Skip to main content

Developmental Studies on Brain Extracellular Space: Activity-Dependent K+ Accumulation and Shrinkage

  • Chapter
Ion Measurements in Physiology and Medicine

Abstract

Until recently, the microenvironment of cells within the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) has been largely neglected. Observations over the last 10 years, however, have established that the extracellular space (ECS) of brain is a very dynamic compartment with regard to its ionic contents as well as its dimensions (see for example, [16]). Our experiments focus on two aspects of ECS dynamics which are related to intense neural activity: K+ ceiling level and ECS shrinkage.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Astrup J, Norberg K (1976) Potassium activity in cerebral cortex in rats during progressive severe hypoglycemia. Brain Res 103:418–423

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bourke RS (1969) Studies of the development and subsequent reduction of swelling of mammalian cerebral cortex under isosmotic conditions in vitro. Exp Brain Res 8: 232–248

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Connors BW, Ransom BR, Kunis DM, Gutnick MJ (1982) Activity-dependent K+ accumulation in the developing rat optic nerve. Science 216:1341–1343

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Dietzel I, Heinemann U, Hofmeier G, Lux HD (1980) Transient changes in the size of the extracellular space in the sensorimotor cortex of cat. Exp Brain Res 40: 432–439

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Foster RE, Connors BW, Waxman SG (1982) Rat optic nerve: electrophysiological, pharmacological and anatomical studies during development. Dev Brain Res 3: 371–386

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Gill TH, Young OM, Tower DB (1974) The uptake of 36Cl into astrocytes in tissue culture by a potassium-dependent, saturable process. J Neurochem 23:1011–1018

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Hansen AJ, Olsen CE (1980) Brain extracellular space during spreading depression and ischemia. Acta Physiol Scand 108: 355–365

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Heinemann U, Lux HD (1977) Ceiling of stimulus-induced rises in extracellular potassium concentration in the cerebral cortex of cat. Brain Res 120: 231–249

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Hertz L (1978) An intense potassium uptake into astrocytes, its further enhancement by high concentrations of potassium and its possible involvement in potassium homeostasis at the cellular level. Brain Res 145: 202–208

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kimelberg HK (1979) Glial enzymes and ion transport in brain swelling. In: AJ Popp et al. (eds) Neural trauma. Raven, New York, pp 137–153

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kuffler SW (1967) Neuroglial cells: physiological properties and a potassium mediated effect of neuronal activity on the glial membrane potential. Proc R Soc Lond B 168:1–21

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Lam K, Sefton A, Bennett MR (1982) Loss of axons from the optic nerve of the rat during early postnatal development. Brain Res 3: 487–491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Lipton P (1973) Effects of membrane depolarization of light scattering by cerebral cortical slices. J Physiol (Lond) 231: 365–383

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Lux HD, Neher E (1973) The equilibration time course of [K+]O in cat cortex. Exp Brain Res 17: 190–205

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Mayevsky A, Zeuthen T, Chance B (1974) Measurements of extracellular potassium, ECoG and pyridine nucleotide levels during cortical spreading depression in rats. Brain Res 76:347–349

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Nicholson C (1980) Dynamics of brain cell microenvironment. Neurosci Res Prog Bull 18: 183–322

    Google Scholar 

  17. Phillips JM, Nicholson C (1979) Anion permeability in spreading depression investigated with ion-sensitive microelectrodes. Brain Res 173: 567–571

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Ransom BR, Goldring S (1973) Slow hyperpolarisation in cells presumed to be glia in cerebral cortex of cat. J Neurophysiol 36: 879–892

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Russell JM (1983) Cation-coupled chloride influx in squid axon. J Gen Physiol 81: 909–925

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Skoff RP, Price DL, Stocks A (1976) Electron microscopic autoradiographic studies of gliogene- sis in rat optic nerve. II. Time of origin. J Comp Neurol 169: 313–334

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Somjen GG (1979) Extracellular potassium in the mammalian central nervous system. Ann Rev Physiol 41:159–177

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Vyskocil F, Kriz N, Bures J (1973) Potassium selective microelectrodes used for measuring the extracellular brain potassium during spreading depression and anoxic depolarization in rats. Brain Res 39: 255–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Yamate CL, Ransom BR, Connors BW (1983) Activity-dependent shrinkage of brain extracellular space in rat optic nerve: a developmental study. Soc Neurosci (Abstr) 9: 503

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ransom, B.R., Yamate, C.L., Connors, B.W. (1985). Developmental Studies on Brain Extracellular Space: Activity-Dependent K+ Accumulation and Shrinkage. In: Kessler, M., et al. Ion Measurements in Physiology and Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70518-2_32

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70518-2_32

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-15468-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-70518-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics