Abstract
Most people occasionally summarize information when they report about a movie or the discussions of a meeting. Students often summarize course materials in order to understand and memorize them better. There are also professions where summarization tasks occur without being regarded as main activities, for instance in journalism. Reporters summarize, for instance, a parliamentary debate or the state of affairs in any other domain, say the financial situation of the national social security system. Researchers typically begin their papers by summarizing the state of knowledge, in order to make their own contribution more easily accessible to readers. In both professions it is advantageous to master the most important summarization techniques, but neither journalists nor researchers regard themselves as summarization professionals. Their main job is to find and to transmit knowledge. Non-specialist summarizing like theirs has been treated in the previous chapter.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
American National Standards Institute (1979): American national standard for writing abstracts. ANSI Z39.14–1979
Mills, J.; Broughton, V. (1977): Bliss bibliographic classification. 2nd edn. London: Butterworths
Beghtol, C. (1986): Bibliographic classification theory and text linguistics: Aboutness analysis, intertextuality and the cognitive act of classifying documents. J. Documentation 42(2)84–113
Bereiter, C; Scardamaglia, M. (1987): The psychology of written composition. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
Borko, H.; Bernier, C.L. (1975): Abstracting concepts and methods. New York: Academic Press
Brewer, W.F.; Nakamura, G.V. (1984): The nature and functions of schemas. WYER84, vol. 1, pp. 119–160
Carver, N.; Lesser, V. (1994): Evolution of blackboard control architectures. Expert Systems with Applications 7:1–30
Cremmins, E. T. (1996): The art of abstracting. 2nd edn. Arlington, VA: Information Resources Press
Diesing, P. (1971): Patterns of discovery in the social sciences. Chicago: Aldine Atherton
Dijk, T. A. van (1980): Macrostructures. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Dillon, A. (1991): Readers’ models of text structures: The case of academic articles. Int. J. Man-Machine Studies 35:913–925
DIN Deutsches Institut fur Normung (1988): DIN 1426: Inhaltsangaben von Dokumenten [Contents of documents]. Berlin: Beuth
Engelmore, R.; Morgan, T. eds. (1988): Blackboard systems. Wokingham, UK: Addison-Wesley
Ericsson, K.A.; Simon, H.A. (1980): Verbal reports as data. Psychological Review 87:215–251
Ericsson, K.A.; Simon, H.A. (1984): Protocol analysis: Verbal reports as data. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
Farrow, J.F. (1991): A cognitive process model for document indexing. J. Documentation 47:2,149–166
Glaser, B.G.; Strauss, A.L. (1980): The discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research. 11th edn. 1980. New York: Aldine Atherton
Groeben, N.; Scheele, B. (1988): Argumente für eine Psychologie des reflexiven Subjekts [Arguments for a psychology of the reflexive subject]. Darmstadt: Steinkopff
Hammond, K.J. (1990): Case-based planning: A framework for planning from experience. Cognitive Science 14:385–443
Hayes, J.R.; Flower, L.S.(1980): Identifying the Organization of Writing Processes. Gregg, L.W.; Steinberg, E.R. eds. (1980): Cognitive processes in writing, pp. 17–35. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
Hovi, I. (1989): The cognitive structure of classification work. Koskiala, S.; Lauvno, R., eds. (1989): Information * Knowledge * Evolution. Proc. of the 44th FID congress, pp. 121–132. Amsterdam: North-Holland
Hovy, E. (1993): Automated discourse generation using discourse structure relations. Artificial Intelligence 63:341–385
Hutchins, W.J. (1977): On the Problem of Aboutness in Document Analysis. J. Informatics 1:1,17–35
(IS085) ISO (1985): ISO Standard 5963–1985(E) Documentation — Methods for examining documents, determining their subjects, and selecting index terms
Johnson-Laird, P.N. (1983): Mental models. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
Jones, K.P. (1983): How do we index?: a report of some Aslib Informatics group activity. J. Documentation 39:1–23
Kintsch, W.; Dijk, T.A. van (1978): Toward a model of text comprehension. Psychological Review 85:363–394
Kintsch, W.; Dijk, T.A. van (1983): Strategies of Discourse Comprehension. Orlando, FL: Academic Press
Lancaster, F.W. (1991): Indexing and abstracting in theory and practice. London: Library Association
Langridge, D.W. (1989): Subject analysis: Principles and procedures. London: Bowker-Saur
Liddy, E.D. (1991): The discourse-level structure of empirical abstracts: An exploratory study. Information Processing and Management 27:1,55–81
Lincoln, Y.S.; Guba, E.G. (1985): Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage
Lindsay, P.; Norman, D.A. (1981): Einführung in die Psychologie [Original English title: Human information processing]. Berlin: Springer.
Mann, W.C.; Thompson, S.A. (1988): Rhetorical Structure Theory: Toward a functional theory of text organization. Text 8:3,243–281
Mayring, P. (1990): Einführung in die qualitative Sozialforschung [Introduction to qualitative social research]. München: Psychologie-Verlags-Union
Pinto Molina, M. (1994): Interdisciplinary approaches to the concept and practice of written text documentary content analysis (WTDCA). J. Documentation 50:2,111–133
Pinto Molina, M. (1995): Documentary abstracting: Toward a methodological model. J. American Society for Information Science 46:3,225–234
Norman, D.A. (1983): Some observations on mental models, in Gentner, D.; Stevens, A.L. eds. (1983): Mental models, pp. 7–14. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
Paris, S.G.; Lipson, M.Y.; Wixson, K.K. (1983): Becoming a strategic reader. Contemporary Educational Psychology 8:293–316
Pugh, A.K. (1978): Silent reading. An introduction to its study and teaching. London: Heinemann
Rowley, J. (1982/88): Abstracting and indexing. London: Bingley
Rumelhart, D.E. (1984): Schema and the cognitive system. WYER84, vol.1, pp. 161–189
Schreiber, G., Wielinga, B., & Breuker, J. (1993): KADS. A principled approach to knowledge based system development. London: Academic Press
Strauss, A. L. (1987): Qualitative analysis for social scientists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Thorndyke, P.W.; Hayes-Roth, B. (1979): The use of schemata in the acquisition and transfer of knowledge. Cognitive Psychology 11:82–106
Winograd, T. (1983): Language as a cognitive process. Reading, MA: Ad-dison-Wesley
Wyer, R.S.; Srull, T.K., eds. (1984): Handbook of social cognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Endres-Niggemeyer, B. et al. (1998). Professional Summarizing. In: Summarizing Information. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72025-3_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72025-3_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-72027-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-72025-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive