Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants I pp 367–387Cite as

Cinchona spp.: Micropropagation, and the In Vitro Production of Quinine and Quinidine

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry ((AGRICULTURE,volume 4))

Abstract

The commercial value of Cinchona comes almost entirely from the alkaloids, quinine and quinidine (Fig. 1), extracted from the bark: a subsidiary use for the remainder of the tree is as a fuel wood for fires.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Allan EJ, Scragg AH (1985) Growth characteristics of Cinchona ledgeriana L. in cell suspension cultures. Poster Phytochem Soc Eur Meet Plant products and the new technology, April 1985, Swansea.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson LA, Keene AT, Phillipson JD (1982) Alkaloid production by leaf organ, root organ and cell suspension cultures of Cinchona ledgeriana. Planta Med 46:25–27.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barraclough AJ (1985) Growth and production of alkaloids by Cinchona L. in vitro. M Phil Thesis, Council Nat Acad Awards (UK).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bassuk NC, Hunter LD, Howard BH (1981) An apparent involvement of polyphenol oxidase and phloridzin in the production of apple rooting cofactors. J Hortic Sci 56(4):313–322.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • British Pharmacopaeia (1973) HMSO, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chatterjee SK (1977) Availability of medicinal and aromatic plants in North East India with special reference to West Bengal. In: Atal CK, Kapur BM (eds) Cultivation and utilization of medicinal and aromatic plants. Region Res Lab, Jammu-Taawi, India, pp 485–487.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chatterjee SK, Lama IK (1977) Cultivation of Cinchona in West Bengal. In: Atal LL, Kapur BM (eds) Cultivation and utilization of medicinal and aromatic plants. Region Res Lab, Jammu-Taawi, India, pp 61–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chung C-T, Staba EJ (1984) Separation and quantitation of cinchona major alkaloids by high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 261:276–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Colbourne MJ (1981) Malaria prophylaxis with chloroquine. Lancet II(8259):1346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Amato F, Bennici A, Cionini PG, Baroncelli S, Lupi MC (1980) Nuclear fragmentation followed by mitosis as a mechanism for wide chromosome number variation in tissue cultures: its implications for plantlet regeneration. In: Sala F, Parisi R, Cella R, Ciferri O (eds) Plant cell cultures: results and perspectives. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, pp 67–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gamborg OL, Miller RA, Ojima K (1968) Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. Exp Cell Res 50:151–158.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gascon J, Soldevila M, Merlos A, Bada JL (1985) Chloroquine and amodiaquine resistant falciparum malaria in Rwanda. Lancet 8463:1072.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harkes PAA, Krijbolder L, Libbenga KR, Wijnsma R, Nsengiyaremge T, Verpoorte R (1985) Influence of various media constituents on the growth of Cinchona ledgeriana tissue cultures and the production of alkaloids and anthraquinones therein. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 4:199–214.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hay CA, Anderson LA, Phillipson DJ, Brown RT (1986) Uptake of radio-labelled alkaloids and alkaloid precursors by Cinchona ledgeriana root organ suspension cultures. Poster Abstr. 371:VIth Int Congr Plant tissue and cell culture, Minneapolis, Minnesota Univ, 5–8 August 1986, p 350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hegedus P, Phan CT (1983) Actions de phénols sur les malformations observée chez les portes-gregges de pommiers M-26 et 0–3 cultivés in vitro. Rev Can Biol Exp 42(1):33–38.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter CS (1979) In vitro culture of Cinchona ledgeriana L. J Hortic Sci 54(2):111–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunter CS (1986) In vitro propagation and germplasm storage of Cinchona. In: Alderson P, Withers L (eds) Plant tissue culture and its agricultural applications. Butterworth, London, pp 291–301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunter CS, McCalley DV, Barraclough AJ (1982) Alkaloids produced by cultures of Cinchona ledgeriana. In: Fujiwara A (ed) Plant tissue culture 1982. Maruzen, Tokyo, pp 801–802.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunter CS, Champion LC, Saul J (1986) Photosynthesis by Cinchona shoots in vitro: effects of CO2 concentration. Abstr VIth Int Congr Plant tissue and cell culture. Minneapolis, Minnesota Univ, 5–8 August 1986, p 410.

    Google Scholar 

  • ITC (1982) Markets for selected medicinal plants and other drugs. UNCTAD/GATT Int Trade Centre, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keene AT, anderson LA, Phillipson JD (1983) Investigation of Cinchona leaf alkaloids by high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 260:123–128.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keene AT, anderson LA, Phillipson JD (1984) Indole alkaloids of the leaves of Cinchona succirubra from Thailand. J Pharm Pharmacol 36:36 pp (suppl).

    Google Scholar 

  • Koblitz H, Hagen I (1962) Vergleichende Untersuchungen über das Wachstum isolierter Karottengewebe auf halbsynthetischen Substraten und auf einem neuen vollsynthetischen Medium. Flora 152:447–487.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koblitz H, Koblitz D, Schmauder HP, Groger (1983a) Studies on tissue cultures of the genus Cinchona L. In vitro mass propagation through meristem derived plants. Plant Cell Rep 2:95–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koblitz H, Koblitz D, Schmauder HP, Groger D (1983b) Studies on tissue cultures of the genus Cinchona L. Alkaloid production in cell suspension cultures. Plant Cell Rep 2:122–125.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kowanko N, Leete E (1962) Biosynthesis of Cinchona alkaloids 1. The incorporation of tryptophan into quinine. J Am Chem Soc 84:4919–4921.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krikorian AD (1982) Cloning higher plants from aseptically cultured tissues and cells. Biol Rev 57:151–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krikorian AD, Singh M, Quinn CE (1982) Aseptic micropropagation of Cinchona: prospects and problems. In: Rao AN (ed) Tissue culture of economically important plants. COSTED, Natl Univ, Singapore, pp 167–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathew PM, Philip KO (1979) Studies of South Indian Rubiaceae: II Cytology of Cinchona L. Nucleus (Calcutta) 22:125–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCalley DV (1983a) Analysis of cinchona alkaloids by high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 260:184–188.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCalley DV (1983b) Analysis of the cinchona alkaloids by liquid chromatography. Reversed phase chromatography on octadecylsilyl column. Chromatographia 17(5):264–266.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McHale D (1986) Quinine. Biologist 33:45–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris P, Fowler MW (1982) Growth characteristics and pigment production by cell suspension cultures of Cinchona ledgeriana. Poster. Meet Soc Exp Biol, Leicester, January 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mulder-Krieger Th, Verpoorte R, Baerheim-Svendsen A (1982a) Tissue culture of Cinchona pubescens: Effects of media modifications on the growth. Planta Med 44:237–240.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mulder-Krieger Th, Verpoorte R, Graaf YP de, Kreek M van der, Baerheim-Svendsen A (1982b) The effects of plant growth regulators and culture conditions on the growth and alkaloid content of callus cultures of Cinchona pubescens. Planta Med 46:15–18.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mulder-Krieger Th, Verpoorte R, Water A de, Gessel M van, Oeveren JA van, Baerheim-Svendsen A (1982c) Identification of alkaloids and anthraquinones in Cinchona ledgeriana callus cultures. Planta Med 46:19–24.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parr AJ, Robins RJ, Rhodes MJC (1984) Permeabilization of Cinchona ledgeriana cells by dimethylsulphoxide. Effects on alkaloid release and long-term membrane integrity. Plant Cell Rep 3:262–265.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parr AJ, Robins RJ, Rhodes MJC (1985) Natural transport of Cinchona alkaloids. Poster Phytochem Soc Eur Meet Plant products and the new technology, April 1985, Swansea..

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes MJC, Payne J, Robins RJ (1986) Cell suspension cultures of Cinchona ledgeriana. II. The effect of a range of auxins and cytokinins on the production of quinoline alkaloids. Planta Med 3:226–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robins RJ, Webb AJ, Rhodes MJC, Payne J, Morgan MRA (1984) Radioimmunoassay for the quantitative determination of quinine in cultured plant tissues. Planta Med 50:235–238.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robins RJ, Morgan MRA, Rhodes MJC, Webb A, Payne J, Bramham S (1985) Comparison of RIA and ELISA for determining quinine and quinidine. Poster Phytochem Soc Eur Meet Plant products and the new technology, April 1985, Swansea.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robins RJ, Payne J, Rhodes MJC (1986) Cell suspension cultures of Cinchona ledgeriana. I. Growth and quinoline alkaloid production. Planta Med 3:220–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmauder HP, Groger D, Koblitz H, Koblitz D (1985) Shikimate pathway acitivity in shake fermenter cultures of Cinchona succirubra. Plant Cell Rep 4:233–236.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scragg AH, Morris P, Allan EJ (1986) The effects of plant growth regulators on growth and alkaloid formation in Cinchona ledgeriana callus culture. J Plant Physiol 124:371–377.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh V, Jain DK, Sharma M (1975) Epidermal studies in Cinchona (Rubiaceae). Curr Sci 44(20):748–749.

    Google Scholar 

  • Staba EJ, Chung AC (1981) Quinine and quinidine production by Cinchona leaf, root and unorganized cultures. Phytochemistry 20(11):2495–2498.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sukarja-Danimihardja, Munir-Suprapto A (1977) Hasil sementara pengujian lokal klon lina seri CNA. Menara Perkebunan 45(5):233–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Harten AM (1969) Cinchona. In: Ferwerda FP, Wit F (eds) Outlines of perennial crop breeding in the tropics. Landbouwhogeschool, Wageningen, pp 111–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Harten AM (1976) Quinine. Cinchona spp (Rubiaceae). In: Simmonds NW (ed) Evolution of crop plants. Longman, London, pp 255–257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verpoorte R, Baerheim-Svendsen A (1984) Chemistry of the alkaloids, pt B: Gas liquid and high performance liquid chromatography. Elsevier, Amsterdam New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verpoorte R, Mulder-Krieger Th, Verzijl MJ, Baerheim-Svendsen A (1983) High performance liquid chromatography of Cinchona alkaloids. 1. Normal phase high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 261:172–175.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verpoorte R, Mulder-Krieger Th, Wijnsma R, Verzijl JM van, Baerheim-Svendsen A (1984) HPLC analysis of alkaloids in extracts of callus cultures of Cinchona species. Z Naturforsch 39c:680–683.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verpoorte R, Wijnsma R, Mulder-Krieger Th, Harkes PAA, Baerheim-Svendsen A (1985) Plant cell and tissue culture of Cinchona species. In: Neumann K-H, Barz W, Reinhard E (eds) Primary and secondary metabolism of plant cell cultures. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp 196–208.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner H, Bladt S, Zgainski EM (1984) Plant drug analysis. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Warhurst DC (1981) Cinchona alkaloids and malaria. Lancet 11 (8259):1346.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitten GH, Dougall DK (1981) Quinine and quinidine accumulation by root, callus and suspension cultures of Cinchona ledgeriana. In vitro 17:220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wijnsma K, Verpoorte R, Mulder-Krieger Th, Baerheim-Svendsen A (1984) Anthraquinones in cultures of Cinchona ledgeriana. Phytochemistry 23:2307–2311.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wijnsma R, Go JTKA, Weerden IN, Harkes PAA van, Verpoorte R, Baerheim-Svendsen A (1985) Anthraquinones as phytoalexins in cell and tissue cultures of Cinchona spec. Plant Cell Rep 4:241-244.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wijnsma R, Leer T van der, Heijden R van der, Groningen HJ van, Harkes PAA van, Verpoorte R, Baerheim-Svendsen A (1986) Effects of feeding indole alkaloid precursors and corynantheal on growth and secondary metabolism of Cinchona ledgeriana cell suspension cultures. Abstr VIth Int Congr Plant tissue and cell culture, Minneapolis, Minnesota Univ, 5–8 August 1986, p 141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willis JC (1966) A dictionary of flowering plants and ferns. Univ Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zandvoort EA (1984) In vitro propagation of some tropical woody plants. Poster, 41st Easter School Conf Agric Sci, September 1984, Univ Nottingham.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zandvoort EA, Staritsky GT (1982) In vitro culture of tropical woody crops in connection with vegetative propagation and genetic conservation. Acta Bot Netherlands 31(3):251–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeches M, Richard B, Thepenier P, Men-Olivier L le, Men J le (1980) Alcaloïdes des feuilles du Cinchona ledgeriana. Phytochemistry 19:2451–2454.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zenk MH (1978) The impact of plant cell culture on industry. In: Thorpe TA (ed) Frontiers of plant tissue culture 1978. Univ Press, Calgary, pp 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bristol Polytechnic, Bristol, BS 16 1QY, UK

    C. S. Hunter

Authors
  1. C. S. Hunter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. A-137, New Friends Colony, New Delhi, 110065, India

    Y. P. S. Bajaj

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hunter, C.S. (1988). Cinchona spp.: Micropropagation, and the In Vitro Production of Quinine and Quinidine. In: Bajaj, Y.P.S. (eds) Medicinal and Aromatic Plants I. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, vol 4. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73026-9_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73026-9_20

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-73028-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-73026-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation