Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Optic Nerve Head Blood Flow is Normal in Chronic Experimental Glaucoma

  • Conference paper
Glaucoma Update III

Abstract

For many years, there has been debate over the mechanism by which elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) damages optic nerve fibers in glaucoma. Damage appears to be initiated at the scierai lamina cribrosa, just in front of the myelin line in the optic nerve head (Anderson and Hendrickson 1974; Minckler et al. 1978; Quigley and Green 1979; Quigley et al. 1981b). Physical rearrangements of the lamina occur early in the glaucoma damage process in human eyes, caused by elevated IOP (Quigley et al. 1981b; Quigley et al. 1982; Quigley et al. 1983b). This compression of the ten successive sheets of the lamina, along with the loss of neural tissue from the disk rim are the reason the disk cup looks deeply excavated in the process we call “cupping”. The stretching and collapse of the lamina cribrosa is greatest at the superior and inferior poles of the nerve head, where the loss of fibers is greater (Quigley and Addicks 1981a; Quigley et al. 1981b; Quigley et al. 1983a).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alm A, Bill A (1973) Ocular and optic nerve blood flow at normal and increased intraocular p ressures in monkeys (Macaca irus): a study with radioactively labelled microspheres including flow determinations in brain and some other tissues. Exp Eye Res 15:15–29

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson DR, Hendrickson A (1974) Effect of intraocular pressure on rapid axoplasmic transport in monkey optic nerve. Invest Ophthalmol 13:771–783

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bill A (1985) Some aspects of the ocular circulation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 26:410–424

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drance SM (1977) The visual field of low tension glaucoma and shock-induced optic neuropathy. Arch Ophthalmol 95:1359–1361

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ernest JT (1974) Autoregulation of optic-disk oxygen tension. Invest Ophthalmol 13:101–106

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ernest JT (1976) Optic disc blood flow. Trans ophthalmol Soc U K 96:348–351

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ernest JT (1977) Optic disk oxygen tension. Exp Eye Res 24:271–278

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaasterland D, Kupfer C (1974) Experimental glaucoma in the rhesus monkey. Invest Ophthalmol 13:455–457

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaasterland D, Tanishima T, Kuwabara T (1978) Axoplasmic flow during chronic experimental glaucoma. I. Light and electron microscopic studies of the monkey optic nervehead during development of glaucomatous cupping. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 17:838–846

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geijer C, Bill A (1979) Effects of raised intraocular pressure on retinal, prelaminar, laminar, and retrolaminar optic nerve blood flow in monkeys. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 18:1030–1042

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrington DO (1960) Pathogenesis of the glaucomatous visual field defects: Individual variations in pressure sensitivity. Newell FW (ed) Glaucoma. Transactions of the Fifth Conference sponsored by the Josiah Macy Foundation. Thomas Publishing Co, New York, pp 259–310

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayreh SS (1969) Blood supply of the optic nerve head and its role in optic atrophy, glaucoma, and oedema of the optic disc. Brit J Ophthalmol 53:721–748

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minckler DS, Bunt AH, Klock IB (1978) Radioautographic and cytochemical ultrastructural studies of axoplasmic transport in the monkey optic nerve head. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 17:33–50

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quigley HA, Addicks EM (1981a) Regional differences in the structure of the lamina cribrosa and their relation to glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Arch Ophthalmol 99:137–143

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quigley HA, Green WR (1979) The histology of human glaucoma cupping and optic nerve damage: clinicopathologic correlation in 21 eyes. Ophthalmology 10:1803–1827

    Google Scholar 

  • Quigley HA, Hohman RM (1983b) Laser energy levels for trabecular meshwork damage in the primate eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 24:1305–1306

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quigley HA, Addicks EM, Green WR, Maumenee AE (1981b) Optic nerve damage in human glaucoma. IL The site of injury and susceptibility to damage. Arch Ophthalmol 99:635–649

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quigley HA, Addicks EM, Green WR (1982) Optic nerve damage in human glaucoma. III. Quantitative correlation of nerve fiber loss and visual field defect in glaucoma, ischemie neuropathy, disc edema, and toxic neuropathy. Arch Ophthalmol 100:135–146

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quigley HA, Hohman RM, Addicks EM, Massof RS, Green WR (1983a) Morphologie changes in the lamina cribrosa correlated with neural loss in open-angle glaucoma. Amer J Ophthalmol 95:673–691

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quigley HA, Hohman RM, Addicks EM, Green WR (1984) Blood vessels of the optic disk in chronic glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 25:918–931

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quigley HA, Hohman RM, Sanchez R, Addicks EM (1985) Optic nerve head blood flow in chronic experimental glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol 103:956–962

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakurada O, Kennedy C, Jehle J, Brown JD, Carbin GL, Sokoloff L (1978) Measurement of local cerebral blood flow with iodo(14C)antipyrine. Amer J Physiol 234(1):H59–H66

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sossi N, Anderson DR (1983a) Blockade of axonal transport in optic nerve induced by elevation of IOP. Effect of arterial hypertension induced by angiotensin I. Arch Ophthalmol 101:94–97

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sossi N, Anderson DR (1983b) Effect of elevated intraocular pressure on blood flow. Occurrence in cat optic nerve head studied with iodoantipyrine 1125. Arch Ophthalmol 101:98–101

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein JM, Duckrow RB, Beard D, Brennan RW (1983) Regional optic nerve blood flow and its autoregulation. Invest Ophthahnol Vis Sci 24:1559–1565

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Baltimore, USA

    H. A. Quigley

Authors
  1. H. A. Quigley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 9, D-5000, Köln 41, Germany

    G. K. Krieglstein (Direktor der Universitäts-Augenklinik Köln) (Direktor der Universitäts-Augenklinik Köln)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Quigley, H.A. (1987). Optic Nerve Head Blood Flow is Normal in Chronic Experimental Glaucoma. In: Krieglstein, G.K. (eds) Glaucoma Update III. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71785-7_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71785-7_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-17399-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-71785-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation