Abstract
Tobacco smoke is discussed as a multi-component droplet aerosol system of finite airborne life time which changes rapidly right after formation near the combustion zone of the tobacco and continues to change gradually when aging and approaching a multiphase steady state between vaporized smoke constituents mixed into the air and the dispersed particulate phase which will eventually vanish because of physical mechanisms removing the smoke particles from the airborne state. Data on chemical composition and physical characteristics of mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke are compared and the dynamic models of aerosol particle behavior and deposition in the respiratory tract under different physiological conditions are discussed. While differences in chemical composition between mainstream and sidestream smoke aerosol systems are reported in the literature at least for the gas phase, there seems to be no reliable body of evidence confirming that mainstream and sidestream cigarette smokes have sufficiently different physical characteristics which would cause substantially different deposition patterns and different relative deposition in the respiratory tract. However, there are scanty experimental data in the literature on cigarette smoke deposition in the lung which seem to indicate that mainstream smoke deposition may exceed theoretical expectations while sidestream smoke may not. Further experimental results are needed before firm conclusions can be drawn. An ongoing experimental effort is described where deposition of sidestream cigarette smoke will be measured on mouth breathing test panels.
Key words
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Beeckmans JM (1970) The deposition of asbestos particles in the human respiratory tract. Intern J Environm Studies 1: 31–34
Brown JH, Cook KM, Ney FG, Hatch T (1950) Influence of particle size upon the retention of particulate matter in the human lung. Amer J Publ Health 40: 450–458
Brunnemann KD, Adams JD, Ho DPS, Hoffmann D (1978) The influence of tobacco smoke on indoor atmospheres II: Volatile and tobacco specific nitrosamines in main and side stream smoke and their contribution to indoor pollution. Proceedings 4th Joint Conference on Sensing of Environmental Pollutants. New Orleans, Louisiana 1977, Amer Chem Soc, pp 876–880
Dennis WL (1961) Prepared discussion. In: Davies CN (ed) Inhaled Particles and Vapours. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 88–91
Findeisen W (1935) Über das Absetzen kleiner, in der Luft suspendierter Teilchen in der menschlichen Lunge bei der Atmung. Pflüger’s Arch Ges Physiol 236: 367–379
Giacomelli-Maltoni G, Melandri C, Prodi V, Tarroni G (1972) Deposition efficiency of monodisperse particles in the human respiratory tract. Amer Ind Hyg Assoc J 33: 603–610
Heyder J, Gebhart J, Heigwer G, Roth C, Stahlhofen W (1973) Experimental studies of the total deposition of aerosol particles in the human respiratory tract. J Aerosol Sci 4: 191–208
Heyder J, Gebhart J, Roth C, Stahlhofen W, Stuck B, Tarroni G, DeZaiacomo T, Formignani M, Melandri C, Prodi V (1978) Intercomparison of lung deposition data for aerosol particles. J Aerosol Sci 9: 147–155
Heyder J, Gebhart J, Rudolf G, Stahlhofen W (1980) Physical factors determining particle deposition in the human respiratory tract. J Aerosol Sci 11: 505–515
Heyder J, Gebhart J, Stahlhofen W, Stuck B (1982) Biological variability of particle deposition in the human respiratory tract during controlled and spontaneous mouth breathing. Ann occup Hyg 26: 137–147
Heyder J (1985) Studies of particle deposition and clearance in humans. In: Grosdanoff P et al. (eds) Problems of Inhalatory Toxicity Studies, BGA-Publ, MMV-Medizin Verlag, Munich
Hiller FC, McCusker KT, Mazumder MK, Wilson JD, Bone RC (1982) Deposition of sidestream cigarette smoke in the human respiratory tract. Amer Rev Resp Dis 125: 406–408
Ishizu Y, Ohta K, Okada T (1980) The effect of moisture on the growth of cigarette smoke particles. Beitr Tabakforsch Internat 10: 161–168
Keith Ch, Derrick JC (1960) Measurement of the particle size distribution and concentration of cigarette smoke by the “conifuge”. J Colloid Sci 15: 340–356
Klus H, Kuhn H (1982) Verteilung verschiedener Tabakrauchbestandteile auf Haupt-and Nebenstromrauch (Eine Übersicht). Beitr Tabakforsch Internat 11: 229–265
Landahl HD (1950) On the removal of air-borne droplets by the human respiratory tract: The lung. Bull Math Biophys 12: 43–56
Lipp G (1965) Zur Definition der Selektivität und der verschiedenen Rauchströme der Cigarette. Beitr Tabakforsch 3: 220–222
McCusker K, Hiller C, Wilson D, Mazumder M, Bone R (1981) Characterization of sidestream smoke from low tar cigarettes and cigars. Amer Rev Resp Dis 123: 107
McCusker K, Hiller C, Mazumder M, Bone R (1981) Dynamic growth of cigarette smoke particles (Abstract). Chest 80: 349
Melandri C, Tarroni G, Prodi V, de Zaiacomo T, Formignani M, Lombardi CC (1983) Deposition of charged particles in the human airways. J Aerosol Sci 14: 657–669
Mitchell RI (1962) Controlled measurement of smoke particle retention in the respiratory tract. Amer Rev Resp Dis 85: 526–533
Neurath G, Ehmke H (1964) Apparatur zur Untersuchung des Nebenstromrauches. Beitr Tabakforsch 2: 117–121
Okada T, Ishizu Y, Matsunuma K (1977) Determination of particle size distribution and concentration of cigarette smoke by a light scattering method. Beitr Tabakforsch 9: 153–160
Patriakanos C, Hoffmann D (1979) Chemical studies on tobacco smoke LXIV: On the analysis of aromatic amines in cigarette smoke. J Anal Toxicol 3: 150–154
Polydorova M (1961) An attempt to determine the retention of tobacco smoke by means of membrane filters. In: Davies CN (ed) Inhaled Particles and Vapours. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 142–144
Porstendörfer J, Schraub A (1972) Konzentration und mittlere Teilchengröße des Haupt-und Nebenstromrauches der Zigarette. Staub-Reinh Luft 32: 409–412
Pyriki C (1960) Polycyclische Kohlenwasserstoffe im Zigarettenrauch. Mitteilungsblatt der GdChFachgruppe Lebensmittel-Chemie und Gerichtliche Chemie 2: 27
Pyriki C, Müller R, Moldenhauer W (1960) Über das Auftreten von polycyclischen Kohlenwasserstoffen im Zigarettenrauch. II. Mitteilung: Untersuchung des lipophilen Anteils der einzelnen Rauchphasen sowie des Tabaks. Ber Inst Tabakforsch Dresden 7: 81–102
Pyriki C (1963) Polycyclische und aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe des Tabakrauchs. Nahrung 7: 439–448
Stöber W (1982) Generation, size distribution and composition of tobacco smoke aerosols. Recent Adv Tobacco Sci 8: 3–41
Task Group on Lung Dynamics (1966) Deposition and retention models for internal dosimetry of the human respiratory tract. Health Physics 12: 173–208
van Wijk AM, Patterson HS (1940) The percentage of particles of different sizes removed from dust-laden air by breathing. J Ind Hyg Toxico 122: 31–35
Wynder EL, Hoffmann D (1967) Tobacco and tobacco smoke. Studies in experimental carcinogenesis. Academic Press, New York-London, p 230 ff.
Yeates DB, Gerrity TR, Garrard CS (1982) Characteristics of tracheobronchial deposition and clearance in man. Ann Occup Hyg 26: 259–272
Yu CP, Nicolaides P, Soong TT (1979) Effect of random airway sizes on aerosol deposition. Amer Ind Hyg Assoc J 40: 999–1005
Yu CP, Diu CK (1982) A probabilistic model for intersubject deposition variability of inhaled particles. Aerosol Sci Technol 1: 353–362
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1986 Springer-Verlag
About this paper
Cite this paper
Holländer, W., Stöber, W. (1986). Aerosols of Smoke, Respiratory Physiology and Deposition. In: Chambers, C.M., Chambers, P.L., Tuomisto, J. (eds) Toxic Interfaces of Neurones, Smoke and Genes. Archives of Toxicology, vol 9. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71248-7_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71248-7_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-16589-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-71248-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive