced by drug actions, or at least on events in the brain that have properties analogous tothose of sensory stimuli. A variety of comparisons between behavioral control by drug-induced stimuli and by classically defined interoceptive and exteroceptive stimuli are possible. These allow inferences to be made about the nature of drug stimuli, the properties of behavioral paradigms that we use to investigate them, and the mechanisms by which drugs achieve behavioral control in drug discrimination and state-dependent learning paradigms. Each of these topics is selectively reviewed in this paper.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Akins FR, Gouvier WD, Lyons JE (1980) Stimulus control along a drug-dose dimension. Bull Psychonomic Soc 15:33–34
Balster RL (1970) The effectiveness of external and drug produced internal stimuli in the discriminative control of operant behavior. Doctoral dissertation, University of Houston, Houston
Barry H III (1974) Classification of drugs according to their discriminable effects in rats. Fed Proc 33:1814–1824
Barry H III (1978) Stimulus attributes of drugs. In: Anisman H, Bignami G (eds) Psychopharmacology of aversively motivated behavior. Plenum, New York, pp 455–485
Bliss DK (1973) Dissociated learning and state-dependent retention induced by pentobarbital in rhesus monkeys. J Comp Physiol Psychol 84:149–161
Bliss DK (1974) Theoretical explanations of drug-dissociated behaviors. Fed Proc 33:1787–1796
Bliss DK, Sledjeski M, Leiman A (1971) State dependent choice behavior in the rhesus monkey. Neuropsychologia 9:51–59
Blough D, Blough P (1977) Animal psychophysics. In: Honig WK, Staddon JER (eds) Handbook of operant behavior. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, pp 514–539
Colpaert FC (1978) Discriminative stimulus properties of narcotic analgesic drugs. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 9:863–887
Colpaert FC, Janssen PA J (1982) Factors regulating drug cue sensitivity: the effects of dose ratio and absolute dose level in the case of fentanyl dose-dose discrimination. Arch Int Pharma- codyn Ther 258:283–299
Colpaert FC, Slangen JL (eds) (1982) Drug discrimination: applications in CNS pharmacology. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Colpaert FC, Niemegeers CJE, Janssen PAJ (1980 a) Factors regulating drug cue sensitivity: limits of discriminability and the role of a progressively decreasing training dose in fentanylsaline discrimination. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 212:474–480
Colpaert FC, Niemegeers CJE, Janssen PAJ (1980 b) Factors regulating drug cue sensitivity: the effect of training dose in fentanyl-saline discrimination. Neuropharmacology 19:705–713
Conger J J (1951) The effects of alcohol on conflict behavior in the albino rat. Q J Stud Alcohol 12:1–29
Connelly JF, Connelly JM, Epps JO (1973) Disruption of dissociated learning in a discrimination paradigm by emotionally-important stimuli. Psychopharmacologia 30:275–282
Connelly JF, Connelly JM, Phifer R (1975) Disruption of state-dependent learning (memory retrieval) by emotionally-important stimuli. Psychopharmacologia 41:139–143
Connelly JF, Connelly JM, Nevitt JR (1977) Effect of foot-shock intensity on amount of memory retrieval in rats by emotionally-important stimuli in a drug-dependent learning escape design. Psyehopharmacology 51:153–157
Downey DJ (1975) State-dependent learning with centrally and noncentrally active drugs. Bull Psychonom Soc 5:281–284
Duncan PM (1979) The effect of external stimulus change on ethanol-produced dissociation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 11:377–381
Eich JE (1977) State-dependent retrieval of information in human episodic memory. In: Birnbaum IM, Parker ES (eds) Alcohol and human memory. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp 141–157
Eich JE (1980) The cue-dependent nature of state-dependent retrieval. Memory Cogn 8:157–173
Eich JE, Birnbaum IM (1982) Repetition, cuing, and state-dependent memory. Memory Cogn 10:103–114
Eich JE, Weingartner H, Stillman RC, Gillin JC (1975) State-dependent accessibility of retrieval cues in the retention of a categorized list. J Verbal Learn Verbal Behav 14:408–417
Emmett-Oglesby MW, Wurst M, Lai H (1983) Discriminative stimulus properties of a small dose of cocaine. Neuropharmacology 22:97–101
Gardner EL, Glick SD, Jarvik ME (1972) ECS dissociation of learning and one-way cross-dissociation with physostigmine and scopolamine. Physiol Behav 8:11–15
Girden E, Culler EA (1937) Conditioned responses in curarized striate muscle in dog. J Comp Psychol 23:261–274
Greenberg I, Kuhn DM, Appel JB (1975) Behaviorally induced sensitivity to the discriminable properties of LSD. Psychopharmacologia 43:229–232
Harris RT, Balster RL (1971) An analysis of the function of drugs in the stimulus control of operant behavior. In: Thompson T, Pickens R (eds) Stimulus properties of drugs. Appleton-Cen-tury-Croft, New York, pp 111–132
Hazell P, Peterson DW, Laverty R (1978) Inability of hexamethonium to block the discriminative stimulus property of nicotine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 9:137–140
Hearst E (1983) Stimulus relationships and feature selection in learning and behavior. In: Roitblat HL, Bever TG, Terrace HS (eds) Animal cognition. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp 51–88
Hinderliter CF (1978) Hypothermia: amnesic agent, punisher, and conditions sufficient to attenuate amnesia. Physiol Psychol 6:23–28
Holmgren B (1964) Conditional avoidance reflex under pentobarbital. Bol Inst Estud Med Biol 22:21–38
Huang JT (1973) Amphetamine and pentobarbital effects on the discriminative response control by deprivation of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS). Fed Proc 32:786
Iwahara S, Noguehi S (1972) Drug-state dependency as a function of overtraining in rats. Jpn Psychol Res 14:141–144
Iwahara S, Noguehi S (1974) Effects of overtraining upon drug-state dependency in discrimination learning in white rats. Jpn Psychol Res 16:59–64
Järbe TUC, Henriksson BG (1973) Open-field behavior and acquisition of discriminative response control in delta-9-THC tolerant rats. Experientia 29:1251–1253
Järbe TUC, Holmgren B (1977) Discriminative properties of pentobarbital after repeated non-contingent exposure in gerbils. Psychopharmacology 53:39–44
Jarbe TUC, Laaksonen T, Svensson R (1983 a) Influence of exteroceptive contextual conditions upon internal drug stimulus control. Psychopharmacology 80:31–34
Jarbe TUC, Svensson R, Laaksonen T (1983b) Conditioning of a discriminative drug stimulus: overshadowing and blocking like procedures. Scand J Psychol 24:325–330
Jenkins HM, Sainsbury RS (1970) Discrimination learning with the distinctive feature on positive or negative trials. In: Mostofsky D (ed) Attention: contemporary theory and analysis. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, pp 239–275
Kilbey MM, Harris RT, Aigner TG (1971) Establishment of equivalent external and internal stimulus control of an operant behavior and its reversal. Proc Am Psychol Assoc 6:767–768
Lai H, (ed) (1977) Discriminative stimulus properties of drugs. Plenum, New York (Advances in behavioral biology, vol 22)
McKim WA (1976) The effects of pre-exposure to scopolamine on subsequent drug state discrimination. Psychopharmacology 47:153–155
Modrow HE, Salm A, Bliss DK (1982) Transfer of a learning set between drug states in monkeys. Psychopharmacology 77:37–42
Overton DA (1964) State-dependent or “dissociated” learning produced with pentobarbital. J Comp Physiol Psychol 57:3–12
Overton DA (1966) State-dependent learning produced by depressant and atropine-like drugs. Psychopharmacologia 10:6–31
Overton DA (1968 a) Dissociated learning in drug states (state-dependent learning). In: Efron DH, Cole JO, Levine J, Wittenbora R (eds) Psychopharmacology, a review of progress, 1957–1967. US Government Printing Office, Washington DC, pp 918–930
Overton DA (1968 b) Visual cues and shock sensitivity in the control of T-maze choice by drug conditions. J Comp Physiol Psychol 66:216–219
Overton DA (1971) Discriminative control of behavior by drug states. In: Thompson T, Pickens R (eds) Stimulus properties of drugs. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, pp 87–110
Overton DA (1972) State-dependent learning produced by alcohol and its relevance to alcoholism. In: Kissen B, Begleiter H (eds) The biology of alcoholism II: physiology and behavior. Plenum, New York, pp 193–217
Overton DA (1974) Experimental methods for the study of state dependent learning. Fed Proc 33:1800–1813
Overton DA (1977 a) Discriminable effects of antimuscarinics: dose response and substitution test studies. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 6:659–666
Overton DA (1977 b) Comparison of ethanol, pentobarbital, and phenobarbital using drug vs drug discrimination training. Psychopharmacology 53:195–199
Overton DA (1978 a) Status of research on state dependent learning-1978. In: Colpaert FC, Rosecrans JA (eds) Stimulus properties of drugs: ten years of progress. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 559–562
Overton DA (1978 b) Major theories of state dependent learning. In: Ho BT, Richards DW III, Chute DL (eds) Drug discrimination and state dependent learning. Academic, New York, pp 283–318
Overton DA (1979) Drug discrimination training with progressively lowered doses. Science 205:720–721
Overton DA (1982 a) Comparison of the degree of discriminability of various drugs using the T-maze drug discrimination paradigm. Psychopharmacology 76:385–395
Overton DA (1982 b) Memory retrieval failures produced by changes in drug state. In: Isaacson RL, Spear NE (eds) The expression of knowledge, neurobehavioral transformations of information into action. Plenum, New York, pp 113–139
Overton DA (1984) State dependent learning and drug discriminations. In: Iversen LL, Iversen SD, Snyder SH (eds) Handbook of psychopharmacology, vol 18. Plenum, New York, pp 59–127
Overton DA (1985) Contextual stimulus effects of drugs and internal states. In: Balsam PD, Tomie A (eds) Context and learning. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp 357–384
Overton DA (1987) Applications and limitations of the drug discrimination method. In: Bozarth MA (ed) Methods of assessing the reinforcing properties of abused drugs. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 291–340
Overton DA, Hayes MW (1984) Optimal training parameters in the two-bar fixed-ratio drug discrimination task. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 21:19–25
Overton DA, Ercole MA, Dutta P (1976) Discriminability of the postictal state produced by electroconvulsive shock. Physiol Psychol 4:207–212
Overton DA, Leonard WR, Merkle DA (1986) Methods for quantifying the discriminable effects of drugs. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 10:251–263
Petersen RC (1977) Retrieval failures in alcohol state-dependent learning. Psychopharmacology 55:141–146
Rauch RJ, Stolerman IP (1986) Interactions of midazolam with drugs acting on the GABA system tested through discriminative effects in rats. Paper read at European Behavioral Pharmacology Society workshop on transduction mechanisms for drug stimuli. Beerse, Belgium, July 1986
Riccio DC, Urda M, Thomas DR (1966) Stimulus control in pigeons based on proprioceptive stimuli from floor inclination. Science 153:434–436
Rilling M (1977) Stimulus control and inhibitory processes. In: Honig WK, Staddon JER (eds) Handbook of operant behavior. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, pp 432–480
Sachs E, Weingarten M, Klein NW Jr (1966) Effects of chlordiazepoxide on the acquisition of avoidance learning and its transfer to the normal state and other drug conditions. Psycho-pharmacologia 9:17–30
Schechter MD (1981) Rapid acquisition of a two-drug discrimination: time of day effect upon saline state. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 14:269–271
Schiffman HR (1982) Sensation and perception. Wiley, New York
Schuster CR, Balster RL (1977) Discriminative stimulus properties of drugs. In: Thompson T, Dews PB (eds) Advances in behavioral pharmacology, vol 1. Academic, New York, pp 85–138
Spear NE, Smith GJ, Bryan RG, Gordon WC, Timmons R, Chiszar DA (1980) Contextual influences on the interaction between conflicting memories in the rat. Animal Learning Behav 8:273–281
Stitzer ML, Griffiths RR, Bigelow GE, Liebson I (1981) Human social conversation: effects of ethanol, secobarbital and chlorpromazine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 14:353–360
Swanson JM, Kinsbourne M (1979) State-dependent learning and retrieval: methodological cautions and theoretical considerations. In: Kihlstrom JF, Evans FJ (eds) Functional disorders of memory. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp 275–299
White FJ, Appel JB (1982) Training dose as a factor in LSD-saline discrimination. Psychopharmacology 76:20–25
Winter JC (1975) The effects of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM), 2,5-dimethoxy- 4-ethylamphetamine (DOET), d-amphetamine, and cocaine in rats trained with mescaline as a discriminative stimulus. Psychopharmacologia 44:29–32
Winter JC (1977) Morphine and ethanol as discriminative stimuli: absence of antagonism by p- chlorophenylalanine methyl ester, cinanserin, or BC-105. Psychopharmacology 53:159–163
Zenick H, Goldsmith M (1981) Drug discrimination learning in lead-exposed rats. Science 212:569–571
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Overton, D.A. (1988). Similarities and Differences Between Behavioral Control by Drug-Produced Stimuli and by Sensory Stimuli. In: Colpaert, F.C., Balster, R.L. (eds) Transduction Mechanisms of Drug Stimuli. Psychopharmacology Series, vol 4. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73223-2_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73223-2_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-73225-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-73223-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive