Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Implications of Genetic/Molecular Evidence with Respect to Virulence/Avirulence of Fungal Wilt Pathogens

  • Conference paper
Vascular Wilt Diseases of Plants

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASIH,volume 28))

Abstract

This review deals with the genetics of virulence/avirulence in Verticillium albo-atrum, V. dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Any such study must take account of the complex interactions occurring between the vascular wilt fungus and its host; these involve different sequential events, host cells of distinct types and morphological/physiological changes in the pathogen, all within a single infection cycle. It is also necessary to draw on our rapidly developing understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying race-specific and ‘generalised’ resistance in host/parasite relationships generally and to see how far we can ‘fit’ these in to the available information for the vascular wilt fungi with their unique and complex ‘lifestyle’. The term pathogenicity is used here to denote the general capacity of a population of individual isolates of a pathogen (comprising a species, forma specialis or ‘strain’), to cause disease symptoms in a particular host. Virulence is used to indicate quantitatively the ability of a particular isolate or entity of a pathogen, to cause disease in a susceptible host under standard conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alexander LJ (1962) Susceptibility of certain Verticillium-resistant tomato varieties to an Ohio isolate of the pathogen. Phytopathology 52:998–1000

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbara DJ, Ashby SC and Morton A (1987) Double-stranded RNA in Verticillium albo-atrum Plant Pathology 36: 229–231

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beckman CH (1987) The nature of wilt diseases in plants. The American Phytopathology Society, pp 1–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell AA (1973) Nature of disease resistance. In Verticillium wilt of cotton. Proc Work Conf Nat Cotton Path Res Lab Texas 1971, ARS–s–19:47–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Bender CG and Shoemaker PB (1987) Prevalence and severity of Verticillium wilt of tomato and virulence of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. isolates in Western North Carolina. Proc Am Phytopath Soc (Abstr) 4, p 152

    Google Scholar 

  • Bosland PW and Williams PH (1987) An evaluation of Fusarium oxysporum from crucifers based on pathogenicity, isozyme polymorphism, vegetative compatibility and geographic origin. Can J Bot 65:2067–2073

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bushnell WR and Rowell JB (1981) Suppressors of defense reactions: a model for roles in specificity. Phytopathology 71: 1012–1014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carder JH, Hignett RC and Swinburne TR (1987) Relationship between the virulence of hop isolates of Verticillium albo–atrum and their in vitro secretion of cell–wall degrading enzymes. Physiol Mole-Plant Pathol 31:441–452

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cirulli M (1969) Un isolato di Verticillium dahliae Kleb. virulento verso varieta resistenti di pomorodoro. Phytopatol Mediterr 8:132–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarkson JM and Heale JB (1985a) Pathogenicity and colonisation studies on wild-type and auxotrophic isolates of Verticillium albo-atrum from hop. Plant Pathology 34:119–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarkson JM and Heale JB (1985b) Heterokaryon compatibility and genetic recombination within a host plant between hop wilt isolates of Verticillum albo–atrum. Plant Pathology 34:129–138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarkson JM and Heale JB (1985c) A preliminary investigation of the genetics of pathogenicity in hop wilt isolates of Verticillium albo-atrum. Trans Br mycol Soc 85:345–350

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coddington A, Mathews PM, Cullis C and Smith KH (1987) Restriction digest patterns of total DNA from different races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi - an improved method for race classification. J Phytopathol 118:9–20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Connell SA and Heale JB (1986) Development of an in vitro selection system for novel sources of resistance to Verticillium wilt in hops. In Withers L and Alderson (eds), Tissue Culture and Agriculture, Butterworths UK, pp 451–459

    Google Scholar 

  • Correll JC, Puhalla JE and Schneider RW (1986) Vegetative compatibility groups among non–pathogenic root–colonizing strains of Fusarium oxysporum. Can J Bot 64:2358–2361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daniels CH, Fristensky B, Wagoner W and Hadwiger LA (1987) Pea genes associated with non-host disease resistance to Fusarium are also active in race–specific disease resistance to Pseudomonas. Plant Mole Biol 8:309–316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elgersma DM (1980) Accumulation or rishitin in susceptible and resistant tomato plants after inoculation with Verticillium albo–atrum. Physiol Plant Pathol 16:149–153

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flor HH (1955) Host-parasite interaction in flax rust–its genetics and other implications. Phytopathology 45:680–685

    Google Scholar 

  • Flor HH (1971) Current status of the gene-for-gene concept. Annu Rev Phytopathol 9:275–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grogan RG, Ioannou N, Schneider RW, Sall MA and Kimble KA (1979) Verticillium wilt on resistant tomato cultivars in California: Virulence of isolates from plants and soil and relationship of inoculum density to disease incidence. Phytopathology 69: 1176–1180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison NA and Beckman CH (1987) Growth inhibitors associated with Fusarium wilt of tomato. Physiol Mole Plant Pathol 30: 401–420

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heale JB (1988) Verticillium spp., the cause of vascular wilts in many species. In Ingram DS and Williams PH (series eds), Advances in Plant Pathology, Vol 6, Sidhu GS (ed) Genetics of Pathogenic Fungi. Academic Press, London, pp 291–312

    Google Scholar 

  • Heath MC (1981) A generalized concept of host-parasite specificity. Phytopathology 71:1121–1123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kasyanenko AG and Portenko LG (1978) Somatic recombination as a source of new races of cotton Verticillium wilt causal agent. In Maksumov A (ed) Genetic variability of the wilt causing agent and prospects for increasing cotton wilt resistance. Donish Pub House, Dushanbe, USSR, pp 107–109 (in Russian, English summary)

    Google Scholar 

  • Katan T and Katan J (1988) Vegetative compatibility groupings of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum from tissue and the rhizosphere of cotton plants. Phytopathology (in Press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kearney B, Ronald PC, Dahlbeck D and Staskawicz BJ (1988) Molecular basis for evasion of plant host defence in bacterial spot disease of pepper. Nature 332:541–543

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kendra DF, Fristensky B, Daniels CH and Hadwiger LA (1987) Disease resistance response genes in plants: expression and proposed mechanisms of induction. In Arntzen CJ and Ryan C (eds) Molecular strategies for crop protection. Alan R Liss, Inc. New York, p 13

    Google Scholar 

  • Kistler HC and Leong SA (1986) Linear plasmid–like DNA in the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans. J Bacteriol 167:587–593

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kistler HC, Bosland PW, Benny UK, Leong SA and Williams PH (1987) Relatedness of strains of Fusarium oxysorum from crucifers measured by examination of mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA. Phytopathology 77:1289–1293

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kistler HC and Benny UK (1988) Genetic transformation of the fungal plant wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Curr Genet 12 (in Press)

    Google Scholar 

  • MacNeil BH, Romero-Munoz F and Chilton S (1980) Genetic recombination in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in vivo and in vitro. Phytopathology 70:465

    Google Scholar 

  • Manicom BQ, Bar-Joseph M, Rosner A, Vigodsky-Haas H and Kotze JM (1987) Potential applications of random DNA probes and restriction length polymorphisms in the taxonomy of the Fusaria. Phytopathology 77:669–672

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McGeary FM and Hastie AC (1982) Hybridisation of Verticillium albo–atrum strains from tomato and lucerne. Physiol Plant Pathol 21:437–444

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nachmias A, Buchner V, Tsror I, Burstein Y and Keen N (1987) Differential phytotoxicity of peptides from culture fluids of Verticillium dahliae Races 1 and 2 and their relationship to pathogenicity of the fungi on tomato. Phytopathology 77:506–510

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puhalla JE and Hummel M (1983) Vegetative compatibility groups within Verticillium dahliae. Phytopathology 73:1305–1308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Puhalla JE (1985) Classification of strains of Fusarium oxysporum on the basis of vegetative compatibility. Can J Bot 63:179–183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robb J, Powell DA and Street PFS (1987) Time course of wall–coating secretion in Verticilliurn–infected tomatoes. Physiol Mole Plant Pathol 31:217–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sewell GWF and Wilson JE (1984) The nature and distribution of Verticillium albo-atrum strains highly pathogenic to hop. Plant Pathology 33:39–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Typas MA and Heale JB (1978) Heterozygous diploid analyses in the parasexual cycle and a cytoplasmic pattern of inheritance in Verticillium spp. Genet Res Camb 31:131–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Typas MA (1983) Heterokaryon incompatibility and interspecific hybridisation between Verticillium albo–atrum and V. dahliae following protoplast fusion and microinjection. J gen Microbiol 129:3043–3056

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoder OC, Weltring K, Turgeon BG, Garber RC and VanEtten HD (1986) Technology for molecular cloning of fungal virulence genes. In Bailey JA (ed) Biology and Molecular Biology of Plant-Pathogen Interactions Springer, pp 371–384

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Cell and Molecular Sciences Group, Biosphere Sciences, King’s College London, Kensington Campus, Campden Hill, London, W8 7AH, UK

    J. B. Heale

Authors
  1. J. B. Heale
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Phytopathology, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55, Votanikos, Athens, Greece

    E. C. Tjamos

  2. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881-0804, USA

    C. H. Beckman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Heale, J.B. (1989). Implications of Genetic/Molecular Evidence with Respect to Virulence/Avirulence of Fungal Wilt Pathogens. In: Tjamos, E.C., Beckman, C.H. (eds) Vascular Wilt Diseases of Plants. NATO ASI Series, vol 28. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73166-2_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73166-2_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-73168-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-73166-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation