Abstract
As pharmacologists, we seek to find new drugs by many different interventions—anti-thrombotics or vasodilators for vascular disease, bronchodilators for asthma, antisecretory or cytoprotective drugs for ulcers, uterotropic substances and so on, but a single compound which has all of these activities (like some of the prostaglandins) does not make a useful drug—especially if it also causes diarrhoea. We have to have selectivity. The first real indication of selectivity in a prostaglandin with the possibility of therapeutic potential came with the discovery of prostacyclin (for review, see Vane 1982). The rest of the therapeutic promise arising from recent discoveries in the field of arachidonic acid metabolism is associated with enzyme inhibitors or eicosanoid antagonists.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ahmed T, Greenblatt DW, Birch S, Marchette B, Wanner A (1981) Abnormal mucociliary transport in allergic patients with antigen-induced bronchospasm: Role of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis. Ann Rev Resp Dis 124: 110–114
Austen KF (1978) Homeostasis of effector systems which can also be recruited for immunologic reactions. J Immunol 121: 793–805
Bailey JM, Muza B, Hla T, Salata K (1985) Restoration of prostacyclin synthase in vascular smooth muscle cells after aspirin treatment: regulation by epidermal growth factor. J Lipid Res 26: 54–61
Bergstrom S, Danielsson H, Samuelsson B (1964) The enzymatic formation of prostaglandin E2 from arachidonic acid. Prostaglandins and related factors, 32. Biochim Biophys Acta 90: 207–210
Blackwell GJ, Carnuccio R, DiRosa M, Flower RJ, Parente L, Persico P (1980) Macrocortin: A polypeptide causing the anti-phospholipase effect of glucocorticoids. Nature 287: 147–149
Borgeat P, Hamberg M, Samuelsson B (1976) Transformation of arachidonic acid and dihomo-γ- linolenic acid by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Biol Chem 251: 7816–7820
Bray MA (1984) Retinoids are potent inhibitors of the generation of rat leukocyte leukotriene B4- like activity in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 98: 61–67
Brune K, Lanz R (1985) Pharmacokinetics of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In: Bonta IL, Bray MA, Parnham MJ (eds) Handbook of Inflammation. 5, Elsevier, pp 413–449
Christ-Hazelhof E, Nugteren DH (1979) Purification and characterisation of prostaglandin endoperoxide D-isomerase, a cytoplasmic glutathione-containing enzyme. Biochim Biophys Acta 572: 43–51
Cloix JF, Colard O, Rothhut B, Russo-Marie F (1983) Characterisation and partical purification of renocortins: two polypeptides formed in renal cells causing the anti-phospholipase-like action of glucocorticoids. Br J Pharmacol 79: 313–321
Corey EJ, Munroe JE (1982) Irreversible inhibition of prostaglandin and leukotriene biosynthesis from arachidonic acid by 11,12-dehydro- and 5,6-dehydro-arachidonic acids respectively. J Am ChemSoc 104: 1752–1754
Corey EJ, Park H (1982) Irreversible inhibition of the enzymic oxidation of arachidonic acid to 15 (hydroperoxy)-5,8,ll(Z), 13 (E)-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HPETE) by 14,15-dehydro- araehidonic acid. J Am Chem Soc 104: 1750–1752
Creticos PS, Peters SP, Adkinson NF Jr, Naclerio RM, Hayes EC, Norman PS, Lichtenstein LM (1984) Peptide leukotriene release after antigen challenge in patients sensitive to ragweed. N Engl J Med 310: 1626–1630
Davis P, Allison AC (1978) The release of hydrolytic enzymes from phagocytic and other cells participating in acute and chronic inflammation. In: Vane JR, Ferreira SH (eds) Inflammation. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 267–294
DiRosa M, Flower RJ, Hirata F, Parente L, Russo-Marie F (1984) Anti-phospholipase proteins. Prostaglandins 28: 441–442
Dreser H (1899) Pharmakologisches über Aspirin (Acetylsalicylsäure). Pflugers Arch 76: 306–318
Everitt BJ, Bentley JA, Spiegel WD, Porter NA (1979) Inhibition of anaphylactic and arachidonic acid-induced contractions of guinea-pig isolated trachea by a cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitor. Pharmacologist 21: 153
Ferreira SH (1972) Prostaglandins, aspirin-like drugs and analgesia. Nature 240: 200–203
Ferreira SH, Moncada S, Vane JR (1971) Indomethacin and aspirin abolish prostaglandin release from the spleen. Nature 231: 237–239
Fitzgerald GA, Reilly I AG, Pedersen AK (1985) The biochemical pharmacology of thromboxane synthase inhibition in man. Circulation 72: 1194–1201
Flower RJ (1974) Drugs which inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis. Pharmacol Rev 26: 33–67
Hamberg M (1972) Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in man. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 49: 720–726
Hamberg M (1976) On the formation of thromboxane B2 and 12L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetra-enoic acid (12ho-20:4) in tissues from the guinea-pig. Biochim Biophys Acta 431: 651–654
Hamberg M, Samuelsson B (1974) Prostaglandin endoperoxides. Novel transformations of arachidonic acid in human platelets. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 71: 3400–3404
Hamberg M, Svensson J, Samuelsson B (1975) Thromboxanes: A new group of biologically active compounds derived from prostaglandin endoperoxides. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 72: 2994–2998
Hammarström S, Hamberg M, Samuelsson B, Duell EA, Staiwski M, Voorhees JJ (1975) Increased concentrations of non-esterified arachidonic acid, 12L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2 in epidermis of psoriasis. Proc Natl Acad Scie USA 72: 5130–5134
Harvey J, Parish H, Ho PPK, Boot JR, Dawson W (1983) The preferential inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase product formation by benoxaprofen. J Pharm Pharmacol 35: 44–45
Heavey DJ, Barrow SE, Hickling NE, Ritter JM (1985) Aspirin causes short-lived inhibition of bradykinin-stimulated prostacyclin production in man. Nature 318: 186 - 188
Henderson B, Higgs GA, Salmon JA, Vane JR (1986) Is aspirin a pro-drug for salicylate? Br J Pharmacol 88: 400 p
Higgs GA, Mugridge KG (1982) The effects on carrageenin-induced inflammation of compounds which interfere with arachidonic acid metabolism. Br J Pharmacol 76: 284 p
Higgs GA, Vane JR, Hart FD, Wojtulewski JA (1974) Effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on prostaglandins in rheumatoid arthritis. In: Robinson J, Vane JR (eds) Prostaglandin Synthetase Inhibitors. Raven, New York, pp 165–173
Higgs GA, Moncada S, Vane JR (1978) Inflammatory effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) and 6-oxo- PGFX in the rat paw. Prostaglandins 16: 153–162
Higgs GA, Flower RJ, Vane JR (1979) A new approach to anti-inflammatory drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 28: 1959–1961
Higgs GA, Moncada S, Salmon JA, Seager K (1983) The source of prostaglandins and thromboxane in experimental inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 79: 863–868
Higgs GA, Moncada S, Vane JR (1984a) Eicosanoids in inflammation. Ann Clin Res 16:287–299
Higgs GA, Mugridge KG, Moncada S, Vane JR (1984b) Inhibition of tissue damage by the arachi-donate lipoxygenase inhibitor BW755C. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 2890–2892
Hirata F, Schiffmann E, Venkatasubramanian K, Salomon D, Axelrod JA (1980) A phospholipase A2 inhibitory protein in rabbit neutrophils induced by glucocorticoids. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 2533–2536
Holroyde MC, Altounyan REC, Cole M, Dixon M, Elliott EV (1981) Bronchoeonstriction produced in man by leukotrienes C and D. Lancet 2: 17–18
Jaffe EA, Weksler BB (1979) Recovery of endothelial cell prostacyclin production after inhibition by low doses of aspirin. J Clin Invest 63: 532–535
Jakschik BA, Kuo CG (1983) Subcellular localisation of leukotriene-forming enzymes. Adv Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukotriene Res 11: 141–145
Johnson M, Carey F, McMillan RM (1983) Alternative pathways of arachidonate metabolism: prostaglandins, thromboxane and leukotrienes. Essays in Biochem 19: 4–41
Kay AB (1983) The sputum in bronchial asthma. In: Godfrey S, Clark TJH (eds) Asthma. Chap¬man and Hall, London, pp 99–110
Koshihara Y, Neichi T, Murota SI, Lao AN, Fukimoto Y, Tatsuno T (1984) Caffeic acid is a selective inhibitor for leukotriene biosynthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 792: 92–97
Lewis RA, Austen KF, Drazen JM, Soter NA, Figueiredo JC, Corey EJ (1982) Structure, function and metabolism of leukotriene constituents of SRS-A. Adv Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukotriene Res 10: 137–151
Lucchesi BR, Jolly SR, Baslie MB, Abrams GD (1982) Protection of ischaemic myocardium by BW755C. Fed Proc 41: 1737
Maycock AL, Anderson MS, De Sousa DM, Kuehl FA (1982) Leukotriene A4: preparation and enzymatic conversion in a cell free system to leukotriene B4. J Biol Chem 257: 13911–13914
Moncada S, Gryglewski RJ, Bunting S, Vane JR (1976) An enzyme isolated from arteries transforms prostaglandin endoperoxides to an unstable substance that inhibits platelet aggregation. Nature 263: 663–665
Moncada S, Bunting S, Mullane K, Thorogood P, Vane JR, Raz A, Needleman P (1977a) Imidazole; a selective inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase. Prostaglandins 13: 611–618
Moncada S, Herman AG, Higgs EA, Vane JR (1977b) Differential formation of prostacyclin (PGX or PGI2) by layers of the arterial wall. An explanation for the anti-thrombotic properties of vascular endothelium. Thromb Res 11: 323–344
Moncada S, Vane JR (1978) Pharmacology and endogenous roles of prostaglandin endoperoxides,thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin. Pharmacol Rev 30: 293–331
Morley J, Bray MA, Jones RW, Nugteren DH, Van Dorp DA (1979) Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leukocytes. Prostaglandins 17: 730–736
Mullane KM, Moncada S (1982) The salvage of ischaemic myocardium by BW755C in anaesthetized dogs. Prostaglandins 24: 255–266
Murphy RC, Hammarström S, Samuelsson B (1979) Leukotriene C: a slow-reacting substance from murine mastocytoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 4275–4279
Needleman P, Moncada S, Bunting S, Vane JR, Hamberg M, Samuelsson B (1976) Identification of an enzyme in platelet microsomes which generates thromboxane A2 from prostaglandin endoperoxides. Nature 261: 558–560
Nijkamp FP, Ramakers AGM (1980) Prevention of anaphylactic bronehoconstriction by a lipoxygenase inhibitor. Eur J Pharmacol 62: 121–122
Ogino N, Miyamoto T, Yamamoto S, Hayaishi O (1977) Prostaglandin endoperoxide E isomerase from bovine vesicular gland microsomes, a glutathione-requiring enzyme. J Biol Chem 252: 890–895
Palmer MA, Piper PJ, Vane JR (1973) Release of rabbit aorta contracting substance ( RCS) and prostaglandins induced by chemical or mechanical stimulation of guinea-pig lungs. Br J Pharmacol 49: 226–242
Patterson R, Pruzansky JL, Harris KE (1981) An agent which releases basophil and mast cell histamine but blocks cyelo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolism of arachidonic acid inhibits IgE mediated asthma in rhesus monkeys. J Allergy Clin Immunol 67: 444–449
Pedersen AK, Fitzgerald GA (1984) Dose-related kinetics of aspirin. Presystemic acetylation of platelet cyclo-oxygenase. N Engl J Med 311: 1206–1211
Piper PJ, Vane JR (1969) The release of additional factors in anaphylaxis and its antagonism by anti-inflammatory drugs. Nature 223: 29–35
Rae SA, Davidson EM, Smith MJH (1982) Leukotriene B4, an inflammatory mediator in gout. Lancet 2: 1122–1124
Randall RW, Eakins KE, Higgs GA, Salmon JA, Tateson JE (1980) Inhibition of arachidonic acid cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase activities of leukocytes by indomethacin and compound BW755C. Agents and Actions 10: 553–555
Salmon JA, Simmons PM, Moncada S (1983) The effects of BW755C and other anti-inflammatory drugs on eicosanoid concentrations and leukocyte accumulation in experimentally-induced acute inflammation. J Pharm Pharmacol 35: 808–813
Salmon J A, Higgs GA, Tilling L, Moncada S, Vane JR (1984) Mode of action of benoxaprofen. Lancet 1: 848
Samuelsson B (1983) Leukotrienes: Mediators of immediate hypersensitivity reactions and inflam-mation. Science 220: 568–575
Saxena PN, Beg MMA, Singhal KC, Ahmad M (1979) Prostaglandin-like activity in the cerebrospinal fluid of febrile patients. Indian J Med Res 79: 495–498
Schwartzmann M, Ferreri NR, Carroll MA, Songa-Mize E, McGiff JC (1985) Renal cytochrome P4S0-related arachidonate metabolite inhibits ( Na+ + K+) ATPase. Nature 314: 620–622
Sekiya K, Okuda H (1982) Selective inhibition of platelet lipoxygenase by baicalein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 105: 1090–1095
Sekiya K, Okuda H, Arichi S (1982) Selective inhibition of platelet lipoxygenase by esculetin. Biochem Biophys Acta 713: 68–72
Shen TY (1979) Prostaglandin Synthetase Inhibitors. In: Vane JR, Ferreira SH (eds) Anti-inflammatory drugs. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 305–347
Simmons PM, Salmon J A, Moncada S (1983) The release of leukotriene B4 during experimental inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 32: 1353–1359
Smith JB, Willis AL (1971) Aspirin selectively inhibits prostaglandin production in human platelets. Nature 231: 235–237
Smith WL, DeWitt DL, Day JS (1983) Purification, quantitation and localisation of PGI2 synthase using monoclonal antibodies. Adv Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukotriene Res 11: 87–92
Solomon LM, Juhlin L, Kirschenbaum MB (1968) Prostaglandins on cutaneous vasculature. J Invest Dermatol 51: 280–282
Trang LE, Granstrom E, Lovgren O (1977) Levels of prostaglandin F2 and E2 and thromboxane B2 in joint fluid in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 6: 151–154
Van Dorp DA, Beerthuis RK, Nugteren DH, Vonkeman H (1964) The biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Bioehim Biophys Acta 90: 204 - 207
Vane JR (1971) Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis as a mechanism of action for the aspirin-like drugs. Nature 231: 232–235
Vane JR (1982) Prostacyclin: a hormone with a therapeutic potential. J Endocrinol 95: 1–43
Vargaftig BB, Dao Hai N (1972) Selective inhibition by mepacrine of the release of “rabbit aorta contracting substance” evoked by the administration of bradykinin. J Pharm Pharmacol 24: 159–161
Wallner BP, Mattaliano RJ, Hession C, Cate RL, Tizard R, Sinclair LK, Foeller C, Chow EP, Browning JL, Ramachandran KL, Pepinsky RB (1986) Cloning and expression of human lipocortin a phospholipase A2 inhibitor with potential anti-inflammatory activity. Nature 320: 77 - 81
Weiss JW, Drazen JM, Coles N, McFadden ER, Weller PW, Corey EJ, Lewis RA, Austen KF (1982) Bronchoconstrictor effects of leukotriene C in humans. Science 216: 196–198
Williams TJ, Peck MJ (1977) Role of prostaglandin-mediated vasodilation in inflammation. Nature 270: 530–532
Zakrzewski JT, Barnes NC, Piper PJ, Costello JR (1985) Quantitation of leukotrienes in asthmatic sputum. Br J Clin Pharmacol 19: 574 p
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Vane, J.R. (1987). Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and the Arachidonic Acid Cascade. In: Garaci, E., Paoletti, R., Santoro, M.G. (eds) Prostaglandins in Cancer Research. Proceedings in Life Sciences. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71904-2_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71904-2_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-71906-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-71904-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive