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Lipid Mediators and Lymphocyte Function

  • Chapter
The Pharmacology of Lymphocytes

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 85))

Abstract

The recognition that simple lipids are capable of modulating immune responses is a relatively recent development, which has led to an explosive growth in research over the last decade. The lipids involved are all directly or indirectly dependent on the intake of specific polyunsaturated fatty acids, the so-called essential fatty acids (EFAs), in the diet. The essentiality of these fatty acids lies in the fact that they cannot be synthesized by mammalian tissues. The dietary EFA of greatest importance for immunomodulatory lipid mediators is linoleic acid (18:2)1 the precursors of the ω6 family of EFAs (first double bond at carbon-atom 6), from which γ-linolenic acid (18:3) and arachidonic acid (20:4) are synthesized (Fig. 1). Arachidonic acid is mainly incorporated into the 2 position of membrane phospholipids, from which it is released by hydrolysis (e.g., by phospholipase A2) on membrane stimulation. This free arachidonic acid is then available for metabolic conversion by a number of enzymatic pathways (Fig. 1).

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  1. M. J. Parnham
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  2. W. Englberger
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  1. Research Department, CIBA-GEIGY AG, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland

    Michael A. Bray Ph. D.

  2. Pharmaceutical Division, Preclinical Research, SANDOZ Ltd., CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland

    John Morley Ph. D., FRC Path.

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Parnham, M.J., Englberger, W. (1988). Lipid Mediators and Lymphocyte Function. In: Bray, M.A., Morley, J. (eds) The Pharmacology of Lymphocytes. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 85. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73217-1_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73217-1_16

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