Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Callus Cultures and Somaclonal Variation

  • Chapter
Biotechnology in Forage and Turf Grass Improvement

Part of the book series: Monographs on Theoretical and Applied Genetics ((GENETICS,volume 23))

  • 112 Accesses

Abstract

In grasses, somatic cell and tissue cultures in vitro have been initiated from a wide range of expiants, such as embryos, roots, leaf bases, immature inflorescences and meristems (Yamada 1977; Vasil 1987). When the surface-sterilized expiants are placed on appropriate culture media and maintained axenically under suitable growth conditions, competent cells in the expiant may dedifferentiate and divide to produce a proliferating unorganized mass of cells called callus. Initiated calli or calluses may be maintained in vitro by periodic subcultures onto fresh media to establish callus cultures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ahloowalia BS (1975) Regeneration of ryegrass plants in tissue culture. Crop Sci 15: 449–452

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahloowalia BS (1983) Spectrum of variation in somaclones of triploid ryegrass. Crop Sci 23: 1141–1147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahloowalia BS (1984) Forage grasses. In: Ammirato PV, Evans DA, Sharp WR, Yamada Y (eds) Handbook of plant cell culture, vol 3. Macmillan, New York, pp 91–125

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahn BJ, Huang FH, King JW (1985) Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis in common bermudagrass tissue culture. Crop Sci 25: 1107–1109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahn BJ, Huang FH, King JW (1987) Regeneration of bermudagrass cultivars and evidence of somatic embryogenesis. Crop Sci 27: 594–597

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akashi R, Adachi T (1991) High frequency somatic formation in cultures of immature embryos of guineagrass, Panicum maximum Jacq. Jpn J Breed 41: 85–93

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akashi R, Adachi T (1992) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cultured immature inflorescences of apomictic dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.). Plant Sci 82: 213–218

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akashi R, Hashimoto A, Adachi T (1993) Plant regeneration from seed-derived embryogenic callus and cell suspension cultures of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum). Plant Sci 90: 73–80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Artunduaga IR, Taliaferro CM, Johnson BL (1988) Effects of auxin concentration on induction and growth of embryogenic callus from young inflorescence expiants of Old World bluestem (Bothriochloa spp.) and bermuda (Cynodon spp.) grasses. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 12:13–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Artunduaga IR, Taliaferro CM, Johnson BB (1989) Induction and growth of callus from immature inflorescences of “Zebra” bermudagrass as affected by casein hydrolysate and 2,4-D concentration. In vitro Cell Dev Biol 25: 753–756

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asano Y (1989) Somatic embryogenesis and protoplast culture in Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica). Plant Cell Rep 8: 141–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atkin RK, Barton GE (1973) The establishment of tissue cultures of temperate grasses. J Exp Bot 24: 689–699

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blanche FC, Krans JV, Coats GE (1986) Improvement in callus growth and plantlet formation in creeping bentgrass. Crop Sci 26: 1245–1248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bovo OA, Mroginski LA (1986) Tissue culture in Paspalum (Gramineae): plant regeneration from cultured inflorescences. J Plant Physiol 124: 481–492

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd LA, Dale PJ (1986) Callus production and plant regeneration from mature embryos of Poa pratensis L. Plant Breed 97: 246–254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chandler SF, Vasil IK (1984) Optimization of plant regeneration from long term embryogenic callus cultures of Pennisetum purpureum Schum. (Napier grass). J Plant Physiol 117: 147–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen CH, Stenberg NE, Ross JG (1977) Clonal propagation of big bluestem by tissue culture. Crop Sci 17: 847–850

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen CH, Lo PF, Ross JG (1979) Regeneration of plantlets from callus cultures of indiangrass. Crop Sci 19: 117–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cobb BG, Vanderzee D, Loescher WH, Kennedy RA (1985) Evidence for plantlet regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in the grasses Echinochloa muricata and E. crus-galli var. oryzicola. Plant Sci 40: 121–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conger BV, Carabia JV (1978) Callus induction and plantlet regeneration in orchardgrass. Crop Sci 18: 157–159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conger BV, McDaniel JK (1983) Use of callus cultures to screen tall fescue seed samples for Acremonium coenophialum. Crop Sci 23: 172–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conger BV, Carabia JV, Lowe KW (1978) Comparison of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T on callus induction and growth in three Gramineae species. Environ Exp Bot 18: 163–168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conger BV, Hilenski LL, Lowe KW, Carabia JV (1982) Influence of different auxins at varying concentrations on callus induction and growth from embryo and leaf-tip expiants in Gramineae. Environ Exp Bot 22: 39–48

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conger BV, Hanning GE, Gray DJ, McDaniel JK (1983) Direct embryogenesis from mesophyll cells of orchardgrass. Science 221: 850–851

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Creemers-Molenaar J, Loeffen JPM, Van der Valk P (1988) The effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and donor plant environment on plant regeneration from immature inflorescence-derived callus of Lolium perenne L. and Lolium multiflorum L. Plant Sci 57: 165–172

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Croughan SS, Quisenberry SS, Eichhorn MM, Colyer PD, Brown TF (1994) Registration of Brazos-R3 bermudagrass germplasm. Crop Sci 34: 542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dahleen LS, Èizenga GC (1990) Meiotic and isozymic characterization of plants regenerated from euploid and selfed monosomic tall fescue embryos. Theor Appl Genet 79: 39–44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dale PJ (1980) Embryoids from cultured immature embryos of Lolium multiflorum. Z Pflanzenphysiol 100: 73–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale PJ, Thomas E, Brettell RIS, Wernicke W (1981) Embryogenesis from cultured immature inflorescences and nodes of Lolium multiflorum. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 1: 47–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denchev PD, Conger BV (1994) Plant regeneration from callus cultures of Switchgrass. Crop Sci 34: 1623–1627

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denchev PD, Conger BV (1995) In vitro culture of switchgrass: Influence of 2,4-D and picloram in combination with benzyladenine on callus initiation and regeneration. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 40: 43–48

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan RR (1996) Tissue culture-induced variation and crop improvement. Adv Agron 58: 201–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Eapen S, George L (1989) High frequency plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis in finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn). Plant Sci 61: 27–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eapen S, George L (1990) Influence of phytohormones, carbohydrates, amino acids, growth supplements and antibiotics on somatic embryogenesis and plant differentiation in finger millet. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 22: 87–93

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Echenique V, Polci P, Mroginski L (1996) Plant regeneration in weeping lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula) through inflorescence culture. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 46: 123–130

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eizenga GC (1989) Meiotic analysis of tall fescue somaclones. Genome 32: 373–379

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eizenga GC, Cornelius PL (1991) Comparison of the isozyme variation in tall fescue parents and their somaclones. Euphytica 51: 249–256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eizenga GC, Dahleen LS (1990) Callus production, regeneration and evaluation of plants from cultured inflorescences of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 22: 7–15

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans DA (1989) Somaclonal variation — genetic basis and breeding applications. Trends Genet 5: 46–50

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans DA, Sharp WR, Medina-Filho HP (1984) Somaclonal and gametoclonal variation. Am J Bot 71: 759–774

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fladung M, Hesselbach J (1986) Callus induction and plant regeneration in Panicum bisulcatum and Panicum milioides. Plant Cell Rep 3: 169–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Franklin CI, Trieu TN, Gonzales RA (1990) Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis in the forage grass Caucasian bluestem (Bothriochloa caucasica). Plant Cell Rep 9: 443–446

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gamborg OL, Murashige T, Thorpe TA, Vasil IK (1976) Plant tissue culture media. In Vitro 12: 473–478

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia A, Dalton SJ, Humphreys MO (1994) Reproductive disturbances and phospho-glucoisomerase instability in Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue) plants regenerated from callus and cell suspension cultures. Heredity 73: 355–362

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gavin AL, Conger BV, Trigiano RN (1989) Sexual transmission of somatic embryogenesis in Dactylis glomerata. Plant Breed 103: 251–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzales RA, Franks E (1987) Induction of morphogenically competent callus and suspension cell cultures from leaf expiants and mature seeds of Digitaria sanguinalis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 23: 581–584

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gray DJ (1990) Somatic cell culture and embryogenesis in the Poaceae. In: Kasperbauer MJ (ed) Biotechnology in tall fescue improvement. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 25–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Gyulai G, Janovszky J, Kiss E, Lelik L, Csillag A, Heszky LE (1992) Callus initiation and plant regeneration from inflorescence primordia of the intergeneric hybrid Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. × Bromus inermis Leyss. cv. nanus on a modified nutritive medium. Plant Cell Rep 11: 266–269

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanna WW, Lu C, Vasil IK (1984) Uniformity of plants regenerated from somatic embryos of Panicum maximum Jacq. (Guinea grass). Theor Appl Genet 67: 155–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanning GE, Conger BV (1982) Embryoid and plantlet formation from leaf segments of Dactylis glomerata L. Theor Appl Genet 63: 155–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanning GE, Conger BV (1986) Factors influencing somatic embryogenesis from cultured leaf segments of Dactylis glomerata. J Plant Physiol 123: 23–29

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haydu Z, Vasil IK (1981) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from leaf tissues and anthers of Pennisetum purpureum Schum. Theor Appl Genet 59: 269–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heszky LE, Binh DQ, Kiss E, Gyulai G (1989) Increase of green plant regeneration efficiency by callus selection in Puccineilla limosa (Schur.) Holmbg. Plant Cell Rep 8: 174–177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heyser JW, Nabors MW (1982) Regeneration of proso millet from embryogenic calli derived from various plant parts. Crop Sci 22: 1070–1074

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson JA, Dale PJ (1988) Callus induction, plant regeneration and an assessment of cytological variation in regenerated plants of Lolium multiflorum L. J Plant Physiol 132: 351–355

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson JA, Dale PJ (1989) Somaclonal variation in Lolium multiflorum L. and L. temulentum L. Plant Cell Rep 8: 161–164

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson JA, Dalton SJ, Dale PJ (1986) Plant regeneration from root callus in the forage grass Lolium multiflorum. In: Withers LA, Alderson PJ (eds) Plant tissue culture and its agricultural applications. Butterworths, London, pp 85–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Joarder OI, Joarder NH, Dale PJ (1986) In vitro response of leaf tissues from Lolium multiflorum — a comparison with leaf segment position, leaf age and in vivo mitotic activity. Theor Appl Genet 73: 286–291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson MC, Bush LP, Siegel MR (1986) Infection of tall fescue with Acremonium coenophialum by means of callus culture. Plant Dis 70: 380–382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kasperbauer MJ, Buckner RC, Bush LP (1979) Tissue culture of annual ryegrass X tall fescue hybrids: callus establishment and plant regeneration. Crop Sci 19: 457–460

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaul K (1990) Potential biotechnological approaches. In: Kasperbauer MJ (ed) Biotechnology in tall fescue improvement. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 13–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Kearney JF, Parrot WA, Hill NS (1991) Infection of somatic embryos of tall fescue with Acremonium coenophialum. Crop Sci 31: 979–984

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King PJ, Potrykus I, Thomas E (1978) In vitro genetics of cereals: problems and perspectives. Physiol Veg 16: 381–399

    Google Scholar 

  • Krans JV, Henning VT, Torres KC (1982) Callus induction, maintenance and plantlet regeneration in creeping bentgrass. Crop Sci 22: 1193–1197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuo YJ, Smith MAL (1993) Plant regeneration from St. Augustinegrass immature embryo-derived callus. Crop Sci 33: 1394–1396

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larkin PJ, Scowcroft WR (1981) Somaclonal variation — a novel source of variability from cell cultures for plant improvement. Theor Appl Genet 60: 197–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Linsmaier EM, Skoog F (1965) Organic growth factor requirement for tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 18: 100–127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lo PF, Chen CH, Ross JG (1980) Vegetative propagation of temperate forage grasses through callus culture. Crop Sci 20: 363–367

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lorz H, Gobel E, Brown P (1988) Advances in tissue culture and progress towards genetic transformation of cereals. Plant Breed 100: 1–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lowe KW, Conger BV (1979) Root and shoot formation from callus cultures of tall fescue. Crop Sci 19: 397–400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu CY, Vasil IK (1981) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from leaf tissues of Panicum maximum Jacq. Theor Appl Genet 59: 275–280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu CY, Vasil IK (1982) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in tissue cultures of Panicum maximum Jacq. Am J Bot 69: 77–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marousky FJ, West SH (1990) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cultured mature caryopses of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 20: 125–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McDonnell RE, Conger BV (1984) Callus induction and plantlet formation from mature embryo expiants of Kentucky bluegrass. Crop Sci 24: 573–578

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Metzinger BD, Taliaferro CM, Johnson BB, Mitchell ED (1987) In vitro regeneration of apomictic bluestem grasses. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 10: 31–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohanty BD, Gupta SD, Ghosh PD (1985) Callus initiation and plant regeneration in ragi (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 5: 147–150

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morrish F, Vasil V, Vasil IK (1987) Developmental morphogenesis and genetic manipulation in tissue and cell cultures of the Gramineae. Adv Genet 24: 431–499

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morrish FM, Hanna WW, Vasil IK (1990) The expression and perpetuation of inherent somatic variation in the regenerants from embryogenic cultures of Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. (pearl millet). Theor Appl Genet 80: 409–416

    Google Scholar 

  • Mucciarelli M, Gallino M, Scannerini S, Maffei M (1993) Callus induction and plant regeneration in Vetiveria zizanioides. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 35: 267–271

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol Plant 15: 473–497

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagarathna KC, Shetty SA, Harinarayana G, Shetty HS (1993) Selection for downy mildew resistance from the regenerants of pearl millet. Plant Sci 90: 53–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norstog KJ (1956) Growth of rye-grass endosperm in vitro. Bot Gaz 117: 253–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olesen A, Storgaard M, Madsen S, Andersen SB (1995) Somatic in vitro culture response of Lolium perenne L.: genetic effects and correlations with anther culture. Euphytica 86: 199–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Osuna-Avila P, Nava-Cedillo A, Jofre-Garfias AE, Cabrera-Ponce JL (1995) Plant regeneration from shoot apex expiants of foxtail millet. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 40: 33–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park CH, Walton PD (1989a) Embryogenesis and plant regeneration from tissue culture of Canada wildrye, Elymus canadensis L. Plant Cell Rep 8: 289–291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park CH, Walton PD (1989b) Morphology and cytology of tissue culture derived octoploid of Elymus canadensis and its selfed progeny. Plant Breed 102: 208–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park CH, Kumar PS, Walton PD (1990) Plant regeneration and chromosomal stability in tissue cultures of the hybrids of Elymus canadensis with Psathyrostachys juncea and Secale cereale. Plant Breed 104: 184–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pius J, George L, Eapen S, Rao PS (1993) Enhanced plant regeneration in pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) by ethylene inhibitors and cefotaxime. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 32: 91–96

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Posselt UK, Altpeter F (1994) Improvement of snow mould resistance by conventional and in vitro techniques. Euphytica 77: 251–255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rajasekaran K, Schank SC, Vasil IK (1986) Characterization of biomass production, cytology and phenotypes of plants regenerated from embryogenic callus cultures of Pennisetum americanum × P. purpureum (hybrid triploid napiergrass). Theor Appl Genet 73: 4–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rangan TS (1974) Morphogenic investigations on tissue cultures of Panicum miliaceum. Z Pflanzenphysiol 72: 456–459

    Google Scholar 

  • Rangan TS (1976) Growth and plantlet regeneration in tissue cultures of some Indian millets: Paspalum scrobiculatum L., Eleusine coracana Gaertn. and Pennisetum typhoideum Pers. Z Pflanzenphysiol 78: 208–216

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rangan TS, Vasil IK (1983) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in tissue cultures of Panicum miliaceum L. and Panicum miliare Lamk. Z Pflanzenphysiol 109: 49–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Reed JN, Conger BV (1985) Meiotic analysis of tall fescue plants regenerated from callus cultures. Environ Exp Bot 25: 277–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ross AH, Manners JM, Birch RG (1995) Embryogenic callus production, plant regeneration and transient gene expression following particle bombardment in the pasture grass, Cenchrus ciliaris (Gramineae). Aust J Bot 43: 193–199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roylance JT, Hill NS, Parrot WA (1994) Detection of somaclonal variation in tissue culture regenerants of tall fescue. Crop Sci 34: 1369–1372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Samantaray S, Rout GR, Das P (1995) In vitro plant regeneration from leaf base and mesocotyl cultures of Echinochloa colona. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 40: 37–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Samantaray S, Rout GR, Das P (1997) Regeneration of plants via somatic embryogenesis from leafbase and leaf tip segments of Echinochloa colona. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 47: 119–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sangwan RS, Gorenflot R (1975) In vitro culture of Phragmites tissues. Callus formation, organ differentiation and cell suspension culture. Z Pflanzenphysiol 75: 256–269

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sankhla A, Davis TD, Sankhla D, Sankhla N, Upadhyaya A, Joshi S (1992) Influence of growth regulators on somatic embryogenesis, plantlet regeneration, and post-transplant survival of Echinochloa frumentacea. Plant Cell Rep 11: 368–371

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schenk RU, Hildebrandt AC (1972) Medium and techniques for induction and growth of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant cell cultures. Can J Bot 50: 199–204

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shatters RG, Wheeler RA, West SH (1994) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from callus cultures of “Tifton 9” Bahiagrass. Crop Sci 34: 1378–1384

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shenoy VB, Vasil IK (1992) Biochemical and molecular analysis of plants derived from embryogenie tissue cultures of napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum K. Schum). Theor Appl Genet 83: 947–955

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sivadas P, Kothari SL, Chandra N (1990) High frequency embryoid and plantlet formation from tissue cultures of the finger millet — Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. Plant Cell Rep 9: 93–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skene KGM, Barlass M (1983) Regeneration of plants from callus cultures of Lolium rigidum. Z Pflanzenzuchtg 90: 130–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Songstad DD, Chen CH, Boe AA (1986) Plant regeneration in callus cultures derived from young inflorescences of little bluestem. Crop Sci 26: 827–829

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spangenberg G, Wang ZY, Nagel J, Potrykus I (1994) Protoplast culture and generation of transgenic plants in red fescue (Festuca rubra L.). Plant Sci 97: 83–94

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swedlund B, Vasil IK (1985) Cytogenetic characterization of embryogenic callus and regenerated plants of Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. Schum. Theor Appl Genet 69: 575–581

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi A, Sakuragi Y, Kamada H, Ishizuka K (1984) Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis in barnyardgrass, Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing. Plant Sci Lett 36: 161–163

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takamizo T, Fukase N, Saruwatari Y, Suginobu KI (1994) Genetic variation in plant regeneration from callus culture of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cultivars. JARQ 28: 200–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Talwar M, Rashid A (1989) Somatic embryo formation from unemerged inflorescences and immature embryos of a graminaceous crop Echinochloa. Ann Bot 64: 195–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Torello WA, Symington AG (1984) Regeneration from perennial ryegrass callus tissue. HortScience 19: 56–57

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Torello WA, Symington AG, Rufner R (1984) Callus initiation, plant regeneration, and evidence of somatic embryogenesis in red fescue. Crop Sci 24: 1037–1040

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Torello WA, Rufner R, Symington AG (1985) The ontogeny of somatic embryos from long-term callus cultures of red fescue. HortScience 20: 938–942

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyagi AK, Bharal S, Rashid A, Maheshwari N (1985) Plant regeneration from tissue cultures initiated from immature inflorescences of a grass, Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link. Plant Cell Rep 4: 115–117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Ark HF, Zaal MACM, Creemers-Molenaar J, Van der Valk P (1991) Improvement of the tissue culture response of seed-derived callus cultures of Poa pratensis L.: effect of gelling agent and abscisic acid. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 27: 275–280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Valk P, Zaal MACM, Creemers-Molenaar J (1989) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in inflorescence and seed derived callus cultures of Poa pratensis L. (Kentucky bluegrass). Plant Cell Rep 7: 644–647

    Google Scholar 

  • Van der Valk P, Ruis F, Tettelaar-Schrier AM, Van der Velde CM (1995) Optimizing plant regeneration from seed-derived callus cultures of Kentucky bluegrass. The effect of benzyladenine. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 40: 101–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasil IK (1983) Regeneration of plants from single cells of cereals and grasses. In: Lurquin P, Kleinhofs A (eds) Genetic engineering of eukaryotes. Plenum Press, New York, pp 233–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasil IK (1987) Developing cell and tissue culture systems for the improvement of cereals and grass crops. J Plant Physiol 128: 193–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasil V, Vasil IK (1981) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from tissue cultures of Pennisetum americanum and P. americanum X P. purpureum hybrid. Am J Bot 68: 864–872

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasil V, Vasil IK (1982) The ontogeny of somatic embryos of Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. Schum. I. In cultured immature embryos. Bot Gaz 143: 454–465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang DY, Vasil IK (1982) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from inflorescence segments of Pennisetum purpureum Schum. (napier or elephant grass). Plant Sci Lett 25: 147–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang DY, Yan K (1984) Somatic embryogenesis in Echinochloa crusgalli. Plant Cell Rep 3: 88–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang ZY, Vallés MP, Montavon P, Potrykus I, Spangenberg G (1993a) Fertile plant regeneration from protoplasts of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.). Plant Cell Rep 12: 95–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang ZY, Nagel J, Potrykus I, Spangenberg G (1993b) Plants from cell suspension-derived protoplasts in Lolium species. Plant Sci 94: 179–193

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wenck AR, Conger BV, Trigiano RN, Sams CE (1988) Inhibition of somatic embryogenesis in orchardgrass by endogenous cytokinins. Plant Physiol 88: 990–992

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White PR (1943) A handbook of plant tissue culture. Jaques Cattell, Lancaster.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wu L, Antonovics J (1978) Zinc and copper tolerance of Agrostis stolonifera L. in tissue culture. Am J Bot 65: 268–271

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamada Y (1977) Tissue culture studies on cereals. In: Reinert J, Bajaj YPS (eds) Applied and fundamental aspects of plant cell, tissue, and organ culture. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 144–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaghmout OMF, Torello WA (1988) Enhanced regeneration in long-term callus cultures of red fescue by pretreatment with activated charcoal. HortScience 23: 615–616

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaghmout OMF, Torello WA (1992a) Restoration of regeneration potential of long-term cultures of red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) by elevated sucrose levels. Plant Cell Rep 11: 142–145

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zaghmout OMF, Torello WA (1992b) Plant regeneration from callus and protoplasts of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). J Plant Physiol 140: 101–105

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhong H, Srinivasan C, Sticklen MB (1991) Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.). Plant Cell Rep 10: 453–456

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Agriculture Victoria, Department of Natural Resources and Environment and CRC for Molecular Plant Breeding, La Trobe University, 3083, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia

    Prof. Dr. Germán Spangenberg & Dr. Zeng-Yu Wang

  2. Institute of Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland

    Prof. Dr. Ingo Potrykus

Authors
  1. Prof. Dr. Germán Spangenberg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dr. Zeng-Yu Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Prof. Dr. Ingo Potrykus
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Spangenberg, G., Wang, ZY., Potrykus, I. (1998). Callus Cultures and Somaclonal Variation. In: Biotechnology in Forage and Turf Grass Improvement. Monographs on Theoretical and Applied Genetics, vol 23. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72051-2_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72051-2_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-72053-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-72051-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation