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Intelligence and Evolutionary Biology pp 251–276Cite as

Vertebrate-Invertebrate Comparisons

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Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASIG,volume 17))

Abstract

Given the wider province of this symposium, I should say at once that my concern here is only with (non-human) animals, and not with intelligence in general but only with learning, which students of animal intelligence have taken to be its fundamental component and to the analysis of which their experiments have been directed almost exclusively since the turn of the century. As to whether anything like creative as distinct from purely reproductive intelligence need be attributed to their animals, there was substantial disagreement among early investigators; the influential Thorndike (1911), for one, thought not. Experienced subjects, especially primates, sometimes solved problems in ways that suggested “observation of essential features or relations” rather than “random actions and the selection of profitable acts” (Yerkes 1927, pp. 277–278), which alone did not require the assumption of more advanced capabilities or provide any satisfactory indication of what they might be. Clearly prerequisite to such solutions, however, was the long exercise of reproductive intelligence, and that, it soon became evident, was where the analysis should begin.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bekesy Laboratory of Neurobiology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA

    M. E. Bitterman

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  1. M. E. Bitterman
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, 90024, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Harry J. Jerison  & Irene Jerison  & 

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© 1988 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Bitterman, M.E. (1988). Vertebrate-Invertebrate Comparisons. In: Jerison, H.J., Jerison, I. (eds) Intelligence and Evolutionary Biology. NATO ASI Series, vol 17. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70877-0_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70877-0_14

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