Skip to main content

Computed Tomography of the Adrenal Glands

  • Chapter
Renal and Adrenal Tumors
  • 122 Accesses

Abstract

Shortly after the introduction of abdominal computed tomography (CT), its value as a noninvasive adrenal imaging technique became apparent. Normal-sized adrenal glands could be imaged in 85%–99% of patients and virtually all adrenal masses larger than 1.0 cm in diameter were routinely demonstrated [1–4]. CT successfully characterized a variety of adrenal abnormalities and became the imaging procedure of choice to guide fine needle adrenal biopsies [5–14].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Karstaedt N, Sagel SS, Stanley RJ, Melson GL, Levitt RG (1978) Computed tomography of the adrenal gland. Radiology 129: 723

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Brownlie K, Kreel L (1978) Computer-assisted tomography of normal supradrenal glands. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2: 1

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Montagne J-P, Kressel HY, Korobkin M, Moss AA (1978) Computed tomography of the normal adrenal glands. AJR 130: 963

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Wilms G, Baert A, Marchal G, Goddeeris P (1979) Computed tomography of the normal adrenal glands: correlative study with autopsy specimens. J Comput Assist Tomogr 3: 467

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Korobkin M, White EA, Kressel HY, Moss AA, Montagne J-P (1979) Computed tomography in the diagnosis of adrenal disease. AJR 132: 231

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Schaner EG, Dunnick NR, Doppman JL, Strott CA, Gill JR Jr, Javadpour N (1978) Adrenal cortical tumors with low attenuation coefficients: a pitfall in computed tomography diagnosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2: 11

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Epstein AJ, Patel SK, Petasnick JP (1979) Computerized tomography of the adrenal gland. JAMA 242: 2791

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. White EA, Schambelan M, Rost CT, Biglieri EG, Moss AA, Korobkin M (1980) Use of computed tomography in diagnosing the cause of primary aldosteronism. N Engl J Med 303: 1503

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Eghrari M, McLoughlin MJ, Rosen IE, St Louis EL, Wilson SR, Wise DJ, Yeung HPH (1980) The role of computed tomography in assessment of tumoral pathology of the adrenal glands. J Comput Assist Tomogr 4: 71

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hauser H, Battikba JG, Wettstein P (1981) Pathology of the adrenal glands: common and uncommon findings on computed tomography. Eur J Radiol 1: 215

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Behan M, Martin EC, Muecke EC, Kazam E (1977) Myelolipoma of the adrenal: two cases with ultrasound and CT findings. AJR 129: 993

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Dunnick NR, Schancer EG, Doppman JL, Strott CA, Gill JR, Javadpour N (1979) Computed tomography in adrenal tumors. AJR 132: 43

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Reynes CJ, Churchill R, Moncada R, Love L (1979) Computed tomography of adrenal glands. Radiol Clin North Am 17: 91

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Curtis JA, Brennan RE, Kurtz AB (1980) Evaluation of adrenal disease by computed tomography. Comput Tomogr 4: 165

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Abrams HL, Siegelman SS, Adams DF, Sanders R, Finkerg HJ, Hessel SJ, McNeil BJ (1982) Computed tomography versus ultrasound of the adrenal gland: a prospective study. Radiology 143: 121

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Moss AA (1983) Computed tomography of the adrenal glands. In: Moss A, Gamsu G, Genant H (eds) Computed tomography of the body. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 837–876

    Google Scholar 

  17. Sample WF (1977) A new technique for the evaluation of the adrenal gland with gray-scale ultrasonography. Radiology 124: 463

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Yeh HC, Mitty HA, Rose J, Wolf BS, Gabrilove JL (1978) Ultrasonography of adrenal masses: unusual manifestations. Radiology 127: 475

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Bernardino ME, Goldstein HM, Green B (1978) Grayscale ultrasonography of adrenal neoplasms. AJR 130: 741

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Yeh H-C (1980) Sonography of the adrenal glands: normal glands and small masses. AJR 135: 1167

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Kenney PJ, Berlow ME, Ellis DA (1984) Current imaging of adrenal masses. Radiographics 4: 743

    Google Scholar 

  22. Meschan I (1978) Synopsis of radiologic anatomy with computed tomography. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 534–538

    Google Scholar 

  23. Symington T (1969) Functional pathology of the human adrenal gland. Livingston, Edinburgh, pp 13–16

    Google Scholar 

  24. Buck J, Reiser V, Heuck F (1982) Computed tomography of the adrenal glands. Eur J Radiol 2: 52

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Herbut PA (1952) Urologic pathology, vol 2. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp 693–696

    Google Scholar 

  26. Soffer LS (1951) Diseases of the endocrine glands. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp 163–164

    Google Scholar 

  27. Besser GM, Edwards CRW (1972) Cushing’s syndrome. Clin Endocrinol Metab 1: 451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. McAlister WH, Koehler PR (1967) Diseases of the adrenal. Radiol Clin North Am 2: 205

    Google Scholar 

  29. Dunnick NR, Doppman JL, Geelhoed GW (1980) Intravenous extension of endocrine tumors. AJR 135: 471

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Federle MP, Moss AA (1979) Adrenal abnormalities. CT/T Clinical symposium, vol 1, no 4. General Electric, Milwaukee

    Google Scholar 

  31. Ganguly A, Prott JH, Yune HY, Grim CE, Weinberger MH (1979) Detection of adrenal tumors by computerized tomographic scan in endocrine hypertension. Arch Intern Med 139: 589

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Costello P, Clouse ME, Kane RA, Paris A (1977) Problems in the diagnosis of adrenal tumors. Radiology 125: 335

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Bethune JE (1974) The adrenal cortex. Upjohn, Kalamazoo

    Google Scholar 

  34. Mitty HA, Nicolis GL, Gabrilove JL (1973) Adrenal venography: clinical roentgenographic correlation in 80 patients. AJR 119: 564

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Neville AM, MacKay AM (1972) The structure of the human adrenal cortex in health and disease. Clin Endocrinol Metab 1: 361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Conn JW, Cohen EL, Rouner DR (1964) Suppression of plasma activity in primary aldosteronism: distinguishing primary from secondary aldosteronism in hypertensive disease. JAMA 190: 213

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Linde R, Coulam C, Barttino R, Rhamy R, Gerlock J, Hollifield J (1979) Localization of aldosterone-producing adenoma by computed tomography. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 49: 462

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Biglieri EG, Schambelan M, Burst N, Chang B, Hogan M (1974) Plasma aldosterone concentration: further characterization of aldosterone producing adenomas. CircRes 34 [Suppl I]: 1–183

    Google Scholar 

  39. Kahn PC, Killeher MD, Egdahl RH, Melby JC (1971) Adrenal arteriography and venography in primary aldosteronism. Radiology 101: 71

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Kahn PC, Nickrosz LV (1967) Selective angiography of the adrenal glands. AJR 101: 739

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Alfidi RJ, Gili WM Jr, Klein HJ (1969) Arteriography of adrenal neoplasms. AJR 106: 635

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Bookstein J J, Conn J, Reuter SR (1968) Intraadrenal hemorrhage as a complication of adrenal venography in primary aldosteronism. Radiology 90: 778

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Melby JC, Spark RF, Dale SL, Egdahl RH, Kahn PC (1967) Diagnosis and localization of aldosterone-producing adenomas by adrenal-vein catheterization. N Engl J Med 277: 1050

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Troncone L, Galli G, Salvo D, Barbareno A, Bonoma L (1977) Radioisotopic study of the adrenal glands using 131I-19 iodocholesterol. Br J Radiol 50: 340

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Hogan MJ, McRae J, Scharmbelan M, Biglieri EG (1976) Location of aldosterone producing adenomas with 131I-19 iodocholesterol. N Engl J Med 294: 410

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Miles IM, Wahner HW, Carpenter PC, Salassa RM, Northcutt RC (1979) Adrenal scintiscanning with NP- 59, a new radioiodinated cholesterol agent. Mayo Clin Proc 54: 321

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Bosniak MA, Siegelman SS, Evans J A (1976) The adrenal retroperitoneum and lower urinary tract. In: Hodes PJ (ed) Atlas of tumor radiology. Year Book Medical, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  48. Glazer HS, Weyman PJ, Sagel SS, Levitt RG, McClennan BL (1982) Nonfunctioning adrenal masses: incidental discovery on computed tomography. AJR 139: 81

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Olsson CA, Krane RJ, Klugo RC, Selikowitz SM (1973) Adrenal myelolipoma. Surgery 73: 665

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Fink DW, Wurtzebach LR (1980) Symptomatic myelolipoma of the adrenal: report of a case with computed tomographic evaluation. Radiology 134: 451

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Engleman K (1977) Phaeochromocytoma. Clin Endocrinol Metab 6: 709

    Google Scholar 

  52. Thomas JL, Bernardino ME (1981) Pheochromocytoma in multiple endocrine adenomatosis: efficacy of computed tomography. JAMA 245: 1467

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Thomas JL, Bernardino ME, Samaan VA, Hickey RC (1980) CT of pheochromocytoma. AJR 135: 477

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Foley WD (1980) Ectopic pheochromocytoma. CT/T Clinical symposium, vol 3, no 10. General Electric, Milwaukee

    Google Scholar 

  55. Zelch JV, Meany TF, Belhobek GH (1974) Radiographic approach to the patient with suspected pheochromocytoma. Radiology 111: 279

    Google Scholar 

  56. Laursen K, Damgaard-Pedersen K (1980) CT for pheochromocytoma diagnosis. AJR 134: 277

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Chok J, Freier DT, McCormick TL, Nishiyama RH, Forrest ME, Kaufman A, Borlaza GS (1980) Adrenal medullary disease in multiple endocrine neoplasia type II. AJR 134: 23

    Google Scholar 

  58. Stewart GH, Bravo EL, Haaga J, Meany TF, Tarazi R (1978) Localization of pheochromocytoma by computed tomography. N Engl J Med 299: 460

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. McLaughlin JE, Ulrich H (1977) Maturing neuroblastoma and ganglion neuroblastoma: a study of four cases with long survival. J Pathol 121: 19

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Brasch RC, Korobkin M, Gooding CA (1978) Computed body tomography in children: evaluation of 45 patients. AJR 131: 21

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Dominiek HC, Bachmann KD (1979) Neuroblastoma. In: Lohr E (ed) Renal and adrenal tumors. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 302–310

    Google Scholar 

  62. Stark DD, Moss AA, Brasch RC, deLorimier AA, Albin AR, London DA, Gooding CA (1983) Neuroblastoma: diagnostic imaging and staging. Radiology 148: 101

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Stark DD, Brasch RC, Moss AA, deLorimier AA, Ablin AR, London DA, Gooding CA (1983) Recurrent neuroblastoma: the role of CT and alternative imaging tests. Radiology 148: 107

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Podrasky AE, Stark DD, Hattner RS, Gooding CA, Moss A A (1983) Radionuclide bone scanning in neuroblastoma: skeletal metastases and primary tumor localization of 99mTCMDP. AJR 141: 469

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Heaston DK, Handel DB, Ashton PR, Korobkin M (1982) Narrow gauge needle aspiration of solid adrenal masses. AJR 138: 1143

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Pagani JJ (1983) Normal adrenal glands in small cell lung carcinoma: CT-guided biopsy. AJR 140: 949

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Bernardino ME, Walther MM, Phillips VM, Graham SD, Sewell CW, Giedgaudas-McClees K, Baumgartner BR, Torres WE, Erwin BC (1985) CT-guided adrenal biopsy: accuracy, safety, and indications. AJR 144: 67

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Lee WJ, Weinreb J, Kumari S, Phillips G, Pochaczeusky R, Pillari G (1982) Adrenal hemangioma. J Comput Assist Tomogr 6: 392

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Palubinskas AJ, Christensen WR, Harrison JH, Sosman MC (1959) Calcified adrenal cyst. AJR 82: 853

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Daffener RH (1979) Evaluation of suprarenal mass. CT/ T Clinical symposium, vol 1, no 3. General Electric, Milwaukee

    Google Scholar 

  71. Wilms GE, Baert AL, Kint EJ, Pringot JH, Goddeeris PG (1983) Computed tomographic findings in bilateral adrenal tuberculosis. Radiology 146: 729

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Albert SG, Wolverson MK, Johnson FE (1982) Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage in an adult: demonstration by computed tomography. JAMA 247: 1737

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Moss, A.A., Shuman, W.P. (1987). Computed Tomography of the Adrenal Glands. In: Löhr, E., Leder, LD. (eds) Renal and Adrenal Tumors. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71207-4_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71207-4_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-71209-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-71207-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics