Skip to main content

Silencing of Gene Expression in the Anthocyanin Regulatory Gene Families

  • Conference paper
Cellular Integration of Signalling Pathways in Plant Development

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASIH,volume 104))

Abstract

An inference that can be drawn from Mendel’s first law is that contrasting alleles emerge from the heterozygotes without having influenced each other. Thus the pattern of expression of a gene with intact regulatory and coding regions is generally transmitted unchanged to the progeny upon segregation. However, exceptions to this rule have been observed in a number of organisms and include ‘epigenetic’ modifications of gene expression that are heritable and do not involve changes to the nucleotide sequence.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Assaad F.F., Tucker K.L., Signer E.R. (1993) Epigenetic repeat-induced gene silencing (RIGS) in Arabidopsis. Plant Mol. Biol. 22: 1067–1085.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bestor, T. (1990) DNA methylation: evolution of a bacterial immune function into a regulator of gene expression and genome structure in higher eukariotes. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B 326, 179–187.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyes, J., Bird, A. (1991) DNA methylation inhibits transcription indirectly via a methyl-CpG binding protein. Cell, 64: 1123–1134.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brink, R.A. (1958) Paramutation at the R locus in maize. Cold Spring Harbour Symp. Quant. Biol. 23: 379–391.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brink, R.A. (1973) Paramutation. Annu. Rev. Genet. 7: 129–152.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brutnell T P., Dellaporta S.L. (1994) Somatic inactivation and reactivation of Ac associated with changes in cytosine methylation and transposase expression. Genetics 138: 213–225

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, V.L., Radicella, J.P., Robbins, T.P., Chen, J., Turks, D. (1989) Two regulatory genes of the maize anthocyanin pathway are homologous, isolation of b using r genomic sequences. Plant Cell 1: 1175–1183.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, V.L., Walbot, V. (1986) DNA modification of a maize transposable element correlates with loss of activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 83: 1767–71

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chomet, P.S., Wessler, S.T Dellaporta, S. (1987) Inactivation of the maize transposable element activator (Ac) is associated with DNA modification. EMBO J. 6: 295–302.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cocciolone, M.S., Cone, K.C. (1993) Pl-Bh, an anthocyanin regulatory gene of maize that leads to variegated pigmentation. Genetics 153: 575–588.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coe, E.H. (1966) The properties, origins and mechanism of conversion-type inheritance at the B locus in maize. Genetics 53: 1035–1063.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cone, K.C., Burr F.A., Burr B. (1986) Molecular analysis of the maize anthocyanin regulatory locus CI. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 83: 9631–9635.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cone, K. C., Cocciolone, S.M., Burr A.F., Burr B. (1993) Maize anthocyanin regulatory gene pi is a duplicate of cl that function in the plant. Plant Cell, 5: 1795– 1805.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Consonni, G., Geuna, F., Gavazzi, G., Tonelli, C. (1993) Molecular homology among members of the R gene family in maize. Plant Journal 3. 335–346.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dooner H.K., Robbins T.P., Jorgensen R.A. (1991) Genetic and developmental control of anthocyanins biosynthesis. Ann. Rev. Genet 25: 173–199.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dooner, H.K., Kermicle, J.L. (1971) Structure of the Rr tandem duplication in maize. Genetics 67: 427–436.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eggleston, W.B., Alleman, M., Kermicle, J.L. (1995) Molecular organization and germinal instability of R-stippled in maize. Genetics, 141: 347–360.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fedoroff, N, Schlappi, M., Raina, R. (1996) Epigenetic regulation of the maize Spm transposon. Bioessays 17. 291–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flavell, R.B. (1994) Inactivation of gene expression in plants as a consequence of novel sequence duplication. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91: 3490–3496.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Freedman, T., Pukkila, P.J. (1993) De novo methylation of repeated sequences in Coprinus cinereus. Genetics, 135: 357–366.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fundele, I.H.R., Surani, A. M. (1994) Experimental embryological analysis of genetic imprinting in mouse development. Develop. Genet. 15: 515–522.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grierson, D., Fray, R.G., Hamilton, A.J., Smith, C.J.S., Watson, C.F. (1991) Does co-suppression of sense genes in transgenic plants involve antisense RNA? Trends Biotech. 9. 122–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hagemann, R. (1969) Somatic reversion (paramutation) at the Sulfurea locus of Lycopersicon esculentum. Ill Studies with trisomies. CanJ.Genet.CytoL 11: 346– 358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollick, J.B., Patterson, G:I:, Coe, E.H.Jr., Cone, C.K., Chandler, V.L. (1995) Allelic interactions heritably alter the activity of a metastable maize pl allele. Genetics, 141: 709–719.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jorgenssen, R. (1994) Developmental significance of epigenetic impositions on the plant genome: a paragenetic function for chromosomes. Develop. Genet., 15: 523– 532.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kermicle, J.L. (1973) Organization of paramutational components of the R locus in maize. Basic mechanisms in plant morphogenesis. Brookhaven Symposia in Biology, 25: 262–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kermicle, J.L., Eggleston, W.B., Alleman, M. (1995) Organization of paramutagenicity in R-stippled maize. Genetics, 141: 361–372.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kricker, M.C., Drake,J.W., Radman, M. (1992) Duplication-targeted DNA methylation and mutagenesis in the evolution of eukaryotic chromosomes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 1075–79.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, A M., Walbot, V., Davis, R.W. (1992) Arabidopsis and Nicotiana anthocyanin production activated by maize regulators R and CI, Science 258: 1773–1775.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig. SR., Habera, L.F., Dellaporta, S.L., Wessler, S.R. (1989) Lc, a member of the maize R gene family responsible for tissue-specific anthocyanin production, encodes a protein similar to transcriptional activators and contains the myc- homology region. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 86: 7092–7096.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martienssen, R. (1996) Paramutation and gene silencing in plants. Curr.Biol. 6: 810– 813.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matzke, M.A., Matzke, A.J. M. (1993) Genomic imprinting in plants: parental effects and trans-inactivation phenomena. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant. Mol. Biol. 44: 53–76.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matzke M.A., Matzke A.J.M., Eggleston, B. (1996) Paramutation and transgene silencing: a common response to invasive DNA ? Trends Plant Sci. 1: 382–388.

    Google Scholar 

  • McClintock, B. (1967) Regulation of pattern of gene expression by controlling elements in maize. Carnegie Inst. Yearb. 65: 568–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meehan R.R., Lewis J.D., McKay S., Kleiner E.L., Bird A.P. (1989) Identification of a mammalian protein that binds specifically to DNA containing methylated CpGs. Cell 58: 499–507.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, P., Saedler, H. (1996) Homology-dependent gene silencing in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 47: 23–48.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pandit, N.N., Russo, V.E.A. (1992) Reversible inactivation of a foreign gene, hph, during the sexual cycle of Neurospora crassa transformants. Mol. Gen. Genet. 234: 412–422.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, I. G., Thorpe, J.C., Chandler, L. V. (1993) Paramutation, an allelic interaction, is associated with a stable and heritable reduction of transcription of the maize b regulatory gene. Genetics 135: 881–894

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paz-Ares, J., Ghosal D., Wienand, U., Peterson, P.A., Saedler, H. (1987) The regulatory CI locus of Zea mays encodes a protein with homology to myb proto- oncogene products and with structural similarities to transcriptional activators. EMBO J. 6: 3553–3558.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Procissi, A.,S. Dolfini, A. Ronchi, C.Tonelli. (1997) Light-dependent spatial regulation and temporal expression of pigment regulatory genes in developing maize seeds The Plant Cell 9: (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhounim, L., Rossignol, J.L., Faugeron, G. (1992) Epimutation of repeated genes in Ascobolus immersus. EMBO J. 11: 4451–4457.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Romano, N., Macino, G. (1992) Quelling: transient inactivation of gene expression in Neurospora crassa by trasformation with homologous sequences. Mol. Mic. 6: 3343–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ronchi, A., Petroni, K., Tonelli, C. (1995) The reduced expression of endogenous duplications ( REED) in the maize R gene family is mediated by DNA methylation. EMBO J., 14: 5318–5328.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Selker, E.U. (1990) Premeiotic instability of repeated sequences in Neurospora crassa. Annu. Rev. Genet. 24: 579–613.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tonelli, C. Consonni, G., Faccio Dolfini, S. Dellaporta, S.L., Viotti, A., Gavazzi, G. (1991) Genetic and molecular analysis of Sn, a light-inducible, tissue-specific regulatory gene in maize. Mol. Gen. Genet. 225: 401–410.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Ronchi, A., Pilu, R., Tonelli, C. (1998). Silencing of Gene Expression in the Anthocyanin Regulatory Gene Families. In: Lo Schiavo, F., Last, R.L., Morelli, G., Raikhel, N.V. (eds) Cellular Integration of Signalling Pathways in Plant Development. NATO ASI Series, vol 104. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72117-5_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72117-5_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-72119-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-72117-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics