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Photoallergien

  • Chapter
Neue Entwicklungen in der Dermatologie

Zusammenfassung

Licht-induzierte Allergien sind in den letzten Jahrzehnten als Sonderform einer allergisch-ekze- matösen Spättyp-Reaktion der Haut erkannt worden. Zu den klinisch und epidemiologisch wichtigen Photo-Allergenen gehören in unserer Bevölkerung zahlreiche Medikamente [besonders Psychopharmaka, Antihistaminika, Sulfonamide, Östrogene als orale Kontraceptiva, Doxicyclin und Dimethylchlortetracyclin, bestimmte Lichtschutzstoffe, Cyclamat (Süßstoff), Stilbene (optische Aufheller), bestimmte Pflanzenextrakte und Laxantien]. Die photochemische Aktivierung dieser Photo-Haptene mit Bindung an potentielle Trägerproteine (epidermale Strukturproteine oder Serumproteine) setzt bestimmte photochemische Sekundärreaktionen (z.B. oxidative Radikalbildung) voraus. Die Liste der aktuellen Photo-Allergene muß ständig revidiert und ergänzt werden. Einige Photo-Allergene (besonders halogenierte Salicylanilide) sind inzwischen kommerziell eliminiert. Während akute Photo-Allergene seltener geworden sind, haben chronisch persistierende lichenoide Lichtreaktionen bis zur Ausbildung von Pseudo-Lymphomen (einschließlich des sog. actinischen Retikuloids) in den letzten Jahren zugenommen.

Summary

Photo-induced allergic skin reactions have been recognized, in recent decades, as a particular group of eczematous disorders caused by cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity to a multitude of topically and/or systemically applied agents which may act as haptens by forming photochemi- cally induced hapten-carrier-complexes within the epidermis. The current list of potential photo- sensitizers comprises different drugs (in particular, psychotropic and antihistaminic drugs, sul- fonamides and distinct antibiotics), several sun screen agents, cyclamate, stilbene, some ingredients of cosmetics, and phytogenic and other substances. Meanwhile the mechanisms of photo-induced short-lived chemical reaction enabling the “hapten” to bind to an epidermal or serum-derived carrier protein have to some degree been elucidated. There is a continuous requirement for revising and supplementing the list of potential photo-sensitizers important for diagnosis of, and prevention from, photo-allergic skin diseases. Some photo-allergens have meanwhile been withdrawn from market, however, new ones are emerging. In contrast to a decline of acute photo-allergic disorders there is an increase of persisting lichenoid light eruptions including severe types of pseudo-lymphomas (e.g., actinic reticuloid) in recent years.

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Author information

Author notes

  1. Prof. Dr. Ernst G. Jung

    Present address: Hautklinik des, Klinikums der Stadt Mannheim, Postfach 23, D-6800, Mannheim, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hautklinik Klinikum, Mannheim, Germany

    Prof. Dr. Ernst G. Jung

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  1. Prof. Dr. Ernst G. Jung
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Erlangen, Germany

    O. P. Hornstein

  2. Münster-Hornheide, Germany

    M. Hundeiker

  3. Mannheim, Germany

    J. Schönfeld

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© 1987 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Jung, E.G. (1987). Photoallergien. In: Hornstein, O.P., Hundeiker, M., Schönfeld, J. (eds) Neue Entwicklungen in der Dermatologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72828-0_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72828-0_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-18063-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-72828-0

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