Abstract
Two kinds of assessment have evolved in recent years: risk assessment (RA) and environmental impact assessment (EIA). These have developed along parallel paths, at times drawing procedures from each other, and sometimes being used in the same inquiry. Both are concerned with the well-being of the environment and with the human condition, so it is natural to make comparisons between them looking for similarities and differences. At the present time EIA has become more institutionalized than RA so it is useful to consider ways that evolving risk theory, assessment, and management can enhance the EIA process and where RA needs a different perspective. This is particularly important in cases where the EIA process is applied to a project in which the dominant concerns are the risks to humans, the natural environment, or valued material objects.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. (1976), Nuclear Power in Canada: The Canadian Issues. Ottawa.
Beanlands, Gordon E., and Duinker, Peter N. (1983). An Ecological Framework for Environmental Impact Assessment in Canada. Institute for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University. Halifax. Nova Scotia, and Federal Environmental Assessment Review Office.
Beaufort Sea (1982), Environmental Impact Statement for Hydrocarbon Development in the Beaufort Sea — MacKenzie Delta Region, Vol. 1 to 7. Prepared by Dome Petroleum Ltd., Esso Resources Canada Ltd., and Gulf Canada Resources Ltd.
Beaufort Sea Environmental Assessment Panel (1982), Guidelines for the Preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement for the Beaufort Sea Hydrocarbon Proposal, Canada, Environmental Assessment Review.
Berger, Mr. Justice Thomas R. (1977), Northern Frontier, Northern Homeland. The report of the MacKenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry, Volume 1, Ottawa, Department of Supply and Services.
Bowles, Roy T. (1981). Social Impact Assessment in Small Communities, Scarborough, Ontario, Butterworths.
Burton, I.; Fowle, C.D.; and McCullough, R.S. (1982), Living with Risk: Environmental Risk Management in Canada. Toronto. Institute for Environmental Studies. University of Toronto. Environmental Monograph No. 3.
Commission of Inquiry into the Non-Medical Use of Drugs (1973). Final Repot. Chairman G. LeDain. Ottawa.
Conrad. J. (ed.) (1980), Society, Technology, and Risk Assessment, London, Academic Press.
Couch, William J. (ed.) (1983), Environmental Assessment in Canada: 1983 Summary of Current Practice, Ottawa, Federal Environmental Assessment Review Office.
Couch, W.J.; Herity, J.F.; and Munn, R.E. (1983), Environmental Impact Assessment in Canada. Contained in PADC, 1983.
Crouch, Edmund A.C., and Wilson, Richard (1982), Risk/Benefit Analysis. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Ballinger Pub. Co.
Dierkes, Meinolf; Edwards, Sam; and Coppock, Rob, (ed.) (1980), Technological Risk, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Oelgeschlager, Gunn amp; Ha in Pub.
Dinman, B.D. (1980), The Reality and Acceptance of Risk, J. American Medical Association, 244 (11):1226–1228.
Doern, G. Bruce (1977), Regulatory Processes and Jurisdiction Issues in the Regulation of Hazardous Products in Canada, Ottawa, Science Council of Canada, Background Study No. 41.
Doern. G. Bruce (1981). The Peripheral Nature of Scientific and Technological Controversy in Federal Policy Formation. Ottawa, Science Council of Canada, Background Study No. 46.
Dooley, James E. (1982), Decision Making in Crisis Situations, in Kunreuther and Ley (1982).
Dooley, James E., and Robinson, John B. (1982), Nuclear Risk Management in Canada: An Examination of the Royal Commission on Electric Power Planning. Report to the Beijer Institute of The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the Swedish Energy Research and Development Commission.
Dooley, James E., and Burton, Ian (1983), “Risk Assessment for the Transport of Hazardous Materials.” Published in the Proceedings of a Symposium on the Assessment and Perception of Risk to Human Health in Canada. Sponsored by The Royal Society of Canada and The Science Council of Canada.
Douglas, Mary, and Wildavsky (1982), Risk and Culture. Berkeley, University of California Press.
Fairfax, S. (1978), A Disaster in the Environmental Movement. Science 199, 743–748.
Fischhoff, Baruch; Lichtenstein, Sarah; Slovic, Paul; Derby, Stephen L.; and Keeney, Ralph (1981), Acceptable Risk, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Goodman, Gordon T., and Rowe, Wm. D. (ed.) (1979), Energy Risk Management, London, Academic Press.
Greer-Wootten, Bryn (1980), Context, Concept and Consequence in Risk Assessment Research: A Comparative Overview of North American and European Approaches in the Social Sciences; published in Conrad, 1980, pp. 67–101.
Inhaber. Herbert (1982), Energy Risk Assessment. New York. Gordon and Breach.
Kahneman, D., Slovic, P., and Tversky, A. (ed.) (1982), Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Kunreuther, Howard C., and Ley. Eryl V. (ed.) (1982). The Risk Analysis Controversy: An Institutional Perspective. Berlin. Springer-Verlag. Proceedings of a Summer Study on Decision Processes and Institutional Aspects of Risk held at IIASA. Laxenburg. Austria. 22–26 June 1981.
Lang. Reg, and Armour, Audrey (1981), The Assessment and Review of Social Impacts, Ottawa, Federal Environmental Assessment Review Office.
Lemberg, Ray (1983), A Critical Risk Analysis Evaluation of the Environmental Impact Assessment: Beaufort Sea Hydrocarbon Production Proposal. Report preapred for the Beaufort Sea Environmental Assessment Panel, Lemberg Consultants (Canada) Inc.
Lowrance, William W. (1976), Of Acceptable Risk, Los Atlos, California, William Kaufmann Inc.
Oppenheimer, C.H.; Oppenheimer, D.; and Brogden, William B. (1976), Environmental Data Management, Proceedings of the Conference on Environmental Data Management held in the facilities of the Houston Museum of Natural Science, Houston. Texas, sponsored by the NATO Special Program Panel on Ecology.
O’Riordan. Timothy (1979), Environmental Impact Analysis and Risk Assessment in a Management Perspective, Goodman amp; Rowe, 1979, pp. 21–36.
Otway, Harry (1980), The Perception of Technological Risks: A Psychological Perspective, Ch. 5 of Dierkes et al., 1980.
Otway, Harry (1980), The Perception of Technological Risks: A Psychological Perspective. Ch. 5 of Dierkes et al., 1980.
PADC Environmental Impact Assessment and Planning Unit (1983), Environmental Impact Assessment, The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff Pub.
Pochin, E.E. (1975), The Acceptance of Risk, British Medical Journal, 31 (3): 184–190.
Proceedings of NATO Advanced Study, Institute on Environmental Impact Assessment, Toulouse, France, 30 August–12 September 1981.
Report of the Mississauga Railway Accident Inquiry (1980), The Honorable Mr. Justice Samuel G.M. Grange, Commissioner, Canada, Ministry of Supply and Services.
Rogers, J.T. and Bates, D.V. (ed.) (1983), A Symposium on the Assessment and Perception of Risk to Human Health in Canada, Ottawa, Royal Society of Canada.
Royal Commission on Electric Power Planning (1978), A Race Against Time, Interim Report on Nuclear Power in Ontario, Arthur Porter, Chairman, Ontario.
Royal Commission on Electric Power Planning (1980), Final Report, Volume 1 to 9, Arthur Porter, Chairman, Ontario.
Salter, L. and Slaco, D. (1981), Public Inguiries in Canada, Ottawa, Science Council of Canada.
Schwing, Richard C., and Albers, Walter A. (ed.) (1980), Societal Risk Assessment: How Safe is Safe Enough, New York, Plenum Press. Proceedings of the General Motors Symposium on Societal Risk Assessment, held in Warren, Michigan, October 7–9, 1979.
Siddall, E. (1980), Control of Spending on Nuclear Safety, Nuclear Safety, 21 (4): 451–460.
Slovic, Paul; Fischhoff, B.; and Lichtenstein, Sarah, Facts versus Fears: Understanding Perceived Risk. Published in Kahneman et al. (ed.), 1982.
Snell, V.G. (1979), “Safety of CANDU Nuclear Power Stations,” Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. Report AECL-6329.
The Cluff Lake Board of Inguiry Final Report (1978), Mr. Justice E.D. Bayda, Chairman, Saskatchewan.
Tribe, Lawrence H.; Schelling, Corinne S.; and Voss, John (ed.) (1976), When Values Conflict: Essays on Environmental Analysis, Discourse, and Decision, Cambridge. Massachussetts, Ballinger Pub. Co. Published for the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Whyte, Anne V.T. (1977), Guidelines for Field Studies in Environmental Perception, Paris, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Dooley, J.E. (1985). Risk Theory and the Environmental Assessment Process. In: Covello, V.T., Mumpower, J.L., Stallen, P.J.M., Uppuluri, V.R.R. (eds) Environmental Impact Assessment, Technology Assessment, and Risk Analysis. NATO ASI Series, vol 4. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70634-9_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70634-9_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-70636-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-70634-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive