Abstract
Immunotherapeutics are empirically defined as natural or synthetic pharmacologic agents which mediate therapeutic benefit through their ability to modulate some aspect of immune function. Recently, interest in immunotherapeutic agents has increased, primarily owing to a rapidly expanding knowledge of the immune system and to an awareness that many important human diseases are associated with abnormal immune function of pathologic significance (Aiuti et al. 1986). This has led to the emergence of immunopharmacology as a recognized scientific discipline. This field encompasses the pharmacologic regulation of immune responses, the development of immunologically based assays and their research and development applications, the preparation and utilization of monoclonal antibodies and cytokines as pharmacologic tools and therapeutic agents, and the discovery and development of immunotherapeutic agents. The immunopharmacologist must conjoin fundamental pharmacology with modern immunology in an attempt to determine the biologic and biochemical effects of synthetic and natural products on immune responsiveness, elucidate the mechanism (or mechanisms) through which such effects are mediated, and evaluate the clinical potential of such agents (Chirigos and Talmadge 1985).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adams DO, Hamilton TA (1984) The cell biology macrophage activation. Ann Rev Immunol 2: 283–318
Aiuti F, Rosen F, Cooper MD (1986) Recent advances in primary and acquired immunodeficiencies. Serono Symp Ser 28: 1–434
Amery WK (1981) Cancer immunotherapy: some critical comments regarding immunological monitoring. Int J Immunopharmacol 3: 339–348
Auron PE, Webb A, Rosenwasser LJ, Mucci SF, Rich A, Wolff S, Dinarello CA (1984) Nucleotide sequence of human monocyte interleukin 1 precursor DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 7907–7911
Bach JF, Chatenoud L (1982) The significance of T cell subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies in human diseases. Ann Immunol 133: 131–136
Bakke A, Kinkland PA, Kitridou RC, Quismorio FP, Rea T, Ehresmann GR, Horowitz DA (1983) T-lymphocyte subsets in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 26: 745–750
Chang J, Gilman SC, Lewis AJ (1986) Interleukin 1 activates phospholipase A2 in rabbit chondrocytes: a possible signal for IL 1 action. J Immunol 136: 1283–1287
Chirigos MA, Talmadge JE (1985) Immunotherapeutic agents: their role in cellular immu-nity and their therapeutic potential. Springer Semin Immunopathol 8: 327–346
Cunningham AJ, Szenberg A (1968) Further improvements in the plaque technique for detecting single antibody-forming cells. Immunology 14: 599–600
Dillman RO, Koziol JA (1983) Statistical approach to immunosuppression classification using lymphocyte surface markers and functional assays. Cancer Res 43: 417–421
Dinarello CA (1984) Interleukin 1. Rev Infect Dis 6: 51–95
Dorf ME, Benacerraf B (1984) Suppressor cells and immunoregulation. Ann Rev Immunol 2: 127–158
Duke O, Panayi GS, Janossy G, Poulter LW, Tidman N (1983) Analysis of T-cell subsets in the peripheral blood and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis by means of monoclonal antibodies. Ann Rheum Dis 42: 357–361
Eilber FR, Nizze JA, Morton DL (1975) Sequential evaluation of general immune competence in cancer patients: correlation with clinical course. Cancer 55: 660–665
Farrar JJ, Benjamin WR, Cheng L, Pawson BA (1984) Interleukin 2. Ann Rep Med Chem 19: 191–200
Farrar WL, Taguchi M (1985) Interleukin 2 stimulation of protein kinase C membrane as- sociation: evidence for IL-2 receptor phosphorylation. Lymphokine Res 4: 87–93
Fathman CG (1982) Regulation of the immune response. In: Luderer AA, Weetal HH (eds) Clinical cellular immunology — molecular and therapeutic reviews. Humana, New Jersey, pp 31–66
Gearing AJH, Johnstone AP, Thorpe R (1985) Production and assay of the interleukins. J Immunol Methods 83: 1–27
Gilman SC (1984) Lymphokines in immunological aging. Lymphokine Res 3:117–123 Gilman SC, Lewis AJ (1985) Immunomodulatory drugs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In: Rainsford KD (ed) Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic drugs, vol 3. CRC Press, Florida, pp 127–154
Gilman SC, Lewis AJ (1986) Immunopharmacological approaches to drug development. In: Williams M, Malick JB (eds) Drug discovery and development. Humana, New Jersey, pp 227–256
Goldstein AL, Low TLK, Thurman GB, Zatz M, Hall NR, McClure JE, Hu SK, Schulof RS (1982) Thymosins and other hormone-like factors of the thymus gland. In: Mihich E (ed) Immunological approaches to cancer therapeutics. Wiley, New York, pp 137–190
Hansen JM, Rumjanek VM, Morley J (1982) Mediators of cellular immune reactions. Pharmacol Ther 17: 165–198
Herberman RB (1985) Design of clinical trials with biological response modifiers. Cancer Treat Rep 69: 1161–1164
Herberman RB, Holden HT (1978) Natural cell-mediated immunity. Adv Cancer Res 27: 305–377
Hurst N, Nuki G (1981) The macrophage — origins, functions, and role in the rheumatoid diseases. In: Dick WC (ed) Immunological aspects of rheumatology. Elsevier/NorthHolland, New York, pp 183–207
Lewis AJ, Gilman SC (1987) Actions of novel immunoregulants useful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis as may be relevant to their toxicity. In: Rainsford KD, Velo GP (eds) Toxicity of antiinflammatory and antirheumatic drugs. Part II. Studies in major organ systems. MTP Press, Lancaster, VK, pp 253–269, CRC Press, Florida
Lewis AJ, Parker H, Diluigi J, Datko L, Carlson RP (1981–82) Immunomodulation of delayed hypersensitivity to methylated bovine serum albumin in mice using subliminal and normal sensitization procedures. J Immunopharmacol 3:289–307
Lewis AJ, Carlson RP, Chang J (1985) Experimental models of inflammation. In: Bonta IL, Bray MA, Parnham MJ (eds) The pharmacology of inflammation. Elsevier, New York, pp 371–397 (Handbook of inflammation, vol 5 )
March CB, Mosley B, Larsen A, Cerretti P, Braedt V, Prive V, Gillis S, Henney CS, Kronheim SR, Grabstein K, Conlon PJ, Hopp TP, Cosman D (1985) Cloning, sequence, and expression of two distinct human interleukin 1 complementary DNAs. Nature 315: 641–647
Merluzzi VJ, Last-Barney K (1985) Potential use of human interleukin 2 as an adjunct for the therapy of neoplasia, immunodeficiency and infections disease. J Biol Response Mod 7: 31–39
Morimoto C, Schlossman SF, Reinherz EL (1983) Use of monoclonal antibodies in the study of autoimmunity and immunodeficiency. In: Haynes BF, Eisenbath GS (eds) Monoclonal antibodies. Academic, Florida, pp 1–21
Olsson L (1983) Monoclonal antibodies in clinical immunobiology. Derivation, potential and limitations. Allergy 38: 145–154
Parker CW (1973) The immunotherapy of cancer. Pharmacol Rev 25: 325–342
Pinskey CM (1985) Applicability of phase I trial results in the design of phase II and III biological response modifier trials. Cancer Treat Rep 69: 1171–1173
Reinherz EL, Schlossman SF (1980) The differentiation and function of human T lymphocytes. Cell 19: 821–827
Reisfeld RA, Sell S (1985) Monoclonal antibodies and cancer therapy. Liss, New York, pp 1–585
Renoux G (1980) Trends in immunopotentiation. Int J Immunopharmacol 2: 1–6
Renoux G (1986) Characterization of immunotherapeutic agents: the example of imuthiol. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 8: 45–50
Robb RJ (1984) Interleukin 2• the molecule and its function. Immunol Today 5: 203–209
Rocklin RE, Hemady Z, Matloff S, Kiselis I, Lima M (1984) Correction of an in vitro immunoregulatory defect in atopic subjects by the immunostimulatory drug fanetizole mesylate (CP-48,410). Int J Immunopharmacol 6: 1–8
Rogers CM, Rogers TJ, Gilman SC (1985) Effects of Wy-18,251 (3 p-chlorophenyl)thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazole-2-acetic acid), levamisole and indomethacin on the generation of murine T suppressor cells in vitro. J Immunopharmacol 7: 479–488
Roitt IM, Male D, Young A, Jones M, Nivehaus L, Corbett M, Hay FC (1982) Autoimmune phenomena in rheumatoid arthritis. Adv Inflammation Res 3: 49–58
Rosenberg SA, Lotze MT, Murl LM, Leitman S, Chang AE, Ettinghauser SE, Matory YL, Skibbe JM, Shiloni E, Vetto JT (1985) Observations on the administration of autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin-2 to patients with metastatic cancer. N Engl J Med 313: 1485–1492
Rubin BY, Anderson SL, Sullivan SA, Williamson BD, Carswell EA, Old LJ (1985) High affinity binding of ‘I-labeled human tumor necrosis factor ( LuKII) to specific cell surface receptors. J Exp Med 162: 1099–1104
Scheinberg MA, Santos L, Mendes N, Musatti C (1978) Decreased lymphocyte response to PHA, Con-A, and calcium ionophore (A23187) in patients with RA and SLE, and reversal with levamisole in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 21: 326–329
Sigel MM, Ghaffer A, Paul R, Licher W, Wellham L, McCumber LJ, Huggins EM Jr (1982) Immunosuppressive agents — their action on inductive and regulatory pathways. The differential effects of agents used clinically and experimentally in the treatment of cancer. In: Luderer AA, Weetal HH (eds) Clinical cellular immunology — molecular and therapeutic reviews. Humana, New Jersey, pp 145–211
Siskind GW, Christian CL, Litwin SD (1975) Immune depression and cancer. Grune and Stratton, New York, pp 1–209
Sorkin E, Del Ray A, Besedovsky HO (1981) Neuroendocrine control of the immune response. In: Steinberg CM, Lefkovits I (eds) The immune system, vol 1. Karger, Basel, pp 340–357
Steinberg AD (1973) Efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs in rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Rheum 16: 92–96
Strander H, Einhorn S (1982) Interferon and cancer: faith, hope and reality. Am J Clin On-col 5: 297–301
Talmadge JE, Herberman (1986) The preclinical screening laboratory: evaluation of immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties of biological response modifiers. Cancer Treat Rep 70: 171–182
Talmadge JE, Benedict KL, Uithoven KA, Lenz BF (1984 a) The effect of experimental conditions on the assessment of T cell immunomodulation by biological response modifiers (thymosin fraction five). Immunopharmacology 7:17–26
Talmadge JE, Oldham RK, Fidler IJ (1984 b) Practical considerations for the establishment of a screening procedure for the assessment of biological response modifiers. J Biol Response Mod 3:88–102
Urbaniak SJ, White AG, Barclay GR, Wood SM, Kay AB (1979) Tests of immune function. In: Weir DM (ed) Application of immunological methods. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 47.1–47.3 (Handbook of experimental immunology, vol 3 )
Veys E, Hermanns P, Goldstein G, Kung PC, Schindler J, Symoens J, Van Wauve J (1982) T-cell subpopulations determined by monoclonal antibodies in RA. Influence of immunomodulating agents. Adv Inflammation Res 3: 155–164
Wofsy D (1985) Strategies for treating autoimmune disease with monoclonal antibodies. West J Med 143: 804–809
Zalcberg JR (1985) Monoclonal antibodies to drugs: novel diagnostic and therapeutic reagents. Pharmacol Ther 28: 273–285
Zvaifler NJ (1973) The immunopathology of joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Adv Immunol 16: 265–301
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gilman, S.C., Maguire, R.T., Lewis, A.J. (1988). Screening Strategies for Detecting Immunotherapeutic Agents. In: Bray, M.A., Morley, J. (eds) The Pharmacology of Lymphocytes. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 85. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73217-1_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73217-1_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-73219-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-73217-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive