Psychological and Ethical Problems Arising for Physicians and Parents from the Prenatal Diagnosis of Malformations

Abstract

Undoubtedly, the value of prenatal diagnostic procedures is accompanied by positive psychological effects in the case of a normal fetus. Anxieties are relieved and uncertainties are overcome. A positive psychological effect is also attributed particularly to prenatal ultrasonography by obstetricians and pediatric surgeons even if it leads to the discovery of a malformation in the fetus. The effect is believed to come from several advantages related to early diagnosis. It has been observed that telling the mother and the family may lead to transitory agitation which then can be followed by acceptance of the fact and emotional stabilization. If the physician takes time and care to relate the diagnosis the parents have the opportunity to acquaint themselves with the prospect of having a malformed and perhaps chronically ill child and to prepare themselves for special needs and burdens. In addition, positive psychological effects are expected from reducing the risks of delivery by planned cesarean section, admission to optimally equipped centers, and increased certainty based on calculable risks.