Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sympathetic Nervous System in Essential Hypertension: Activity and Reactivity

  • Conference paper
New Aspects in Hypertension Adrenoceptors

  • 52 Accesses

Abstract

So far, only partial aspects of the pathogenesis of essential hypertension (EH) are known. Many findings indicate an increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system in patients with EH. Pathophysiological considerations of the role of the sympathetic nervous system in essential hypertension are based on two findings:

  1. 1.

    The sympathetic nervous system plays a decisive part in maintaining and regulating normal blood pressure.

  2. 2.

    Drugs which interfere with the sympathetic nervous system, such as ganglionic blockers, reserpine, clonidine, methyldopa, and α- and β-blockers are particularly effective in lowering high blood pressure.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Delius W, Hagbarth KE, Hongell A, Wallin BG (1972) Manouevres affecting sympathetic out-flow in human muscle nerves. Acta Physiol Scand 84: 82

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Wallin BG, Delius W, Sundlôf G (1973) Comparison of sympathetic nerve activity in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Circ Res 33: 9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Folkow B, Di Bona GF, Hjemdahl P, Torén PH, Wallin BG (1983) Measurements of plasma norepinephrine concentrations in human primary hypertension. A word of caution of their applicability for assessing neurogenic contributions. Hypertension 5: 399

    Google Scholar 

  4. Goldstein D (1983) Commentary to Folkow et al., réf. 3. Hypertension 5: 402

    Google Scholar 

  5. Yamaguchi N, De Champlain J, Nadeau R (1975) Correlation between the response of the heart to sympathetic stimulation and the release of endogenous catecholamines into the coronary sinus of the dog. Circ Res 36: 662

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Wallin BG, Sundlöf G, Eriksson BM, Dominiak P, Grobecker H, Lindblad LE (1981) Plasma noradrenaline correlates to sympathetic muscle nerve activity in normotensive man. Acta Physiol Scand 111: 69

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Goldstein DS, McCarty R, Polinsky RJ, Kopin IJ (1983) Relationship between plasma norepinephrine and sympathetic neural activity. Hypertension 5: 552

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. de Champlain J (1978) The contribution of the sympathetic nervous system to arterial hypertension. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 56: 341

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Philipp T, Distler A, Hecking E, Lindmar R, Planz J, Schumann G, Wolff HP (1975) Reactivity to tyramine and norepinephrine, plasma dopamines β-hydroxylase activity and norepinephrine excretion in hypertensive patients with normal and with low plasma renin concentration. Front Int Med 86, Karger-Verlag, Basel

    Google Scholar 

  10. Distler A, Philipp T (1980) Role of sympathetic nervous system in essential hypertension. Contrib Nephrol 23: 150

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Goldstein DS (1981) Plasma norepinephrine in essential hypertension. Hypertension 3: 48

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Goldstein DS (1983) Plasma catecholamines and essential hypertension. An analytical review. Hypertension 5: 86

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Goldstein DS, Lake CR, Chernow B, Ziegler MG, Coleman MD, Taylor AA, Mitchell JR, Kopin IJ, Keiser HR (1983) Age-dependence of hypertensive-normotensive differences in plasma norepinephrine. Hypertension 5: 100

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bolli P, Amann FW, Hulthen L, Kiowski W, Buhler FR (1981) Elevated plasma adrenaline reflects sympathetic overactivity and enhanced α-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction in es-sential hypertension. Clin Sci 61: 161s

    Google Scholar 

  15. Louis WJ, Doyle AE, Anavekar SN, Johnston CI, Geffen LB, Rush R (1974) Plasma catecholamine, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, and renin levels in essential hypertension. Circ Res 34/35 [Suppl 1]: 57

    Google Scholar 

  16. Stone RA, Gunnells JC, Robinson RR, Schanberg SM, Kirshner N (1974) Dopamine-beta-hy- droxylase in primary and secondary hypertension. Circ Res 34 [Suppl 1]: 1 - 47

    Google Scholar 

  17. Aoki K, Tazumi K, Takikawa K (1975) Serum dopamines-β-hydroxylase activity in essential hypertension and in chronic renal failure with hypertension. Jpn Circ J 39: 1111

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Geffen LB, Rush RA, Louis WJ, Doyle AE (1973) Plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase and nor-adrenaline amounts in essential hypertension. Clin Sci 44: 617

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Alexandre JM, London GM, Chevillard C, Lemaire P, Safar ME, Weiss Y (1975) The meaning of dopamine β-hydroxylase in essential hypertension. Clin Sci Mol Med 49: 573

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Horwitz D, Alexander RW, Lovenberg W, Keiser HR (1973) Human serum dopamines- β-hydroxylase. Circ Res 32: 594

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Aberg H, Wetterberg L, Ross SB, Froden O (1974) Dopamines-hydroxylase in hypertension. Acta Med Scand 196: 17

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Noth RH, Mulrow PJ (1976) Serum dopamine β-hydroxylase as an index of sympathetic nervous system activity in man. Circ Res 38: 2

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Lawton WJ, Fitz A, Grant C, Witte DL (1979) Dopamine beta-hydroxylase and plasma renin activity in patients with low-, normal-, and high-renin essential hypertension. Circulation 59: 1063

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Kuchel O, Buu NT, Hamet P, Larochelle P, Bourque M, Genest J (1981) Essential hypertension with low conjugated catecholamines imitates pheochromocytoma. Hypertension 3: 347

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kuchel O, Cuche JL, Hamet P, Tolis G, Messerli FH, Barbeau A, Boucher R, Genest J (1975) Labile (borderline) hypertension - new aspects of a common disorder. Angiologie 26: 619

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Esler M, Jackman G, Leonard P, Bobik A, Skews H, Jennings G, Kelleher D, Korner P (1970) Determination of noradrenaline uptake, spillover to plasma and plasma concentration in patients with essential hypertension. Clin Sci 59: 311s

    Google Scholar 

  27. Engelman K, Portnoy B, Sjoerdsma A (1970) Plasma catecholamine concentration in patients with hypertension. Circ Res 27 [Suppl 1]: 141

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Christensen NJ (1972) Increased levels of plasma noradrenaline in hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol 35: 359

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Cordes U, Keller H, Beyer J (1975) Der diagnostische Wert der Plasmakatecholaminbestim- mung bei primärer Nebenniereninsuffizienz. Verh Dtsch Ges Inn Med 81: 1540

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Portnoy B, Engelman K, Wyatt R (1969) Plasma catecholamines in hypertensive and psychiatric disorders. Clin Res 17: 258

    Google Scholar 

  31. Goldenberg U, Pines KL, Baldwin EDF, Greene DG, Roh CE (1948) The hemodynamic response of man to norepinephrine and epinephrine and its relation to the problem of hypertension. Am J Med 5: 792

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Safar ME, London GM, Weiss YA, Milliez PL (1975) Vascular reactivity to norepinephrine and hemodynamic parameters in borderline hypertension. Am Heart J 89: 480

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. London GM, Safar ME, Weiss YA (1976) The spectrum of pressor response to norepinephrine in normotensive and hypertensive patients. Biomedicine 24 (3): 178

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Nestel PJ, Esler MD (1970) Patterns of catecholamine excretion in urine in hypertension. Circ Res 26/27 [Suppl 2]: 75

    Google Scholar 

  35. Philipp T, Distler A, Cordes U (1978) Sympathetic nervous system and blood-pressure control in essential hypertension. Lancet 2: 959

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Doyle AE, Fräser JRE, Marshall RJ (1959) Reactivity of forearm vessels to vasoconstrictor sub-stances in hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Clin Sci 18: 441

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Greisman SE (1952) The reactivity of the capillary bed of the nailfold to circulating epinephrine and norepinephrine in patients with normal blood pressure and with essential hypertension. J Clin Invest 31: 782

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Mendlowitz M, Naftchi NE, Wolf RL, Gitlow SE (1965) Vascular responsiveness in hyperten-sive and hypotensive stages. Geriatrics 20: 797

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Folkow B, Grimby G, Thulesius O (1958) Adaptive structural changes of the vascular walls in hypertension and their relation to the control of the peripheral resistance. Acta Physiol Scand 44: 255

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Erne P, Bolli P, Bürgisser E, Bühler FR (1984) Correlation of platelet calcium with blood pres-sure. Effect of antihypertensive therapy. N Engl J Med 310: 1084

    Google Scholar 

  41. Zidek W, Vetter H, Dorst KG, Zumkley H, Losse H (1982) Intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ activities in essential hypertension. Clin Sci 63: 41s

    Google Scholar 

  42. Block LH, Jaksche H, Erne P, Bolli P, Bühler FR (1985) Adrenalin-induced, calcium-dependent phosphorylation of proteins in human platelets. J Clin Invest 75: 1600

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Brodde OE, Stuka N, Demuth V, Fesel R, Bergerhausen J, Daul A, Bock KD (1985) Alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors in circulating blood cells of essential hypertensive patients: increased receptor density and responsiveness. Clin Exp Theory Pract A7: 1135

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Weidmann P, Endres P, Siegenthaler W (1968) Plasma renin activity and angiotensin pressor dose in hypertension: correlation and diagnostic implications. Br Med J 3: 154

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Distler A, Barth Ch, Liebau H, Vescei P, Wolff HP (1970) The effect of tyramine, noradrenaline and angiotensin on the blood pressure in hypertensive patients with aldosteronism and low plasma renin. Eur J Clin Invest 1: 196

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Chinn RH, Düsterdieck G (1972) The response of blood pressure to infusions of angiotensin II: Relation to plasma concentrations of renin and angiotensin II. Clin Sci 42: 489

    Google Scholar 

  47. Philipp T, Brokamp B, Cordes U, Lüth B, Distler A (1979) Sympathikusaktivität und pressorische Wirkung von Noradrenalin bei Patienten mit hypo- und hyperthyreoter Stoffwechsellage. Verh Dtsch Ges Inn Med 85: 1047

    Google Scholar 

  48. Stoffer SS, Jiang NS, Gorman CA, Pikler GM (1973) Plasma catecholamines in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 36: 587

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Philipp T, Zschiedrich H, Renschin G, Distler A (1986) Pressorreaktionen unter Diuretika. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Weidmann P, Grimm M, Meier A, Glück Z, Keusch G, Minder I, Beretta-Piccoli C (1980) Car-diovascular pressor reactivity as related to plasma catecholamines: role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension and in the antihypertensive mechanism of diuretic treatment. In: Philipp T, Distler A (eds) Hypertension, mechanism and management. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  51. Zschiedrich H, Renschin G, Lüth JB, Philipp T, Distler A (1982) Veränderungen von Sympathi-kusaktivität und Blutdruckwirksamkeit von exogenem Noradrenalin unter pharmakologischer Blutdrucksenkung. Verh Dtsch Ges Inn Med 88: 747

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universitätsklinikum Steglitz, Medizinische Klinik u. Poliklinik, Freie Universität Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 1000, Berlin 45, Federal Republic of Germany

    T. Philipp

Authors
  1. T. Philipp
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medizinische Poliklinik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Pettenkoferstr. 8 a, 8000, München 2, Federal Republic of Germany

    Martin Middeke  & Heinrich Holzgreve  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Philipp, T. (1986). Sympathetic Nervous System in Essential Hypertension: Activity and Reactivity. In: Middeke, M., Holzgreve, H. (eds) New Aspects in Hypertension Adrenoceptors. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71418-4_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71418-4_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-71420-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-71418-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation