Nonlinear Chemical Reactions in Diluted Solutions

Abstract

In the theory of selforganization we have to describe some fundamental and nontrivial phenomena /1,2,3/:

• (i) Nonlinearit.y of the kinetic equations, caused by far-from-equilibrium conditions and the existence of feedback loops in the system, giving rise to kinetic phase transitions, multistability, selfsustained oscillations or even chaotic behaviour;

• (ii) Spatial transport, e.g. via diffusion or convection, leading to spatial patterns and long-range correlations, to moving phase fronts and nucleation phenomena;

• (iii) Noise, e.g. thermal noise or shot noise of chemical reactions, requiring probabilistic descriptions and bringing noise-induced phenomena into the picture;

• (iv) Interacting particles like ions or hard spheres, being responsible for electrical dissipative structures or nonideality effects.