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The Pharmacology of Lymphocytes pp 291–318Cite as

Generation, Biology, and Assay of Efferent Lymphokines

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Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 85))

Abstract

To the novice, the immune system presents itself as an extremely complex network of cellular and humoral interactions. This inherent complexity is a reflection of the external world that, by a large variety of attack systems, constantly threatens the integrity of the body. In order to cope with a diverse group of invaders and nonself agents, the immune system had to adapt accordingly and was forced to develop efficient recognition and defense systems (Chap. 1). Among these immunologically specific and nonspecific reactions in both the cellular and humoral compartments, there is a considerable degree of cooperation that requires precise regulation. Beside the well-studied generation of help and suppression in the T and B lymphocyte compartments, it has only recently been fully recognized that non-antibody products of lymphocytes (lymphokines) and macrophages (monokines) may play a prominent role during the induction, maintenance, and effector phases of an immune response. Although lymphokines were first detected in lymphocyte culture supernatants only 20 years ago, this field of immunology has suffered until recently from the lack of a clear biochemical definition of the materials that were generated and employed in a variety of test systems. Usually, a certain lymphokine was named according to a functional response that it generated in a particular in vitro assay. This resulted in a multitude of different names and postulated factors. With the advent of gene technology, it has been possible to improve the characterization of some lymphokines in biochemical terms. This progress has permitted a better study of lymphokine effects in various stages of the immune response.

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  1. D. Gemsa
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  1. Research Department, CIBA-GEIGY AG, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland

    Michael A. Bray Ph. D.

  2. Pharmaceutical Division, Preclinical Research, SANDOZ Ltd., CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland

    John Morley Ph. D., FRC Path.

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Gemsa, D. (1988). Generation, Biology, and Assay of Efferent Lymphokines. In: Bray, M.A., Morley, J. (eds) The Pharmacology of Lymphocytes. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 85. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73217-1_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73217-1_12

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