Abstract
This chapter treating the energy exchange between matter and radiation represents the core of this book. Section 6.1 recalls the definitions of LTE and non-LTE, and of optically thin and optically thick gases. Optically thin plasmas are briefly discussed in Sect. 6.2. Optically thick plasmas are then considered for the special case of two-level atoms, where non-LTE line transfer is treated using a self-consistent approach via the radiative transfer equation and the kinetic equation of excited atoms. Section 6.3 derives the basic relations and discusses the physical assumptions underlying various approximations. Numerical results for the standard problem (line transfer by two-level atoms in a homogeneous and plane parallel gas) are presented in Sect. 6.4. Section 6.5 derives atomic and laboratory line profile coefficients of three-level atoms. Finally, Sect. 6.6 discusses non-Maxwellian electron distributions due to unbalanced inelastic collision processes in non-LTE plasmas.
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Oxenius, J. (1986). Energy Exchange Between Matter and Radiation. In: Kinetic Theory of Particles and Photons. Springer Series in Electrophysics, vol 20. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70728-5_6
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