Abstract
To make a tentative diagnosis, as a rule indirect laryngoscopy using a forehead mirror and a laryngeal mirror in the course of an initial ENT examination suffices. Better diagnostic results can be obtained, however, with a magnifying laryngoscope such as that described byVON STUCKRAD and LAKATOS (1975). In all patients with suspected carcinoma of the larynx or lower pharynx, in combination with the appropriate general examination direct laryngoscopy or microlaryngoscopy should be performed in order roughly to determine the tumour spread and to obtain a biopsy specimen (KLEINSASSER 1968). In most cases the TNM classification (Sect. 5.1) and plans for the therapeutic procedure can be made at this point. Concerning the assessment of infiltration into depth, however these methods depend on indirect signs (see definition of T3 in Tables 5.6, 5.7). In our own study, more than a quarter of all laryngeal carcinomas staged as T2 and more than half of all staged as T3 tumours before surgery had to be classified into higher stages after histological examination (MEYER–BREITING 1981).
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Meyer-Breiting, E., Burkhardt, A. (1988). Management of Laryngeal Cancer and Histopathological Inferences. In: Tumours of the Larynx. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71100-8_6
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