Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Spinal cord stimulation in ischemia and ischemic pain Possible mechanisms of action

  • Conference paper
Spinal Cord Stimulation II

Abstract

Spinal cord stimulation has by now been used for pain due to tissue ischemia in the extremities (peripheral vascular disease; PVD) for almost 20 years. The pioneer report by Cook et al. appeared in 1976 (12). The spread of the method for this indication was slow in the beginning, but after the presentation of the studies by Augustinsson, Jivegård, Galley, Jacobs and their collaborators (1, 16, 23–25) and others, the method has been adopted in most major centers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Augustinsson LE, Carlsson CA, Holm J, Jivegård L (1985) Epidural electrical stimulation in severe limb ischemia. Ann Surg 202: 104–110

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Augustinsson LE, Linderoth B, Mannheimer C (1992) Spinal cord stimulation in various ischaemic conditions. In: Illis L (ed) Spinal Cord Dysfunction, Vol III. Functional Stimulation. Oxford Medical Publications, Oxford, pp 272–295

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bayliss WM (1901) On the origin from the spinal cord of the vasodilator fibers of the hind-limb and on the nature of these fibers. J Physiol 26: 173–209

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Boccalon H (1994) Criteria of efficacy: the survey. In: Herreros J et al. (eds) Spinal Cord Stimulation for Peripheral Vascular Disease. Advances and Controversies. Editorial Libro del Ano, SL, Madrid, pp 57–67

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bonica J (1990) Pain due to vascular disease. In: Bonica JJ (ed) The Management of Pain, 2nd ed. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, pp 502–537

    Google Scholar 

  6. Brodin E, Linderoth B, Gazelius B, Ungerstedt U (1987) In vivo release of substance P in cat dorsal horn studied with microdialysis. Neurosc Lett 76: 357– 362

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Broseta J, Barbera J, De Vera JA, Barcia-Salorio JL, Garcia-March G, Gonzalez-Darder J, Rovaina F, Joanes V (1986) Spinal cord stimulation in peripheral arterial disease. J Neurosurg 64: 71–80

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Broseta J, Sanchez-Ledesma MJ, Goncalvez J (1994) Humoral mechanisms mediating in the increase of peripheral blood flow following spinal cord stimulation. An experimental study in the dog. In: Herreros J et al. (eds) Spinal Cord Stimulation for Peripheral Vascular Disease. Advances and Controversies. Editorial Libro del Ano, SL, Madrid, pp 17–23

    Google Scholar 

  9. Chandler MJ, Brennan TJ, Garrison DW, Kim KS, Schwartz PJ, Foreman RD (1993) A mechanism of cardiac pain suppression by spinal cord stimulation: implications for patients with angina pectoris. Eur Heart J 14: 96–105

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Chauhan A, Mullins PA, Taylor G, Petch MC, Schofield PM (1993) Coronary blood flow, transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation and possible mechanisms of action. Eur Heart J, Vol 14. Abstr Suppl XVth Congress Eur Soc Cardiol p 315

    Google Scholar 

  11. Chauhan A, Mullins PA, Thuraisingham SI, Taylor G, Petch MC, Schofield PM (1994) Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on coronary blood flow. Circulation, Vol 89 (2) pp 694–702

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Cook AW, Oygar A, Baggenstos P, Pacheco S, Kleriga E (1976) Vascular disease of extremities. Electrical stimulation of spinal cord and posterior roots. N Y State J Med 76: 366–368

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Eliasson T (1994) Spinal cord stimulation in angina pectoris. Thesis. Östra Hospital, Göteborg, 88 pp

    Google Scholar 

  14. Fedorcsak I, Linderoth B, Gunasekera L, Bognar L, Meyerson BA (1991) Peripheral vasodilation due to sympathetic inhibition induced by spinal cord stimulation. 3rd IBRO World Congress of Neuroscience, Montreal, p 126

    Google Scholar 

  15. Foreman RD, Chandler MJ, Brennan TJ, Kim KS, Garrisn DW, Schwartz PJ (1989) Does dorsal column stimulation reduce the activity of spino-thalamic tract cells that respond to cardiac input? Circulation 80 Suppl II: 552

    Google Scholar 

  16. Galley D, Elharrar C, Scheffer J, Rakotonarivo J, Medvedowski A, Barnay JC, Medvedowski L, Serena G (1988) Intéret de la neurostimulation épidurale dans les artériopathies des membres inférieurs. Arteres et Veines 7: 61–71

    Google Scholar 

  17. Gazelius B , Brodin E, Olgart L, Panopolous P (1981) Evidence that substance P is a mediator of antidromic vasodilatation using somatostatin as a release inhibitor. Acta Physiol Scand 113:155–159

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Gheradini G, Lundeberg T, Gazelius B, Brodda-Jansen G, Samuelson U (1994) Calcitonin gene-related peptide dose dependent increases microcirculation after mechanically induced vasospasm in an island flap in the rat. Plastic and Reconstruct Surg (submitted)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Gybels JM, Sweet WH (1989) Neurosurgical treatment of persistent pain. In: Gildenberg PL (ed) Pain and Headache. Karger, Basel, pp 442

    Google Scholar 

  20. Hilton SM, Marshall JM (1980) Dorsal root vasodilatation in cat skeletal muscle. J Physiol 299: 277–288

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Hinsey JH, Gasser HS (1930) The component of the dorsal root mediating vasodilatation and the Sherrington contracture. Am J Physiol 92: 679–689

    Google Scholar 

  22. Hosobuchi Y (1990) Treatment of ischemic pain by neurostimulation. In: Lipton S, Tunks E, Zoppi M (eds) Advances in Pain Research and Therapy, Vol 13. Raven Press, New York, pp 223–226

    Google Scholar 

  23. Jacobs MJHM, Jörning PJG, Joshi SR, Kitslaar PJEHM, Slaaf DW, Reneman RS (1988) Epidural spinal cord electrical stimulation improves micro-vascular blood flow in severe limb ischemia. Ann Surg 207: 179–183

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Jacobs MJHM, Jörning PJG, Beckers RCY, Ubbink DT, van Kleef M, Slaaf DW et al (1990) Foot salvage and improvement of microvascular blood flow as a result of epidural spinal cord electrical stimulation. J Vasc Surg 12: 354–360

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Jivegård L, Augustinsson LE, Carlsson CA, Holm J (1987) Long-term results of epidural spinal electrical stimulation (ESES) in patients with inoperable severe lower limb ischaemia. Eur J Vasc Surg 1:345–349

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. de Jongste MJL (1994) Neurostimulation as an adjuvant therapy for patients with intractable angina pectoris. Thesis. Groningen, pp 156

    Google Scholar 

  27. Jänig W (1985) Organization of the lumbar sympathetic outflow to skeletal muscle and skin of the cat hindlimb and tail. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 102: 119–213

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Jänig W (1986) Spinal cord integration of visceral sensory systems and sympathetic nervous system reflexes. In: Cervero F, Morrison JFB (eds) Progress in Brain Res, Vol 67. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 255–277

    Google Scholar 

  29. Jänig W (1990) Functions of the sympathetic innervation of the skin. In: Loewy AD, Spyer KM (eds) Central Regulation of Autonomic Functions. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 334–348

    Google Scholar 

  30. Jänig W (1994) Spinal cord stimulation in patients: Basic anatomical and neurophysiological mechanisms. In: Horsch S, Clays L (eds) Spinal Cord Stimulation. An Innovative Method in the Treatment of PVD. Steinkopff Verlag, Darmstadt, pp 37–58

    Google Scholar 

  31. Kaada B (1987) Mediators of cutaneous vasodilatation induced by transcutaneous nerve stimulation in humans. In: Nobin A, Owman C, Arneklo-Nobin B (eds) Neuronal Messengers in Vascular Function. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 475–488.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Kaada B, Eielsen O (1984) In search of mediators of skin vasodilation induced by transcutaneous nerve stimulation: III. Increase in plasma VIP in normal subjects and in Raynaud’s disease. Gen Pharmacol 15: 107–113

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Kjartansson J (1988): Peripheral sensory neurons and viability of skin flaps. Thesis. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, pp 30

    Google Scholar 

  34. Kjartansson J, Lundeberg T (1990) Effects of electrical nerve stimulation (ENS) in ischaemic tissue. Scand J Plastic Reconstr Surg 24: 129–134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Linderoth B (1992) Dorsal Column Stimulation and Pain: Experimental studies of putative neurochemical and neurophysiological mechhanisms. Thesis. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, pp67

    Google Scholar 

  36. Linderoth B (1993) Neurophysiological mechanisms involved in vaso-dilatation and ischemic pain relief induced by spinal cord stimulation. In: Galley D, Illis LS, Krainick JU, Meglio M, Sier JC, Staal MJ (eds) Proceedings of the 1st Congr of the Internat Neuromod Soc, Rome, May 1992. Monduzzi Editore, Bologna, pp 27–40.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Linderoth B (1994) Assessment of microvascular flow modifications in spinal cord stimulation. In: Herreros J et al. (eds) Spinal Cord Stimulation for Peripheral Vascular Disease. Advances and Controversies. Editorial Libro del Ano, SL, Madrid, pp 89– 92

    Google Scholar 

  38. Linderoth B, Meyerson BA, Skoglund CA (1987) Spinal cord stimulation for treatment of peripheral vascular disease. Review and short-term effects. Proceedings of the 13th Meeting of the Scandinavian Association for the Study of Pain, Kolding (abstr)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Linderoth B, Fedorcsak I, Meyerson BA (1989) Is vasodilatation following dorsal column stimulation mediated by antidromic activation of small diameter afferents? Acta Neurchir Suppl (Wien) 46: 99–101

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Linderoth B, Fedorcsak I, Meyerson BA (1991) Peripheral vasodilatation after spinal cord stimulation: Animal studies of putative effector mechanisms. Neurosurgery 28: 187–195

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Linderoth B, Gunasekera L, Meyerson BA (1991) Effects of sympathectomy on skin and muscle microcirculation during dorsal column stimulation: animal studies. Neurosurgery 29: 874–879

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Linderoth B, Stiller C-O, O’Connor WT, Hammarström G, Ungerstedt U, Brodin E (1993) An animal model for the study of brain transmittor release in response to spinal cord stimulation in the awake, freely moving rat: preliminary results from the PAG. Acta Neurochir Suppl 58: 156–160. Advances in Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, vol. 10, Springer-Verlag, New York

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Linderoth B, Herregodts P, Meyerson BA (1994) Sympathetic mediation of peripheral vasodilatation induced by spinal cord stimulation. Animal studies of the role of cholinergic and adrenergic receptor subtypes. Neurosurgery 35: 711–719

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Linderoth B, Gherardini G, Ren B, Lundeberg T (1995) Pre-emptive spinal cord stimulation reduces ischemia in an animal model of vasospasm (accepted for publ. in Neurosurgery)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Lundeberg T, Kjartansson J, Samuelsson U (1988) Effect of electrical nerve stimulation on healing of ischaemic skin flaps. Lancet 24: 712–714

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Mannheimer C, Emanuelsson H, Larsson G et al (1991) Myocardial release of endogenous opioids in the human heart and the effects of epidural spinal electrical stimulation (ESES) in pacing-induced angina pectoris. J Am Coll Cardiol 17: 107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Meglio M, Cioni B, Sandric S (1981) Spinal cord stimulation and peripheral blood flow. In: Hosobushi Y, Corbin T (eds) Proceedings of a Symposium on Indications for Spinal Cord Stimulation. Excerpta Medica, Princeton, pp 60–66

    Google Scholar 

  48. Meglio M, Cioni B, Sandric S (1981) Evaluation of cardiac activity during spinal cord stimulation. In: Hosobushi Y, Corbin T (eds) Proceedings of a Symposium on Indications for Spinal Cord Stimulation. Excerpta Medica, Princeton, pp 67–72

    Google Scholar 

  49. Meglio M, Cioni B, Rossi GF, Sandric S, Santarelli P (1986) Spinal cord stimulation affects the central mechanisms of regulation of the heart rate. Appl Neurophysiol 49: 139–146

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Meyerson BA (1990) Electric stimulation of the spinal cord and brain. In: Bonica JJ, Loeser JD, Chapman RC, Fordyce WE (eds) The Management of Pain, 2nd ed, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp 1862–1877

    Google Scholar 

  51. Naver H, Augustinsson L-E, Elam M (1992) The vasodilating effect of spinal dorsal column stimulation is mediated by sympathetic nerves. Clin Autonom Res 2: 41–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Seijo F (1994) Ischemic pain: nociceptive pain or deafferentation pain. In: Herreros J et al. (eds) Spinal Cord Stimulation for Peripheral Vascular Disease. Advances and Controversies. Editorial Libro del Ano, SL, Madrid, pp 25–29

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska Hospital, S-17176, Stockholm, Sweden

    Assor. Prof. Bengt Linderoth MD PhD

Authors
  1. Assor. Prof. Bengt Linderoth MD PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung für Allgemeinchirurgie - Gefäßchirurgie und Traumatologie, Krankenhaus Porz am Rhein Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität zu Köln, Urbacher Weg 19, 51149, Köln, Germany

    Svante Horsch  & Luc Claeys  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Darmstadt

About this paper

Cite this paper

Linderoth, B. (1995). Spinal cord stimulation in ischemia and ischemic pain Possible mechanisms of action. In: Horsch, S., Claeys, L. (eds) Spinal Cord Stimulation II. Steinkopff. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72527-2_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72527-2_3

  • Publisher Name: Steinkopff

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-72529-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-72527-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation