Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Haemogram and Its Endocrine Control in Insects

  • Conference paper
Immunity in Invertebrates

Part of the book series: Proceedings in Life Sciences ((LIFE SCIENCES))

Abstract

Since the time of Kopéc [19,20] when the idea of activation hormone was produced by the neurosecretory cells of insects, the insect endocrinologists had taken much pains in exploring the various events of development and growth in insect life. The ubiquity of neurosecretion and significance of endocrine structure in metabolism of insect are now very well established. A few events of insect physiology such as moulting, tanning, excretion and maturation of gonads are well explored and understood, but the endocrine regulation of haemogram is an occult of insect physiology which needs profound investigations. Surprisingly insect endocrinologists have not developed much interest to reveal this problem. However, a great deal of data has been accumulated to explain the qualitative and quantitative changes in the haemocyte population of various species of insects during growth and development. Much has been written about the effects of injury or trauma, starvation, sex, diapause, infection or injection of particulate and nonparticulate materials on the total and differential haemocyte counts. The humoral control of insect blood cell populations was reviewed by Crossley [5]. He assumed that the changed numbers of circulating haemocytes are the result of a dynamic balance between four factors: (a) mitosis of circulating haemocytes, (b) death or fragmentation of circulating haemocytes, (c) release or retention of haemocytes at haemocytic reservoirs and (d) release of sessile haemocytes from haemocytopoietic tissues. These postulations are very convincing but we could not gather much evidence to prove the interrelationship between endocrine and the above factors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Arnold JW (1974) The haemocytes of insects. In: Rockstein M (ed) The Physiology of Insecta, 2nd edn. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bahadur J, Pathak JPN (1971) Changes in the total haemocyte counts of the bug, Halys dentata under certain conditions. J Insect Physiol 17: 329–34

    Google Scholar 

  3. Clark RM, Harvey WR (1965) Cellular membrane formation by plasmatocytes of diapausing cecropia pupae. J Insect Physiol 11: 161–76

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Crossley AC (1965) Transformations in the abdominal muscles of the blue blow-fly Calliphora erythrocephala (Meig) during metamorphosis. J Embryol Exp Morphol 14: 375–98

    Google Scholar 

  5. Crossley AC (1968) The fine-structure and mechanism of breakdown of larval intersegmental muscles int the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala. J Insect Physiol 14: 1389–1407

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Crossley AC (1975) The cytophysiology of insect blood. Adv Insect Physiol 11: 117–222

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Davis RP, Schneiderman HA (1960) An autoradiographic study of wound healing in diapausing silkworm pupae. Anat Rec 137–348

    Google Scholar 

  8. Day MF (1952) Wound healing in the gut of the cockroach Peripleneta. Aust J Sci Res (B) 52: 282–289

    Google Scholar 

  9. Essawy M, Maleville A, Brehélin M (1984) Evolution of haemogram during the larval development (last instar) of Eliothis armigera. Invertebr Immunol Conf 17–29 Sept 1984, Montpellier, France. Dev Comp Immunol (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Fier D (1979) Multiplication of haemocytes. In: Gupta AP (ed) Insect haemocytes, 1st edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  11. Harvey WR, Williams CM (1961) The injury metabolism of the cecropia silkworm I. Biologi¬cal amplification of the effects of localized injury. J Insect Physiol 7: 81–99

    Google Scholar 

  12. Hinks CF, Arnold JW (1977) Haemopoiesis in Lapidoptera II. The role of the haemopoietic organs. Can J Zool 55: 1740–1755

    Google Scholar 

  13. Hoffmann J A (1969) Etude de la récupération haémocy taire après hémorragies expérimentales chez l’orthoptère Locusta migratoria. J Insect Physiol 15: 1375–1384

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Hoffmann JA (1970) Régulations endocrines de la production et de la différenciation des hé- mocytes chez un insecte l’orthoptère: Locusta migratoria migratoroides. Gen Comp Endocrinol 15: 198–219

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Jones JC (1962) Current concepts concerning insect haemocytes. Am Zool 2: 209–246

    Google Scholar 

  16. Jones JC (1965) The haemocytes of Rhodnius prolixus Stal. Biol Bull (Woods Hole) 129: 282–294

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Jones JC (1967) Effect of repeated haemolymph withdrawals and of ligaturing the head on differential counts of Rhodnius prolixus Stal. J Insect Physiol 13: 1351–1360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Jones JC (1970) Hemocytopoiesis in insects. In: Gordon AS (ed) Regulation of hemopoiesis. Appleton, New York

    Google Scholar 

  19. Kopéc S (1917) Experiments on metamorphosis of insects. Bull Int Acad Sci Cracovie (B): 57–60

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kopéc S (1922) Studies on the necessity of the brain for the inception of insect metamorphosis. Biol Bull (Woods Hole) 42: 323–342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Lea MS, Gilbert LI (1966) The hemocytes of Hyalophora cecropia (Lepidoptera) J Morphol 118: 197–216

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Mordue W (1969) The hormonal control of Malpighian tubue and rectal function in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. J Insect Physiol 15; 273–285

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Nappi AJ (1973a) The role of melanization in the immune reaction of larvae of Drosophila algonquin against Pseudeucoila bochei. Parasitology 66: 23–32

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Nappi AJ (1973b) Hemocytic changes associated with incapsulation and melanization of some parasites. Exp Parasitol 33: 285–302

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Nappi AJ, Stoffolano JC Jr (1971) Heterotylenchus autumnalis: Hemocytic reactions and capsule formation in the host, Musca domestica. Exp Parasitol 29: 116–125

    Google Scholar 

  26. Nittono Y (1960) Studies on the blood cells in the silkworm, Bombyx mori (L). Bull Seric Exp Stn 16: 171–266

    Google Scholar 

  27. Pathak JPN (1983) Effect of endocrine glands on the unfixed total haemocyte counts of the bug, Halys dentata. J Insect Physiol 29: 91–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Pathak JPN (1984) Effect of endocrine extracts and 5-HT on the unfixed total haemocyte counts of Halys dentata and spinning larvae of Bombyx mori. Invertebr Immunol Conf 17–20 Sept 1984, Montpellier, France. Dev Comp Immunol (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Rizki MT (1957a) Alterations in the hemocyte population of Drosophila melanogaster. J Morphol 100: 437–458

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Rizki MT (1957b) Tumor formation in relation to metamorphosis in Drosophila melanogas-ter. J Morphol 100: 459–472

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Rooseboom A (1937) Contribution à l’étude de la cytologie du sang de certains insects, avec quelques Considérations générales. Arch Neerl Zool 2: 432–559

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Shapiro M (1968) Changes in the hemocytes population of the wax moth Galleria mellonella during wound healing. J Insect Physiol 14: 1725–1733

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Shapiro M (1979) Changes in hemocyte population. In: Gupta AP (ed) Insect Hemocyte, 1st edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 475–523

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  34. Webley DP (1951) Blood cell counts in the African migratory locust (Locusta migratoria or migratorioides Reiche and Fairmaire) Proc R Entomol Soc Lond Ser Gen Entomol A 26: 25–37

    Google Scholar 

  35. Wheeler RE (1963) Studies on the total hemocyte count and hemolymph volume inPeriplaneta americana (L) with special reference to the last moulting cycle. J Insect Physiol 9: 223–235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Wigglesworth VB (1959) Insect blood cells. Annu Rev Entomol 4: 1–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Yeager JF (1945) The blood picture of the southern army worm (Prodenia eridania). J Agric Res China 71: 1–40

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, Madhav Science College, Vikram University, Ujjain, India

    J. P. N. Pathak

Authors
  1. J. P. N. Pathak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Pathologie Comparée, USTL, Place E. Bataillon, F-34060, Montpellier, France

    Michel Brehélin

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Pathak, J.P.N. (1986). Haemogram and Its Endocrine Control in Insects. In: Brehélin, M. (eds) Immunity in Invertebrates. Proceedings in Life Sciences. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70768-1_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70768-1_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-70770-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-70768-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation