Abstract
Uptake, distribution, and elimination of inhalation anesthetics are largely dependent on inspiratory concentration, exposure time, and solubility of the corresponding anesthetic in blood and the different body fluids and tissues as well as alveolar ventilation and cardiac output of the patient. This means that for a volatile anesthetic with low solubility in blood, wash-in and wash-out must be more rapid than for an inhalation anesthetic with greater solubility in blood, if all other factors determining the kinetics of this compound remain constant. Eger [6] emphasizes that the different blood/gas distribution coefficients of the various presently used volatile anesthetics are of particular relevance to the controllability and the duration of the induction and final phase of inhalation anesthesia. The author refers to the results of concentration measurements of various anesthetic compounds in the inspired and expired air as well as in venous and arterial blood of subjects under delivery of subanesthetic concentrations [4, 8]. The published data demonstrate that isoflurane, with a blood/gas distribution coefficient of 1.4, has a clearly faster wash-in and wash-out than the inhalation anesthetic enflurane, with a blood/gas distribution coefficient of 1.9, or halothane, with a blood/gas distribution coefficient of 2.3, which have a better solubility in blood.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Brückner JB, Solf H, Vogt K (1984) Experimentelle und klinische Erfahrungen mit Isoflurane. In: Peter K (ed) Symposium Isofluran, Experimentelle und klinische Aspekte. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam pp 30–42
Cascorbi HF, Blake DA, Helrich M (1970) Differences in biotransformation of halothane in man. Anesthesiology 32: 119–123
Chase RE, Holaday DA, Fiserova-Bergerova V et al. (1971) The biotransformation of ethrane in man. Anesthesiology 35: 262–267
Cromwell TH, Eger EI II, Stevens WC et al. (1971) Forane, uptake, excretion, and blood solubility in man. Anesthesiology 35: 401–408
Eger EI II (1976) Anesthetic uptake and action. William and Wilkins, Baltimore p 231
Eger EI II (1981) Isofluran, ein Kompendium und Nachschlagewerk. Airco, 3.C
Holaday DA, Fiserova-Bergerova V, Latto IP et al. (1975) Resistance of isoflurane to biotransfor-mation in man. Anesthesiology 43: 325–332
Munson ES, Eger EI II, Tham MK et al. (1978) Increase in anesthetic uptake, excretion, and blood solubility in man after eating. Anesth Analg 57: 224–231
Rehder K, Forbes J, Alter H et al. (1967) Halothane biotransformation in man: a quantitative study. Anesthesiology 28: 711–715
Schmidt H (1981) Das Verhalten der venösen Blutspiegel von Halothane und Enflurane unter den Bedingungen einer weitgehend standardisierten Narkose. Habilitationsschrift, Frankfurt am Main
Schmidt H, Dudziak R (1982) Kinetik der Aufnahme und Abgabe von Halothan und Enfluran. Anaesth Intensimed 149: 33–46
Stevens WC, Cromwell TH, Halsey MJ et al. (1971) The cardiovascular effects of a new inhalation anesthetic, Forane, in human volunteers at constant arterial carbon dioxide tension. Anesthesiology 35: 8–16
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Schmidt, H. (1987). Uptake, Distribution, and Elimination of Volatile Anesthetics. In: Peter, K., Brown, B.R., Martin, E., Norlander, O. (eds) Inhalation Anesthetics. Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, vol 185. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71232-6_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71232-6_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-16575-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-71232-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive