Skip to main content

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASIH,volume 9))

Abstract

A working hypothesis of the aetiology of Parkinson’s disease has been postulated (Calne and Langston, 1983). It was proposed that some environmental factor causes selective damage to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. When this insult is followed by the gradual age related decline in the population of dopaminergic cells, eventually the system decompensates and clinical parkinsonsism becomes manifest perhaps many years after the initial damage had occurred. This theory recieves support from recent studies of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism-dementia complex of Guam and of parkinsonism induced by l-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The combination of selective environmental damage followed by age related attrition may also be important in the aetiology of Alzheimer’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ambani L, Van Woert M H, Murphy S (1975) Brain peroxidase and catalase in Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol 32: 114–118

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barbeau A (1984) Etiology of Parkinson’s disease: a research strategy. Can J Neurol Sci 11: 24–28

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beale M F, Kowall N W, Ellison D W, Mazurek M F, Swartz K J, Martin J B (1986) Replication of the neurochemical characteristics of Huntington’s disease by quinolinic acid. Nature 321: 168–171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berheimer H, Birkmayer W, Hornykiewicz O, Jellinger K, Scitelberger F (1973) Brain dopamine and the syndromes of Parkinson and Huntington. J Neurol Sci 20: 415–455

    Google Scholar 

  • Calne D B, Teravainen H (1979) Parkinsonism: Its relation to aging and its treatment. Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology 15: 179

    Google Scholar 

  • Calne D B, Langston J W (1983) Aetology of Parkinson’s disease. Lancet ii: 1457–1459

    Google Scholar 

  • Calne D B, Langston J W, Martin W R W, Stoessl A J, Ruth T J, Adam M J, Pate B D, Schulzer M (1985) Positron emission tomography after MPTP: observations relating to the cause of Parkinson’s disease. Nature 317: 246–248

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlsson A, Winblad B (1976) Influence of age and time interval between death and autopsy on dopamine and 3-methoxytyramine levels in human basal ganglia. J Neural Transm 38: 271–276

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dalakas M C (1986) How relevant are recent studies of ALS and post-polio muscular atrophy patients regarding PET scanning, polio antigen/antibody, and AIDS virus. Muscle and Nerve 9. Suppl 5S: 108

    Google Scholar 

  • Duvoisin R C (1984) Is Parkinon’s disease acquired or inherited? Can J Neurol Sci 11 (supp): 151–155

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ehringer H, Hörnykiewicz O (1960) Verteilung von noradrenalin und dopamin im Gehirn des Menschen und ihr Verhalten bei Erkrankungen des extrapyramidalen Systems. Wien Klin Wochenchir 72: 1236–1239

    Google Scholar 

  • Firnau G, Garnett E S, Sourkes T L, Missala K (1975) [18F] Fluoro- Dopa: a unique gamma emmitting substrate for dopa decarboxylase. Experentia 31: 1254–1255

    Google Scholar 

  • Garnett E S, Firnau G, Nahmias C, Chirakal R (1983) Striatal dopamine metabolism in living monkeys examined by positron emission tomography. Brain Research 180: 169–171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garnett E S, Nahmias C, Firnau G (1984) Central dopaminergic pathways in living monkeys examined by positron emission tomography. Can J Neurol Sci 11: 174–179

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garruto R M, Gajdusek C, Chen K M (1980) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis among Chamorro migrants. Ann Neurol 8: 612–619

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garruto R M, Yanagihara R, Gajdusek D C (1985) Disappearance of high incidence amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism dementia on Guam. Neurology 35: 193–198

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hornikiewicz O (1986) Dopamine deficiency and dopamine substition in Parkinson’s disease. In: Winslow W, Markstein R (eds) The neurobiology of dopamine systems. University Press, Manchester, p319–330

    Google Scholar 

  • Leenders K L, Poewe W H, Palmer A J, Brenton D P, Frackowiak R S J (1986) Inhibition of L-[18F]fluorodopa uptake into human brain by amino acids demonstrated by positron emission tomography. Ann Neurol 20: 258–262

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mann D M A, Yates PO (1982) Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. Arch Neurol 39: 545–549

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin W R W, Beckman J H, Calne D B, Adam M J, Harrop R, Rogers J G, Ruth T J, Sayre C I, Pate B D (1984) Cerebral glucose metabolism in Parkinson’s disease. Can J Neurol Sci 11: 169–173

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin W R W, Stoessl J, Adam M J, Ammann W, Bergstrom M, Harrop R, Laihinen A, Rogers J G, Ruth T J, Sayre C I, Pate D B, Calne D B (1986) Positron emission tomography in Parkinson’s disease: glucose and dopa metabolism. In: Yahr M, Bergmann K (eds) Advances in neurology volume 45, Parkinson’s disease. Raven Press, New York, (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mawdsley C, Ferguson F R (1963) Neurological disease in boxers. Lancet ii: 795–801

    Google Scholar 

  • McGeer P L, McGeer E G, Suzuki J (1977) Aging and extrapyramidal function. Arch Neurol 34: 33–35

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McGeer P L, McGeer E G, Suzuki J, Dolman C E, Nagai T (1984) Aging, Alzheimern disease and the cholinergic system of the basal forebrain. Neurology 34: 741–745

    Google Scholar 

  • Mena I, Cotzias C (1975) Protein uptake and treatment of Parkinson’s disease with levodopa. N Engl J Med 292: 181–184

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Newman R P, LeWitt P A, Jaffe M, Calne D B, Larsen T A (1985) Motor function in the normal aging population: treatment with levodopa. Neurology 35: 571–573

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nutt J G, Woodward W R, Hämmerstad J P, Carter J H, Anderson J L (1984) The “on-off” phenomenon in Parkinson’s disease: relations to levodopa absorption and transport. N Engl J Med 310: 483–487

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perry T L, Yong U W, Clavier R M, (1985) Partial protection from the dopaminergic neurotoxin in N-methy1-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine by four different anti- oxidants in the mouse. Neurosci Lett 60: 109–114

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spencer P, Nunn P, Hugon J, Ludolph A, Ross S, RRoy D, Schaumburg H, Soiefer A’(1986) Primate motor neuron disorders induced by chemically related excitatory neurotoxins isolated from Guamanian cycad and Indian chickling pea. Muscle and Nerve 9. Suppl 5S: 108

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomlinson B E, Irving D (1977) The numbers of limb motor neurons in the human lumbrosacral cord throughout life. J Neurol Sci 34: 213–219

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ward C D, Duvoisin R C, Ince S E, Nutt J D, Eldridge R, Calne D B (1983) Parkinson’s disease in 65 pairs of twins and in a set of quadruplets. Neurology 33: 815–824

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wooten G F, Collins R C (1981) Metabolic effects of unilateral lesions of the subtantia nigra. J Neurosci 1: 285–291

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Peppard, R.F., Calne, D.B. (1987). New Perspectives in Parkinson’s Disease. In: Govoni, S., Battaini, F. (eds) Modification of Cell to Cell Signals During Normal and Pathological Aging. NATO ASI Series, vol 9. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72729-0_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72729-0_18

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-72731-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-72729-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics