Abstract
The subject of zero-field splittings requires a detailed description, for it is central to much that is of interest in magnetism. Zero-field splittings are often responsible for deviations from Curie law behavior, they give rise to a characteristic specific heat behavior, and they limit the usefulness of certain substances for adiabatic demagnetization. Furthermore, zero-field splittings cause a single-ion anisotropy which is important in characterizing anisotropic exchange, and are also one of the sources of canting or weak ferromagnetism (Chapt. 7).
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References
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Carlin, R.L. (1986). Paramagnetism: Zero-Field Splittings. In: Magnetochemistry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70733-9_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70733-9_2
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