Abstract
In Europe, the use of rapeseed oil fuels in diesel engines has been intensively investigated since the energy crisis of the early 1970s. In the beginning, the emphasis was placed on the technical possibilities associated with the use of rapeseed oil as a fuel. However, research has shown that pure rapeseed oil can only be used in specially designed engines. Research that followed indicated that rapeseed oil methylester (RME) was a suitable replacement for petroleum diesel fuel (DF) [30]. After this discovery, research has focused on the engine exhaust emissions that result when fueling with both unmodified rapeseed oil and RME [14]. In the USA research has focused on soybean oil methylester (SME). Both RME and SME are called Biodiesel. In Germany Biodiesel must fulfill the standard DIN V 51606.
Initially, environmental related research concentrated on the federally regulated hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) exhaust gas emissions [31]. In addition, a series of current publications compare the environmentally important but non-regulated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), aldehydes, ketones and in some cases, the aromatic compounds.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ames B.N., McCann J., Yamasäki E., Mutation Research 31, 347–364 (1975).
Belisario M.A., Buonocore V., De Marinis E., De Lorenzo F., Mutation Research 135, 1–9 (1984).
Clark C.R. and Vigil C.L., Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 56, 100–113 (1980).
Claxton L.D., Environmental Mutagenesis 5, 609–631 (1983).
Fränkle G. and Stein H.-J., Automobiltechn. Zeitschrift 90, 13–22 and 85–92 (1988).
Garshick E. et al., American Review of Respiratory Diseases 137, 820–825 (1988).
Gustavsson P., Plato N., Lidstrom E.B., Hogstedt C., Scandinavian Journal of Work and Environmental Health 16, 348–354 (1990).
Härtung A., Personal Information, Volkswagen AG (1993).
Heinrich U., Wirkungsforschung bei Dieselmotoremissionen. Proceedings: Emissionen von Pflanzenölkraftstoffen und ihre Umweltwirkungen. C.A.R.M.E.N.-Verlag, Würzburg (D), 19–29 (1994).
Huisingh J. et al.9 Application of bioassay to the characterization of diesel particle emissions. In: Waters MD, Nesnow S, Huisingh JL, Sandhu SS, Claxton L (eds.) Application of short-term bioassay in the fractionation and analysis of complex environmental mixtures. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 383–418(1978).
International Agency for Research on Cancer, Evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: Diesel and gasoline exhausts and some nitroarenes. IARC Monographs, Vol. 46, pp. 41–135 (1989).
Irmscher I. and Jaskulla N., Aspekte des motorischen Verhaltens von Kraftstoffen aus pflanzlichen Ölen — Stand der internationalen Forschung. Final report: Verein für Innovative Verkehrstechnik, Berlin (D ) (1994).
Krahl J., Vellguth G., Munack A., Übersicht von Arbeiten zum Einsatz von Rapsöl und Rapsölmethylester als Kraftstoffe unter Berücksichtigung umweltrelevanter Auswirkungen. Final-report: Institute of Biosystems Engineering, FAL, Braunschweig (D) (1994).
Krahl J., Vellguth G., Munack c A., Stalder K., Bahadir M., SAE Paper 961847 (1996).
Krausgrill C. and Schmidt C., Abschlußbericht RME-Projekt Stadt Fulda. Final report: Technical University Darmstadt (D ) (1993).
Levin D.E., Yamasaki E., Arnes B.N.., Mutation Res. 94, 315–330 (1982).
Levin D.E., Hollstein M., Christman M.F., Schwiers E.A., Ames B.N., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. U.S.A. 79, 7445–7449 (1982).
Maron D.M. and Ames B.N., Mutation Research 113, 173–213 (1983).
Matsushima T., Sawamura M., Hara K., Susimura T., A safe substitute for polychlorinated biphenyls as an inducer of metabolic activation system. In: Serres FJ, Fouts JR, Bend JR, Philpot RM (eds) In vitro metabolic activation in mutagenesis testing. Elsevier/North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 85–88 (1976).
Mauderly J.L., Environmental Health Perspectives 102 Suppl 4, 165–171 (1994).
Muscat J.E., Journal of clinical epidemiology 49, 891–892 (1996).
Pfluger D.H. and Minder C.E., Sozial- und Präventivmedizin 39, 372–378 (1994).
Sachverständigenrat für Umweltfragen, Umweltgutachten 1994. Kusterdingen, Metzler-Poeschel-Verlag (1994).
Schäfer F., Motortechn. Zeitschrift 52, 346–355 (1991).
Scharmer K., Glüsing H., Klings L., Standardanforderungen an Rapsölmethylester als Motorenkraflstoff. Teil I: Stand der Technik. Report: Gesellschaft für Entwicklungstechnologie, Aldenhoven (D)(1993).
Stalder K., Gerhard V., Frohmann H., Krahl J., Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Arbeits- und Umweltmedizin 33, 75–78 (1993).
Stalder K., Gerhard V., Krahl J., Zur kanzerogenen Wirkung von Rußen aus Dieselmotoren im Betrieb mit Rapsöl, RME und Dieselkraftstoff. In: Proceedings: Emissionen von Pflanzenölkraftstoffen und ihre Umweltwirkungen. C.A.R.M.E.N.-Verlag, Würzburg (D), pp. 30–35 (1994).
Steenland N.K., Silverman D.T., Hornung R.W., American Journal of Public Health 80,670–674(1990).
Stöber W. and Abel U.R., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 68 Suppl. 3–61 (1996).
Vellguth G., Gründl Landtechnik 32, 17–186 (1982).
Vellguth G., Gründl. Landtechnik 37, 207–213 (1987).
Welschof G., Der Ackerschlepper — Mittelpunkt der Landtechnik. VDI-Berichte 407, Düsseldorf (D), VDI-Verlag, pp. 11–17 (1981).
Wolfensberger U., Raps 12 (1) 12–14 (1994).
Wurst F., Boos R., Prey R., Scheidl K., Wörgetter M., Emissionen beim Einsatz von Rapsölmethylester an einem Prüfstandsmotor. Forschungsberichte der Bundesanstalt für Landtechnik, Vol. 22, Wieselburg (A) (1990).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Krahl, J., Bünger, J., Munack, A. (1998). Biodiesel Exhaust Emissions and Determination of their Environmental and Health Effects. In: Plant Oils as Fuels. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72269-1_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72269-1_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-64754-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-72269-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive