Zusammenfassung
Experimentell arbeitende Psychologen sind im allgemeinen bemüht, das Reizmaterial so einfach wie möglich zu gestalten, um die Analyse der ohnehin komplizierten psychischen Prozesse nicht zusätzlich zu erschweren. Andererseits stellt sich in Anbetracht vieler experimenteller Versuchsanordnungen die Frage, welche Schlußfolgerungen die Ergebnisse über die psychischen Funktionen unter “natürlichen“ Bedingungen überhaupt noch zulassen. So gesehen kann die Analyse der Betrachtung komplexer Bilder (d.h. realistischer Szenen von Wohnungen, Straßen etc.) eine Herausforderung sein, die man annehmen sollte.1)
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Antes, J.R., The time course of picture viewing. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1974, 103, 62–70
Antes J.R. & Penland, J.G., Picture context effects on eye movement patterns. In D.F. Fisher, R.A. Monty & J.W. Senders (Hg.), Eye movements: Cognition and visual perception. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1981
Antes, J.R., Penland, J.G. & Metzger, R.L., Processing global information in briefly presented pictures. Psychological Research, 1981, 3, 277–292
Bartz, A.G., Peripheral detection and central task complexity. Human Factors, 1976, 18, 63–70
Becker, W., Do correction saccades depend exclusively on retinal feedback? A note on the possible role of non-retinal feedback. Vision Research, 1976, 16, 425–427
Biederman, I., Perceiving real-world scenes. Science, 1972, 177, 77–80
Biederman, I., Glass, A.L. & Stacy, E.W., Searching for objects in real-world scenes. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1973, 97, 22–27
Biederman, I., Rabinowitz, J.C., Glass, A.L. & Stacy, E.W., On the information extracted from a glance at a scene. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1974, 103, 597–600
Bouma, H., Visual search and reading: Eye movements and functional visual field. A tutorial review. In J. Requin (Hg.), Attention and performance 8. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1978
Brandt, H.F., Ocular patterns as an index of attentional value of size. American Journal of Psychology. 1940, 53, 564–574
Bruner, J.S. & Potter, M.C., Interference in visual recognition. Science, 1964, 144, 424–425
Buswell, G.T., How people look at pictures. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1935
Cohen, A.S., Is the duration of an eye fixation a sufficient criterion refering to information input? Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1977, 45, 766
Elkind, D. & Weiss, J., Studies in perceptual development: III. Perceptual exploration. Child Development, 1967, 38, 553–561
Engel, F.L., Visual conspicuity, directed attention and retinal locus. Vision Research, 1971, 11, 563–576
Engel, F.L., Visual conspicuity, visual search and fixation tendencies of the eye. Vision Research, 1977, 17, 95–108
Fisher, D.F., Karsh, R., Breitenbach, F. & Barnette, B.D., Eye movements and picture recognition: Contribution or embellishment? In R. Groner, C. Menz, D.F., Fisher & R.A. Monty (Hg.), Eye Movements and psychological functions: International views. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1983
Friedman, A., Framing pictures: The role of knowledge in automatized encoding and memory for gist. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 1979, 108, 316–355
Friedman, A.L. & Liebelt, L.S., On the time course of viewing pictures with a view towards remembering. In: D.F. Fisher, R.A. Monty & J.W. Senders (Hg.), Eye movements: Cognition an visual perception. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1981
Furst, C.J., Automatizing of visual attention. Perception & Psychophysics, 1971, 10, 65–70
Gallistel, G.R., The organization of action: A new synthesis. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1980
Gibson, J.J., The senses considered as perceptual systems. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1966. Dt.: Die Sinne und der Prozeß der Wahrnehmung. Bern, etc.: Huber, 1973.
Gibson, J.J., The ecological approach to visual perception. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1979. Dt.: Wahrnehmung und Umwelt. München, etc.: Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1982.
Gould, J.D., Looking at pictures. In R.A. Monty & J.W. Senders (Hg.), Eye movements and psychological processes. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1976
Groner, R., Menz, C., Fisher, D.F. & Monty, R.A. (Hg.), Eye movements and psychological functions: International views. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1983
Hacker, W., Allgemeine Arbeits- und Ingenieurpsychologie, Berlin: VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, 1973
Hanson, A.R. & Riseman, E.M., Segmentation of natural scenes. In A.R. Hanson & E.M. Riseman (Hg.), Computer vision systems. New York etc: Academic Press, 1978
Hebb, D.O., The organization of behavior. New York: Wiley & Sons, 1949
Heller, D., Problems of on-line processing of EOG-data in reading. In Groner, R., Menz, C., Fisher, D.A. & Monty, R.A. (Hg.), Eye movements and psychological functions: International views. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1983
Kant, I., Kritik der reinen Vernunft 2. Aufl. 1787. (Nachdruck, herausgegeben von B. Erdmann, Leipzig: Verlag von Leopold Voss, 1878 )
Kornhuber, H.H., Blickmotorik. In G. Baumgartner, H. Boraschein, R. Hanitzsch, R. Jung, H.H. Kornhuber, I. Rentschier, H. Schober & U. Thoden (Hg.), Sehen, Sinnesphysiologie III. München: Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1978
Kundel, H.L. & Nodine, C.F., Studies of eye movements and visual search in radiology. In J.W. Senders, D.F. Fisher & R.A. Monty (Hg.), Eye Movements and the higher psychological functions. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1978
Lesèvre, N., Les mouvements oculaïres d’exploration: étude électrooculographique comparée d’enfants normaux et d’enfants dyslexiques. Dissertation, Paris, 1964
Loftus, G.R., A framework for a theory of picture recognition. In R.A. Monty & J.W. Senders (Hg.), Eye movements and psychological processes. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1976
Loftus, G.R. & Mackworth, N.H., Cognitive determinants of fixation location during picture viewing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1978, 4, 565–572
Mackworth, N.H., Stimulus density limits the useful field of view. In R.A. Monty & J.W. Senders (Hg.), Eye movements and psychological processes. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1976
Mackworth, N.H. & Bruner, J.S., How adults and children search and recognize pictures. Human Development, 1970, 13, 149–177
Mackworth, N.H. & Morandi, A.J., The gaze selects informative details within pictures. Perception & Psychophysiçs, 1967, 2, 547–550
Meyers, L.S. & Rhoades, R.W., Visual search of common scenes. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1978, 30, 297–310
Minsky, M., A framework for representing knowledge. In P.H. Winston (Hg.), The psychology of computer vision. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975
Navon, D., Forest before, trees: The precedence of global features in visual perception. Cognitive Psychology, 1977, 9, 353–383
Neisser, U., Cognitive psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1967. Dt.: Kognitive Psychologie. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1974.
Neisser, U., Cognition and reality. San Francisco: Freeman, 1976. Dt.: Kognition und Wirklichkeit. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1978.
Nelson, W.W. & Loftus, G.R., The functional visual field during picture viewing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 1980, 6, 391–399
Nodine, C.F., Carmody, D.P. & Kundel, H.L., Searching for Nina. In J.W. Senders, D.F. Fisher & R.A. Monty (Hg.), Eye movements and the higher psychological functions. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1978
Noton, D. & Stark, L., Scanpaths in eye movements during pattern perception. Science, 1971, 171, 308–311
Palmer, S.E., The effects of contextual scenes on the identification of objects. Memory & Cognition, 1975, 3, 519–526
Piaget, J. & Inhelder, B., Die Entwicklung des räumlichen Denkens beim Kinde. Stuttgart: Klett, 1971
Pollack, I. & Spence, D., Subjective pictoral information and visual search. Perception & Psychophysics, 1968, 3, 41–44
Reinert, G., Visuelle Suche in komplexen Szenen. Ein experimenteller und theoretischer Beitrag zur Bildverarbeitung. Dissertation, Bochum, 1982
Reinert, G., Augenbewegungen bei geistig behinderten Kindern. Bericht Nr. 28/ 1983, Psychologisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Arbeitseinheit Kognitionspsychologie
Scheerer, E., Expansion of the functional visual field and context skipping in a continuous search task. Psychological Research, 1978, 40, 113–126
Schmidt, R.A., The schema as a solution to some persistent problems in motor learning theory. In G.E. Stelmach (Hg.), Motor control: Issues and trends. New York etc: Academic Press, 1976
Schmidt, R.A., The schema concept. In J.A.S. Kelso (Hg.), Human motor behavior. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1982
Stark, L. & Ellis, S.R., Scan path revisited: Cognitive models direct active looking. In D.F. Fisher, R.A. Monty & J.W. Senders (Hg.), Eye movements: Cognition and visual perception. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1981
Volpert, W., Handlungsstrukturanalyse. Köln: Pähl-Rugenstein, 1974
Vurpillot, E., The development of scanning strategies and their relation to visual differentiation. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1968, 6, 632–650
Widdel, H., A method of measuring the visual lobe area. In: R. Groner, C. Menz, D.F. Fisher & R.A. Monty (Hg.), Eye movements and psychological functions: International views. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1983
Wilton, K.M. & Boersma, F.J., Eye movements, surprise reactions and cognitive development. Rotterdam: Rotterdam University Press, 1974
Wolff, P., Saccadic eye movements and visual stability: Preliminary considerations towards a cognitive approach. In W. Prinz & A.F. Sanders (Hg.), Cognition and motor processes. Berlin etc.: Springer, 1984
Yarbus, A.L., Eye movements and vision. New York: Plenum Press, 1967
Young, L.R. & Sheena, D., Survey of eye movement recording methods. Behavior Research Methods and Instrumentation, 1975, 7, 397–429
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Reinert, G. (1985). Schemata als Grundlage der Steuerung von Blickbewegungen bei der Bildverarbeitung. In: Neumann, O. (eds) Perspektiven der Kognitionspsychologie. Lehr- und Forschungstexte Psychologie, vol 15. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70747-6_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70747-6_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-15841-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-70747-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive