Abstract
In the West, colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in males and the third among females, with about 180 000 new cases being diagnosed per year in Western Europe. The overall 5-year mortality rate is 50–60% after complete tumor removal (R0), whereas it is very poor after R1/2 resections. Once the tumor has metastazised, almost all therapeutic approaches — chemotherapy with cytostatic drugs, immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies directed to surface (glyco-)proteins of the tumor cells, gene therapy with transduction of genes to stimulate antitumor inflammation or to reconstitute mutations, and several others — have proved to be of limited efficacy.
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Dietel, M. (1998). Molecular Pathology of Colorectal Cancer: From Phenotype to Genotype. In: Schlag, P.M. (eds) Rectal Cancer. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 146. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71967-7_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71967-7_1
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