Skip to main content

The Viral Tyrosine Protein Kinases

  • Chapter
Retroviruses 4

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 123))

Abstract

The acutely transforming retroviruses have revealed the existence of more than twenty different genes with oncogenic potential. Seven of these — src, abl, yes, erbB, fps (fes), fgr, fms, and ros — encode proteins with intrinsic tyrosine protein kinase activity. The inappropriate phosphorylation of cellular proteins is likely to play a central and crucial role in the malignant transformation of cells in which these genes are expressed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abelson HT, Rabstein LS (1970) Lymphosarcoma: virus-induced thymic-independent disease in mice. Cancer Res 30: 2213–2222

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adkins B, Hunter T, Sefton BM (1982) The transforming proteins of PRCII virus and Rous sarcoma virus form a complex with the same two cellular phosphoproteins. J Virol 43: 448–455

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson SJ, Gonda MA, Rettenmier CW, Sherr CJ (1984) Subcellular localization of glycoproteins encoded by the viral oncogene v-fms. J Virol 51: 730–741

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Antler AM, Greenberg ME, Edelman GM, Hanafusa H (1985) Increased phosphorylation of tyrosine in vinculin does not occur upon transformation by some avian sarcoma viruses. Mol Cell Biol 5: 263–267

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balduzzi PC, Notter MFD, Morgan HR, Shibuya M (1981) Some biological properties of two new avian sarcoma viruses. J Virol 40: 268–275

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barbacid M, Lauver AV (1981) Gene products of McDonough feline sarcoma virus have an in vitro-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates tyrosine residues: lack of detection of this enzymatic activity in vivo. J Virol 40: 812–821

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barbacid M, Beemon K, Devare SG (1980a) Origin and functional properties of the major gene product of Snyder-Theilen strain of feline sarcoma virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 5158–5162

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barbacid ML, Lauver AV, Devare SG (1980b) Biochemical and immunological characterization of polyproteins coded for by the McDonough, Gardner-Arnstein, and Snyder-Theilen strains of feline sarcoma virus. J Virol 33: 196–207

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Besmer P, Hardy WD, Zuckerman EE, Bergold P, Lederman L, Snyder HW (1983) The Hardy- Zuckerman 2-FeSV, a new feline retrovirus with oncogene homology to Abelson-MuLV, Nature 303: 825–828

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop JM (1983) Cellular oncogenes and retroviruses. Ann Rev Biochem 52: 301–354

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop R, Martinez R, Nakamura KD, Weber MJ (1983) A tumor promoter stimulates phosphorylation on tyrosine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 115: 536–543

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bissell MJ, Hatie C, Calvin M (1979) Is the product of the src gene a promoter? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 348–352

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blumberg PM, Driedger PE, Rossow PW (1976) Effect of a phorbol ester on a transformation-sensitive surface protein of chick fibroblasts. Nature 264: 446–447

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bolen JB, Thiele CJ, Israel MA, Yonemoto W, Lipsich LA, Brugge JS (1984) Enhancement of cellular src gene product associated tyrosyl kinase activity following polyoma virus infection and transformation. Cell 38: 767–777

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Breitman ML, Hirano A, Wong T, Vogt PK (1981) Characteristics of avian sarcoma virus PRCIV and comparison with strain PRCII-p. Virology 114: 451–462

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bretscher A (1983) Purification of an 80 000 dalton protein that is a component of the isolated microvillus cytoskeleton, and its localization in nonmuscle cells. J Cell Biol 97: 425–432

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown DJ, Gordon JA (1984) The stimulation of pp60v-src kinase activity by vanadate in intact cells accompanies a new phosphorylation state of the enzyme. J Biol Chem 259: 9580–9586

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brugge JS, Darrow D (1984) Analysis of the catalytic domain of phosphotransferase activity of two avian sarcoma virus transforming proteins. J Biol Chem 259: 4550–4557

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brugge J, Erikson E, Erikson RL (1981) The specific interaction of the Rous sarcoma virus transforming protein, pp60src, and two cellular proteins. Cell 25: 363–372

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brugge J, Yonemoto W, Darrow D (1983) Interaction between the Rous sarcoma virus transforming protein and two cellular phosphoproteins: analysis of the turnover and distribution of this complex. Mol Cell Biol 3: 9–19

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bryant D, Parsons JT (1982) Site-directed mutagenesis of the src gene of Rous sarcoma virus: construction of a deletion mutant temperature sensitive for transformation. J Virol 44: 683–691

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bryant D, Parsons JT (1983) Site-directed point mutation in the src gene of Rous sarcoma virus results in an inactive src gene product. J Virol 45: 1211–1216

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bryant DL, Parsons JT (1984) Amino acid alterations within a highly conserved region of the Rous sarcoma virus src gene product pp60v-src inactivate tyrosine protein kinase activity. Mol Cell Biol 4: 862–866

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buss JE, Sefton BM (1985) The rare fatty acid, myristic acid, is the lipid attached to the transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus and its cellular homologue. J Virol 53: 7–12

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlberg K, Chamberlin ME, Beemon K (1984) The avian sarcoma virus PRCII lacks 1020 nucleotides of fps transforming gene. Virology 135: 157–167

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Casnellie JE, Gentry LE, Rohrschneider LR, Krebs EG (1984) Identification of the tyrosine protein kinase from LSTRA cells by the use of site-specific antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 6676–6680

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castagna M, Takai Y, Kaibuchi K, Sano K, Kikkawa U, Nishizuka Y (1982) Direct activation of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase by tumor-promoting phorbol esters. J Biol Chem 257: 7847–7851

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cochet C, Gill GN, Meisenhelder J, Cooper JA, Hunter T (1984) C-kinase phosphorylates the EGF receptor and reduces its EGF-stimulated tyrosine protein kinase activity. J Biol Chem 259: 2553–2558

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collett MS, Erikson RL (1978) Protein kinase activity associated with the avian sarcoma virus src gene product. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 2021–2024

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collett MS, Brugge JS, Erikson RL (1979a) Characterization of a normal avian cell protein related to the avian sarcoma virus transforming gene product. Cell 15: 1363–1369

    Google Scholar 

  • Collett MS, Erikson E, Erikson RL (1979b) Structural analysis of the avian sarcoma virus transforming protein: sites of phosphorylation. J Virol 29: 770–781

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collett MS, Purchio AF, Erikson RL (1980) Avian sarcoma virus transforming protein, pp60src, shows protein kinase activity specific for tyrosine. Nature 285: 167–169

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collett MS, Belzer SK, Purchio AF (1984) Structurally and functionally modified forms of pp60v-src in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed cell lysates. Mol Cell Biol 4: 1213–1220

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collins SJ, Groudine MT (1983) Rearrangement and amplification of c-abl sequences in human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line K-562. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 4813–4817

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper J A, Hunter T (1981b) Four different classes of retroviruses induce phosphorylation of tyrosines, present in similar cellular proteins. Mol Cell Biol 1: 394–407

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper J A, Hunter T (1981c) Similarities and differences between the effects of epidermal growth factor and Rous sarcoma virus. J Cell Biol 91: 878–883

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper JA, Hunter T (1982) Discrete primary locations of a tyrosine protein kinase and of three proteins that contain phosphotyrosine in virally transformed chick fibroblasts. J Cell Biol 94: 287–296

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper J A, Hunter T (1984) Regulation of cell growth and transformation by tyrosine-specific protein kinases: the search for important cellular substrate proteins. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 107: 125–162

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper JA, Bowen-Pope D, Raines E, Ross R, Hunter T (1982) Similar effects of platelet-derived growth factor and epidermal growth factor on the phosphorylation of tyrosine in cellular proteins. Cell 31: 263–273

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper J A, Reiss NA, Schwartz RJ, Hunter T (1983) Three glycolytic enzymes are phosphorylated at tyrosine in cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus. Nature 302: 218–223

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper JA, Sefton BM, Hunter T (1984) Diverse mitogenic agents induce the phosphorylation of two related 42 000 dalton proteins on tyrosine in quiescent chick cells. Mol Cell Biol 4: 30–37

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper J A, Hunter T, Shalloway D (1985) Protein-tyrosine kinase activity of pp60c-src is restricted in intact cells. In: Feramisco J, Stiles C, Ozanne E (eds) Cancer Cells 3. Growth factors and transformation. Cold Spring Harbory Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Cotton PC, Brugge JS (1983) Neural tissues express high levels of the cellular src gene product pp60c-src. Mol Cell Biol 3: 1157–1162

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Courtneidge SA, Bishop JM (1982) Transit of pp60v-src to the plasma membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 7117–7121

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Courtneidge SA, Smith AE (1983) Polyoma virus transforming protein associates with the product of the c-src cellular gene. Nature 303: 435–439

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Courtneidge SA, Levinson AD, Bishop JM (1980) The protein encoded by the transforming gene of avian sarcoma virus (pp60src) and a homologous protein in normal cells (pp60proto-scr) are associated with the membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 3783–3787

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Courtneidge SA, Ralston R, Alitalo K, Bishop JM (1983) The subcellular location of an abundant substrate (p36) for tyrosine-specific protein kinases. Mol Cell Biol 3: 340–350

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cross FR, Hanafusa H (1983) Local mutagenesis of Rous sarcoma virus: the major sites of tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of p60src are dispensable for transformation. Cell 34: 597–607

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cross FR, Garber EA, Pellman D, Hanafusa H (1984) A short sequence in the p60src N terminus is required for p60src myristylation and membrane association, and for cell transformation. Mol Cell Biol 4: 1834–1842

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Czernilofsky AP, Levinson AD, Varmus HE, Bishop JM, Tischler E, Goodman HM (1980) Nucleo-tide sequence of an avian sarcoma virus oncogene (src) and proposed amino acid sequence for the gene product. Nature 287: 193–203

    Google Scholar 

  • Czernilofsky AP, Levinson AD, Varmus HE, Bishop JM, Tischler E, Goodman HM (1983) Corrections to the nucleotide sequence of the src gene of Rous sarcoma virus. Nature 301: 736–738

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Decker SJ (1985) Phosphorylation of the erbB gene product from avian erythroblastosis virus transformed chick fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 260: 2003–2006

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doolittle RK, Hunkapillar MW, Hood LE, Devare SG, Robbins KC, Aaronson SA, Antoniades HN (1983) Simian sarcoma virus onc gene, v-sis, is derived from the gene (or genes) encoding a platelet-derived growth factor. Science 221: 275–277

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Downward J, Parker P, Waterfield MD (1984b) Autophosphorylation sites on the receptor for epidermal growth factor. Nature 311: 483–485

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duesberg PH, Phares W, Lee W-H (1983) The low tumorigenic potential of PRCII, among viruses of the Fujinami sarcoma virus subgroup, corresponds to an internal (fps) deletion of the transforming gene. Virology 131: 144–158

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ek B, Westermark B, Wasteson A, Heldin C-H (1982) Stimulation of tyrosine-specific phosphorylation by platelet-derived growth factor. Nature 295: 419–420

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erikson E, Erikson RL (1980) Identification of a cellular protein substrate phosphorylated by the avian sarcoma virus transforming gene product. Cell 21: 829–836

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fabricant RN, De Larco JE, Todaro GJ (1977) Nerve growth factor receptors on human melanoma cells in culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 565–569

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman RA, Wang L-H, Hanafusa H, Balduzzi PC (1982) Avian sarcoma virus UR2 encodes a transforming protein which is associated with a unique protein kinase activity. J Virol 42: 228–236

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman RA, Wang E, Hanafusa H (1983) Cytoplasmic localization of the transforming protein of Fujinami sarcoma virus: Salt-sensitive association with subcellular components. J Virol 45: 782–791

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foster DA, Hanafusa H (1983) A fps gene without gag sequences transforms cells in culture and induces tumors in chickens. J Virol 48: 744–751

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman B, Frackelton AR, Ross AH, Connors JM, Fujiki H, Sugimura T, Rosner MR (1984) Tumor promoters block tyrosine specific phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 3034–3038

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garber EA, Kreuger JG, Goldberg AR (1982) Novel localization of pp60src in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed rat and goat cells and in chicken cells transformed by viruses rescued from these mammalian cells. Virology 118: 419–429

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geiger B (1979) A 130K protein from chicken gizzard: its location at the termini of microfilament bundles in cultured chicken cells. Cell 18: 193–205

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gentry LE, Rohrschneider LR (1984) Common features of the yes and src gene products defined by peptide-specific antibodies. J Virol 51: 539–546

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghysdael J, Neil JC, Vogt PK (1981) A third class of avian sarcoma virus, defined by related transformation-specific proteins of Yamaguchi 73 and Esh sarcoma viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 2611–2615

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilmore T, Martin GS (1983) Phorbol ester and diacylglycerol induce protein phosphorylation at tyrosine. Nature 306: 487–490

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilmore T, DeClue JE, Martin GS (1985) Protein phosphorylation at tyrosine is induced by the v-erbB gene product in vivo and in vitro. Cell 40: 609–618

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Groffen J, Heisterkamp N, Shibuya M, Hanafusa H, Stephenson JR (1983) Transforming genes of avian (v-fps) and mammalian (v-fes) retroviruses correspond to a common cellular locus. Virology 125: 480–486

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guyden JC, Martin GS (1982) Transformation parameters of chick embryo fibroblasts transformed by Fujinami, PRCII, PRCII-p, and Y73 avian sarcoma viruses. Virology 122: 71–83

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hampe A, Laprevotte I, Galibert F, Fedele LA, Sherr CJ (1982) Nucleotide sequences of feline retroviral oncogenes (v-fes) provide evidence for a family of tyrosine-specific protein kinase genes. Cell 30: 775–785

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hampe A, Gobet M, Scherr CJ, Galibert F (1984) Nucleotide sequence of the feline retroviral oncogene v-fms shows unexpected homology with oncogenes encoding tyrosine-specific protein kinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 85–89

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanafusa T, Wang L-H, Anderson SM, Karess RE, Hayward WS, Hanafusa H (1980) Characterization of the transforming gene of Fujinami sarcoma virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 3009–3013

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayman MJ, Beug H (1984) Identification of a form of the avian erythroblastosis virus erb-B gene product at the cell surface. Nature 309: 460–462

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayman MJ, Ramssay GM, Savin K, Kitchner G, Graf T, Beug H (1983) Identification and characterization of the avian erythroblastosis virus erbB gene product as a membrane glycoprotein. Cell 32: 579–588

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heisterkamp N, Stephenson JR, Groffen J, Hansen PF, de Klein A, Bartram CR, Grosfeld G (1983) Localization of the c-abl oncogene adjacent to a translocation point in chronic myelocytotic leukemia. Nature 306: 239–242

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman FM, Fresco LD, Hoffmann-Falk H, Shilo B-Z (1983) Nucleotide sequence of the Drosophila src and abl homologs: conservation and variability in the src family oncogenes. Cell 35: 393–340

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunter T, Cooper JA (1983) The role of tyrosine phosphorylation in malignant transformation and in cellular growth control. Prog Nucl Acid Res Mol Biol 29: 221–232

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter T, Sefton BM (1980) The transforming gene product of Rous sarcoma virus phosphorylates tyrosine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 1311–1315

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter T, Ling N, Cooper J A (1984) C-kinase phosphorylates the EGF receptor at a threonine nine residues from the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane. Nature 311: 480–483

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iba H, Takeya T, Cross FR, Hanafusa T, Hanafusa H (1984) Rous sarcoma virus variants that carry the cellular src gene instead of the viral src gene cannot transform chicken embryo fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 4424–4428

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iwashita S, Fox CF (1984) Epidermal growth factor and potent phorbol tumor promoters induce epidermal growth factor receptr phosphorylation in a similar but distinctively different manner in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. J Biol Chem 259: 2559–2567

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs S, Kull FC, Earp HS, Svoboda ME, Van Wyck JJ, Cuatrecasas P (1983) Somatomedin-C stimulates the phosphorylation of the -subunit of its own receptor. J Biol Chem 258: 9581–9584

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamps MP, Taylor SS, Sefton BM (1984) Oncogenic tyrosine protein kinases and cAMP-dependent protein kinase have homologous ATP binding sites. Nature 310: 589–592

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamps MP, Buss JE, Sefton BM (1985) Mutation of N-terminal glycine of p60src prevents both fatty acylation and morphological transformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 4625–4628

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karess RE, Hanafusa H (1981) Viral and cellular src genes contribute to the structure of recovered avian sarcoma virus transforming protein. Cell 24: 155–164

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kitamura N, Yoshida M (1983) Small deletion in src of RSV modifying transformation phenotypes: Identification of 207 nucleotide deletion and its smaller product with protein kinase activity. J Virol 46: 985–992

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kitamura N, Kitamura A, Toyoshima K, Hirayama Y, Yoshida M (1982) Avian sarcoma virus Y73 genome sequence and structural similarity of its transforming gene product to that of Rous sarcoma virus. Nature 297: 205–208

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Konopka JB, Watanabe SM, Witte ON (1984) An alteration of the human c-abl protein in K562 leukemia cells unmasks associated tyrosine kinase activity. Cell 37: 1035–1042

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kreuger JG, Garber EA, Goldberg AR (1983) Subcellular localization of pp60src in RSV-transformed cells. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 107: 52–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Kris RM, Lax I, Gullick W, Waterfield MD, Ullrich A, Fridkin M, Schlessinger J (1985) Antibodies against a synthetic peptide as a probe for the kinase activity of the avian EGF receptor and the v-erbB protein. Cell 40: 619–625

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krzyzek RA, Mitchell RL, Lau AF, Faras AJ (1980) Association of pp60src and src protein kinase activity with the plasma membrane of non-permissive and permissive avian sarcoma virus-infected cells. J Virol 36: 805–815

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee W-H, Bister K, Pawson A, Robins T, Moscovici C, Duesberg PH (1980) Fujinami sarcoma virus: an avian RNA tumor virus with a unique transforming gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 2018–2022

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lev Z, Leibovitz N, Segev O, Shilo B-Z (1984) Expression of the src and abl cellular oncogenes during development of Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Cell Biol 4: 982–984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levinson AD, Oppermann H, Levintow L, Varmus HE, Bishop JM (1978) Evidence that the transforming gene of avian sarcoma virus encodes a protein kinase associated with a phosphoprotein. Cell 15: 561–572

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levinson AD, Courtneidge SA, Bishop JM (1981) Structural and functional domains of the Rous sarcoma virus transforming protein (pp60src). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 1624–1628

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lipsich LA, Cutt JR, Brugge JS (1982) Association of the transforming proteins of Rous, Fujinami, and Y73 avian sarcoma viruses with the same two cellular proteins. Mol Cell Biol 2: 875–880

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Livneh E, Glazer L, Segal D, Schlessinger J, Shilo B-Z (1985) The Drosophila EGF receptor gene homolog: conservation of both hormone binding and kinase domains. Cell 40: 599–607

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Macara IG, Marinetti GV, Balduzzi PC (1984) Transforming protein of avian sarcoma virus UR2 is associated with phosphatidylinositol kinase activity: possible role in tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 2728–2732

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manger R, Najita L, Nichols EJ, Hakomori S-I, Rohrschneider L (1984) Cell surface expression of the McDonough strain of feline sarcoma virus fms gene product (gp140fms). Cell 39: 327–337

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mathey-Prevot B, Hanafusa H, Kawai S (1982) A cellular protein is immunologically cross-reactive with and functionally homologous to the Fujinami sarcoma virus transforming protein. Cell 28: 897–906

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moss P, Radke K, Carter C, Young J, Gilmore T, Martin GS (1984) Cellular localization of the transforming protein of wild-type and temperature-sensitive Fujinami sarcoma virus. J Virol 52: 557–565

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Müller R, Slamon DJ, Tremblay JM, Cline MJ, Verma IM (1982) Differential expression of cellular oncogenes during pre- and postnatal development of the mouse. Nature 299: 640–644

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Müller R, Slamon DJ, Adamson ED, Tremblay JM, Meuller D, Cline MJ, Verma IM (1983) Transcription of c-onc genes c-rasKi and c-fms during mouse development. Mol Cell Biol 3: 1062–1069

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Naharro G, Dunn CY, Robbins KC (1983) Analysis of the primary translation product and integrated DNA of a new feline sarcoma virus, GR-FeSV. Virology 125: 502–507

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naharro G, Robbins KC, Reddy EP (1984) Gene product of v-fgr onc: hybrid protein containing a portion of actin and a tyrosine-specific protein kinase. Science 223: 63–66

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura KD, Martinez R, Weber MJ (1983) Tyrosine phosphorylation of specific proteins following mitogen stimulation of chicken embryo fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biol 3: 380–390

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neckameyer WS, Wang L-H (1985) Nucleotide sequence of avian sarcoma virus UR2 and comparison of its transforming gene with other members of the tyrosine protein kinase oncogene family. J Virol 53: 879–884

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neel BG, Wang L-H, Mathey-Prevot B, Hanafusa T, Hanafusa H, Hayward WS (1982) Isolation of 16L virus: a rapidly transforming sarcoma virus from an avian leukosis virus-induced sarcoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 5088–5092

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neil JC, Ghysdael J, Vogt PK (1981a) Tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity associated with pl05 of avian sarcoma virus PRCII. Virology 109: 223–228

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neil JC, Ghysdael J, Vogt PK, Smart JE (1981b) Homologous tyrosine phosphorylation sites in transformation-specific products of distinct avian sarcoma viruses. Nature 291: 675–677

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nigg EA, Cooper J A, Hunter H (1983) Immunofiuorescent localization of a 39 000 dalton substrate of tyrosine protein kinases to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane. J Cell Biol 97: 1601–1609

    Google Scholar 

  • Nishimura J, Huang JS, Deuel TF (1982) Platelet-derived growth factor stimulates tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity in Swiss mouse 3T3 cell membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 4303–4307

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nishizuka Y (1983) Phospholipid degradation and signal translation for protein phosphorylation. Trends Biochem Sci 8: 13–16

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Notter MFD, Balduzzi PC (1984) Cytoskeletal changes induced by two avian sarcoma viruses: UR2 and Rous sarcoma virus. Virology 136: 56–68

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oppermann H, Levinson AD, Levintow L, Varmus HE, Bishop JM (1979) Uninfected vertebrate cells contain a protein that is closely related to the product of the avian sarcoma virus transforming gene (src). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 1804–1808

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oppermann H, Levinson AD, Levintow L, Varmus HE, Bishop JM, Kawai S (1981) Two cellular proteins that immunoprecipitate with the transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus. Virology 113: 736–751

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parker RC, Varmus HE, Bishop JM (1984) Expression of v-src and chicken c-src in rat cells demonstrates qualitative differences between pp60v-src and pp60c-src. Cell 37: 131–139

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons JT, Bryant D, Wilkerson V, Gilmartin G, Parsons SJ (1984) Site-directed mutagenesis of Rous sarcoma virus pp60v-src: identification of functional domains required for transformation. Cancer cells, vol 2: oncogenes and viral genes. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, pp 37–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Patschinsky T, Sefton BM (1981) Evidence that there exist four classes of RNA tumor viruses which encode proteins with associated tyrosine protein kinase activities. J Virol 39: 104–114

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patschinsky T, Hunter T, Esch FS, Cooper JA, Sefton BM (1982) Analysis of the sequence of amino acids surrounding sites of tyrosine phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 973–977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pawson T, Guyden J, Kung T-H, Radke K, Gilmore T, Martin GS (1980) A strain of Fujinami sarcoma virus which is temperature sensitive in protein phosphorylation and cellular transformation. Cell 22: 767–776

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ponticelli AS, Whitlock CA, Rosenberg N, Witte ON (1982) In vivo tyrosine phosphorylations of the Abelson virus transforming protein are absent in its normal cellular homolog. Cell 29: 953–960

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Privalsky MS, Sealy L, Bishop JM, McGrath JP, Levinson A (1983) The product of the avian erythroblastosis virus erbB genlocus is a glycoprotein. Cell 32: 1257–1267

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prywes R, Foulkes JG, Rosenberg N, Baltimore D (1983) Sequences of the A-MuLV protein needed for fibroblast and lymphoid cell transformation. Cell 34: 569–579

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prywes R, Hoag J, Rosenberg N, Baltimore D (1985) Protein stabilization explains the gag requirement for transformation of lymphoid cells by Abelson murine leukemia virus. J Virol 54: 123–132

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Purchio AF (1982) Evidence that pp60src, the product of the Rous sarcoma virus src gene, undergoes autophosphorylation. J Virol 41: 1–7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Purchio AF, Erikson E, Brugge JS, Erikson RL (1978) Identification of a polypeptide encoded by the avian sarcoma virus src gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 1567–1571

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radke K, Martin GS (1979) Transformation by Rous sarcoma virus: Effects of src gene expression on the synthesis and phosphorylation of cellular polypeptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 5212–5216

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radke K, Gilmore T, Martin GS (1980) Transformation by Rous sarcoma virus: a cellular substrate for transformation-specific protein phosphorylation contains phosphotyrosine. Cell 21: 821–828

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radke K, Carter VC, Moss P, Dehazya P, Schliwa M, Martin GS (1983) Membrane association of a 36 000 dalton substrate for tyrosine phosphorylation in chicken embryo fibroblasts transformed by avian sarcoma viruses. J Cell Biol 97: 1601–1611

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reddy EP, Smith MJ, Srinivasan A (1983) Nucleotide sequence of Abelson murine leukemia virus genome: Structural similarity of its transforming gene product to other onc gene products with tyrosine-specific kinase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 3623–3627

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Resh MD, Erikson RL (1985) Highly specific antibody to Rous sarcoma virus transforming protein recognizes a novel population of pp60src molecules. J Cell Biol (to be published)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rettenmier CW, Chen JH, Roussel MF, Sherr CJ (1985) The product of the c-fms oncogene: a glycoprotein with associated tyrosine kinase activity. Science 228: 320–322

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds FH, Van de Ven WJM, Blomberg J, Stephenson JR (1981) Differences in mechanisms of transformation by independent feline sarcoma virus isolates. J Virol 38: 1084–1089

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds FH, Oroszlan S, Stephenson JR (1982) Abelson murine leukemia virus P120: identification and characterization of tyrosine phosphorylation sites. J Virol 44: 1097–1101

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rifkin DB, Crowe RM, Pollack R (1979) Tumor promoters induce changes in the chick embryo fibroblast cytoskeleton. Cell 18: 361–368

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rohrschneider LR (1980) Adhesion plaques of Rous sarcoma virus transformed cells contain the src gene product. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 3514–3518

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rohrschneider LR, Najita LM (1984) Detection of the v-abl gene product at cell-substratum contact sites in Abelson murine leukemia virus-transformed fibroblasts. J Virol 51: 547–552

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg N, Witte ON (1980) Abelson murine leukemia virus mutations with alterations in the virus-specific P120 molecule. J Virol 33: 340–348

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg N, Baltimore D, Scher CD (1975) In vitro transformation of lymphoid cells by Abelson murine leukemia virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72: 1932–1936

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg N, Clark DR, Witte ON (1980) Abelson murine leukemia virus mutants deficient in kinase activity and lymphoid cell transformation. J Virol 36: 766–774

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth CW, Richert ND, Pastan I, Gottesman MM (1983) Cyclic AMP treatment of Rous sarcoma virus-transformed Chinese hamster ovary cells increases phosphorylation of pp60src and increases pp60src kinase activity. J Biol Chem 258: 10768–10773

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roussel MR, Rettenmeier CW, Look AT, Sherr CJ (1984) Cell surface expression of v-fms-coded glycoproteins is required for transformation. Mol Cell Biol 4: 1999–2009

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rozengurt E, Rodriguez-Pena A, Coombs M, Sinnett-Smith J (1984) Diacylglycerol stimulates DNA synthesis and cell division in mouse 3T3 cells: role of Ca2+-sensitive phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 5748–5752

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin JB, Shia MA, Pilch PF (1983) Stimulation of tyrosine-specific phosphorylation in vitro by insulin-like growth factor I. Nature 305: 438–440

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruscetti SK, Turek LP, Sherr CJ (1980) Three independent isolates of feline sarcoma virus code for distinct gag-X polyproteins. J Virol 35: 259–264

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scher CD, Siegler R (1975) Direct transformation of 3T3 cells by Abelson murine leukemia virus. Nature 253: 729–731

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz AM, Oroszlan S (1983) In vivo modification of retroviral gag gene-encoded polyproteins by myristic acid. J Virol 46: 355–361

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz AM, Oroszlan S (1984) Myristylation of gag-onc fusion proteins in mammalian transforming retroviruses. Virology 133: 431–437

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulz AM, Henderson LE, Oroszlan S, Garber EA, Hanafusa H (1985) Amino terminal myristylation of the protein kinase p60src, a retroviral transforming protein. Science 227: 427–429

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz D, Tizard R, Gilbert W (1983) Nucleotide sequence of Rous sarcoma virus. Cell 32: 853–869

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sefton BM, Hunter T (1984) Tyrosine protein kinases. Adv Cyclic Nucleotide Protein Phosphorylation Res 18: 195–226

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sefton BM, Hunter T, Beemon K, Eckhart W (1980) Phosphorylation of tyrosine is essential for cellular transformation by Rous sarcoma virus. Cell 20: 807–816

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sefton BM, Hunter T, Raschke WC (1981a) Evidence that the Abelson virus protein functions in vivo as a protein kinase which phosphorylates tyrosine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 1552–1556

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sefton BM, Hunter T, Ball EH, Singer SJ (1981b) Vinculin: a cytoskeletal substrate of the transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus. Cell 24: 165–174

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sefton BM, Patschinsky T, Berdot C, Hunter T, Elliott T (1982) Phosphorylation and metabolism of the transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus. J Virol 41: 813–820

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sefton BM, Hunter T, Cooper J A (1983) Some lymphoid cell lines transformed by Abelson murine leukemia virus lack a major 36 000 dalton tyrosine protein kinase substrate. Mol Cell Biol 3: 56–63

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shalloway D, Coussens PM, Yaciuk P (1984) Overexpression of the c-src protein does not induce transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 7071–7075

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shibuya M, Hanafusa H (1982) Nucleotide sequence of Fujinami sarcoma virus: Evolutionary relationship of its transforming gene with transforming genes of other sarcoma viruses. Cell 30: 787–795

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shibuya M, Hanafusa T, Hanafusa H, Stephenson JR (1980) Homology exists among the transforming sequences of avian and feline sarcoma viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 6536–6540

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shibuya M, Hanafusa H, Balduzzi PC (1982) Cellular sequences related to three new one genes of avian sarcoma virus (fps, yes, and ros) and their expression in normal and transformed cells. J Virol 42: 143–152

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shields A, Otto G, Goff S, Baltimore D (1979) Structure of the Abelson murine leukemia virus genome. Cell 18: 955–962

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simon MA, Kornberg T, Bishop JM (1983) Three loci related to the src oncogene and tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity in Drosophila. Nature 302: 837–839

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smart JE, Oppermann H, Czernilofsky AP, Purchio AF, Erikson RL, Bishop JM (1981) Characterization of sites for tyrosine phosphorylation in the transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus (pp60src) and its normal cellular homologue (pp60c-src). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 6013–6017

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snyder MA, Bishop JM (1984) A mutation at the major phosphotyrosine in pp60v-src alters oncogenic potential. Virology 136: 375–386

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snyder MA, Bishop JM, Colby WW, Levinson AD (1983) Phosphorylation of tyrosine-416 is not required for the transforming properties and kinase activity of pp60v-src. Cell 32: 891–901

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sorge LK, Levey BT, Maness PF (1984) pp60c-src is developmentally regulated in the neural retina. Cell 36: 249–257

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stehelin D, Varmus HE, Bishop JM, Vogt PK (1976) DNA related to the transforming gene(s) of avian sarcoma viruses is present in normal avian DNA. Nature 260: 170–173

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugimoto Y, Whitman M, Cantley LC, Erikson RL (1984) Evidence that the Rous sarcoma virus transforming gene product phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol and diacylglycerol. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 2117–2121

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swanstrom R, Parker RC, Varmus HE, Bishop JM (1983) Transduction of a cellular oncogene: the genesis of Rous sarcoma virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 2519–2523

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takeya T, Hanafusa H (1983) Structure and sequence of the cellular gene homologous to the RSV src gene and the mechanism for generating the transforming virus. Cell 32: 881–890

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takeya T, Feldman RA, Hanafusa H (1982) DNA sequence of the viral and cellular src gene of chicken. I. The complete nucleotide sequence of an EcoRI fragment of recovered avian sarcoma virus which codes for gp37 and pp60v-src. J Virol 44: 1–11

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ullrich A, Coussens L, Hayflick JS, Dull TJ, Gray A, Tam AW, Lee J, Yarden Y, Liberman TA, Schlessinger J, Downward J, Mayes ELV, Waterfield MD, Whittle M, Seeburg PH (1984) Human epidermal growth factor receptor cDNA sequence and aberrant expression of the amplified gene in A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells. Nature 309: 418–425

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ullrich A, Bell JR, Chen EY, Herrara R, Petruzzelli LM, Dull TJ, Gray A, Coussens L, Liao Y-C, Tsubokawa M, Mason A, Seeburg PH, Grunfeld C, Rosen OM, Ramachandran J (1985) Human insulin receptor and its relationship to the tyrosine kinase family of oncogenes. Nature 313: 756–761

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ushiro H, Cohen S (1980) Identification of phosphotyrosine as a product of epidermal growth factor-activated protein kinase in A-431 cell membranes. J Biol Chem 255: 8363–8365

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van De Ven WJM, Reynolds FH, Nalewaik RP, Stephenson JR (1980)a) Characterization of a 170 000 dalton polyprotein encoded by the McDonough strain of feline sarcoma virus. J Virol 35: 165–175

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van de Ven WJM, Reynolds FH, Stephenson JR (1980b) The nonstructural components of polyproteins encoded by replication-deficient mammalian transforming retroviruses are phosphorylated and have associated protein kinase activity. Virology 101: 185–197

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Voronova AF, Buss JE, Patschinsky T, Hunter T, Sefton BM (1985) Characterization of the protein apparently responsible for the elevated tyrosine protein kinase activity in LSTRA cells. Mol Cell Biol 4: 2705–2713

    Google Scholar 

  • Wadsworth SC, Vincent WS, Bilodeau-Wentworth D (1985) A Drosophila genomic sequence with homology to human epidermal growth factor receptor. Nature 314: 178–180

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang JYJ, Baltimore D (1983) Cellular RNA homologous to the Abelson murine leukemia virus transforming gene: expression and relationship to the viral sequence. Mol Cell Biol 3: 773–779

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang JYJ, Baltimore D (1985) Localization of tyrosine kinase-coding region in v-abl oncogene by the expression of v-abl-encoded proteins in bacteria. J Biol Chem 260: 64–71

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang JYJ, Ledley F, Goff S, Lee R, Groner Y, Baltimore D (1984) The mouse c-abl locus: molecular cloning and characterization. Cell 36: 349–356

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang L-H, Hanafusa H, Notter MFD, Balduzzi PC (1982a) Genetic structure, transforming sequence, and gene product of avian sarcoma virus UR1. J Virol 40: 258–267

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang L-H, Hanafusa H, Notter MFD, Balduzzi PC (1982b) Genetic structure and transforming sequence of avian sarcoma virus UR2. J Virol 41: 833–841

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinmaster G, Hinze E, Pawson T (1983) Mapping of multiple phosphorylation sites within the structural and catalytic domains of the Fujinami sarcoma virus transforming protein. J Virol 46: 29–41

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinmaster G, Zoller MJ, Smith M, Hinze E, Pawson T (1984) Mutagenesis of Fujinami sarcoma virus: evidence that tyrosine phosphorylation of P130gag -fps modulates its biological activity. Cell 37: 559–568

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Willingham MC, Jay G, Pastan I (1979) Localization of the ASV src gene product to the plasma membrane of transformed cells by immunoelectron microscopy. Cell 18: 125–134

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Witte ON (1983) Molecular and cellular biology of Abelson virus transformation. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 103: 127–146

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Witte ON, Rosenberg N, Baltimore D (1979a) Identification of a normal cellular protein cross-reactive to the major Abelson murine leukemia virus gene product. Nature 281: 396–398

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Witte ON, Dasgupta A, Baltimore D (1980) Abelson murine leukemia virus protein is phosphorylated in vitro to form phosphotyrosine. Nature 283: 826–831

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong T-W, Goldberg AR (1984) Purification and characterization of the major species of tyrosine protein kinase in rat liver. J Biol Chem 259: 8505–8512

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woolford J, Beemon K (1984) Transforming proteins of Fujinami and PRCII avian sarcoma viruses have different subcellular locations. Virology 135: 168–180

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto T, Hihara H, Nishida T, Kawai S, Toyoshima K (1983a) A new avian erythroblastosis virus, AEV-H, carries erbB gene responsible for the induction of both erythroblastosis and sarcomas. Cell 34: 225–234

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto T, Nishida T, Miyajima N, Kawai S, Ooi T, Toyoshima K (1983b) The erbB gene of avian erythroblastosis virus is a number of the src gene family. Cell 35: 71–78

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida M, Kawai S, Toyoshima K (1980) Uninfected avian cells contain structurally unrelated progenitors of viral sarcoma genes. Nature 287: 653–654

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Young JC, Martin GS (1984) Cellular localization of the c-fps gene product. J Virol 52: 913–918

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sefton, B.M. (1986). The Viral Tyrosine Protein Kinases. In: Vogt, P.K., Koprowski, H. (eds) Retroviruses 4. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 123. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70810-7_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70810-7_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-70812-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-70810-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics