Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bau und Funktion des Immunsystems

  • Chapter
Immunpharmakologie

  • 21 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Das Immunsystem besteht aus etwa 2 × 1012 Lymphozyten, die entweder frei im Blut zirkulieren oder in den Lymphknoten, dem Thymus, der Milz und dem Knochenmark in organspezifische räumliche Strukturen einbezogen sind. Im weiteren Sinne sind die Makrophagen, die wichtige antigenpräsentierende Funktionen haben und darüber hinaus Effektorfunktionen wahrnehmen, sowie die Granulozyten, die Mediatorzellen oder ebenfalls Effektorzellen sind, auch dem Immunsystem zuzurechnen. Die Gesamtheit aller Immunzellen besitzt mindestens die gleiche Zellmasse wie die Leber oder wie das zentrale Nervensystem und damit auch die gleiche räumliche Ausdehnung wie diese Organsysteme.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Allgemeine Literatur

  • Bach F, Good RA (eds) (1980): Clinical immunology, Vol 4, Academic Press, New York, 1–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallin JI, Fauci AS (eds) (1982): Phagocytic cells. Advances in Host Defense Mechanisms, Vol 1, Raven Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan A, Hill NO (eds) (1982): Human Lymphokines. Academic Press, New York, London, Paris, San Diego, San Francisco, São Paulo, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto

    Google Scholar 

  • Roitt I (1980): Essential Immunology. Blackwell Scientific Publication, 4. Auflage, Oxford, London, Edinburgh, Boston, Melbourne

    Google Scholar 

  • Sell St (ed) (1980): Immunology, Immunopathology and Immunity, 3. Auflage, Harper and Row, Hagerstown, Cambridge, London, New York, Mexico City, Philadelphia, São Paulo, San Francisco, Sydney

    Google Scholar 

Zitierte Literatur

  1. Acuto O, Hussey RE, Fitzgerald KA, Protentis JP, Meuer StC, Schlossman StF, Reinherz EL (1983): The human T cell receptor: appearance in ontogeny and biochemical relationship of α and ß subunits on IL-2 dependent clones and T cell tumors. Cell, Vol 34, 717–726

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Adams JM (1980): The organization and expression of immunoglobulin genes. Immunol Today 1, 10–17

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Askenase PhW, Loveren H van (1983): Delayed-type hypersensitivity: activation of mast cells by antigen-specific T-cell factors initiates the cascade of cellular interactions. Immunology Today, Vol 4, No 9, 259–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Babior BM (1984): The respiratory burst of phagocytes. J Clin Invest, Vol 73, 599–601

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Burgess AW, Metcalf D (1980): The nature and action of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors. Blood, Vol 56, No 6, 947–958

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Cantor H, Boyse EA (1977): Regulation of cellular and humoral immune responses by T-cell subclasses. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 41, 23–32

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Edelman GM (1970): The structure and function of antibodies. Sci Am 223 (2), 34–42

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Farrar JJ, Benjamin WR, Hilfiker ML, Howard M, Farrar WL, Fuller-Farrar J (1982): The biochemistry, biology and role of interleukin 2 in the induction of cytotoxic T cell and antibody- forming B cell responses. Immunological Rev, Vol 63, 129–166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Hedrick StM, Cohen DI, Nielsen EA, Davis MM (1984): Isolation of c-DNA clones encoding T cell-specific membrane-associated proteins. Nature, Vol 308, 149–153

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hedrick StM, Nielsen EA, Kavaler J, Cohen DI, Davis MM (1984): Sequence relationships between putative T-cell receptor polypeptides and immunoglobulins. Nature, Vol 308, 153–158

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Kineade PW (1981): Formation of B lymphocytes in fetal and adult life. Advances in Immunology, Vol 31, 177–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Klein J, Juretic A, Constantin NB, Nagy ZA (1981): The traditional and a new version of the mouse H-2 complex. Nature 291, 455–460

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Leder P (1982): The genetics of antibody diversity. Sci Am 246 (5), 72–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Leder Ph (1982)°: Die Vielfalt der Antikörper. Spektrum der Wissenschaft, 100–112

    Google Scholar 

  15. Lotzová, E (1983/84): Natural immunity. Nat Immun Cell Growth Regul 3, 1–6

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Manser T, Wysocki LJ, Gridley Th, Near RI, Gefter ML (1985): The molecular evolution of the immune response. Immunology Today, Vol 6, No 3, 94–100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Mingari MC, Gerosa F, Carra G, Accolla RS, Moretta A, Zubler RH, Waldmann TA, Moretta L (1984): Human interleukin-2 promotes proliferation of activated B cells via surface receptors similar to those of activated T cells. Nature, Vol 312, 641–643

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Miyawaki T, Moriya N, Nagaoki T, Taniguchi N (1981): Maturation of B-cell differentiation ability and T-cell regulatory function in infancy and childhood. Immunological Rev, Vol 57, 61–87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Nakayama E, Uenaka A (1984): Lyt phenotype of cytoxic T-cells: shift from Lyt-l+2+3+ to a mixed population of Lyt-l+2+3+ and Lyt-l“2+3+ during in vitro culture. Cellular Immunology 87, 15–22

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Nathenson SG, Uehara H, Ewenstein BM, Kindt TJ, Coligan JE (1981): Primary structural analysis of the transplantation antigens of the murine H-2 major histo-compatibility complex. Annu Rev Biochem 50, 1025–1052

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Nicola NA, Vadas MA (1984): Hemopoietic colony-stimulating factors. Immunology Today, Vol 5, No 3, 76–80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Osmond DG (1979): Generation of B lymphocytes in the bone marrow. In: Lymphocytes in the Immune Response (Cooper-Mosier-Scher-Vitetta, eds). Elsevier North Holland, Inc, 63–70

    Google Scholar 

  23. Ploegh HL, Orr HT, Strominger JL (1981): Major histocompatibility antigens: the human (HLA-A, -B, -C) and murine (H-2k, H-2D) class 1 molecules. Cell 24, 287–299

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Reid KB (1983): Proteins involved in the activation and control of the two pathways of human complement. Biochem Soc Trans 1, 1–12

    Google Scholar 

  25. Reinherz EL, Kung PC, Goldstein G, Levey R, Schlossman SF (1980): Discrete stages of human intrathymic differentiation: analysis of normal thymocytes and leukemic lymphoblasts of T-cell lineage. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77, 1588–1592

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Reinherz EL, Acuto O, Fabbi M, Bensussan A, Milanese C, Royer HD, Meuer StC, Schlossman StF (1984): Clonotypic surface structure on human T-lymphocytes: functional and biochemical analysis of the antigen receptor complex. Immunological Rev 81, 95–129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Rood JJ van, Vries RRP de, Bradley BA (1981): Genetics and biology of the HLA system. In: The role of the major histocompatibility complex in immunbiology (Dorf ME, ed), New York: Garland STPM, 59–113

    Google Scholar 

  28. Scollay R, Bartlett P, Shortman K (1984): T-cell development in the adult murine thymus: changes in the expression of the surface antigens Ly2, L3T4 and B2A2 during development from early precursor cells to emigrants. Immunological Reviews, No 82, 79–103

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Silverton EW, Navia MA, Davies DR (1977): Three-dimensional structure of an intact human immunoglobulin. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 74, 5140–5144

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Stasny P, Ball EJ, Dry PJ, Nunez G (1983): The human immune response region (HLA-D) and disease susceptibility. Immunological Rev 70, 113–153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Stites DP, Pavia ChS (1979): Ontogeny of human T cells. Pediatrics 64/Suppl, 795–802

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Sugamura K, Fujii M, Kobayashi N, Sakitani M, Hatanaka M, Hinuma Y (1984): Retrovirus-induced expression of interleukin 2 receptors on cells of human B-cell lineage. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81, 7441–7445

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Timonen T, Ortaldo JR, Herberman RB (1981): Characteristics of human large granular lymphocytes and relationship to natural killer and K cells. J Exp Med, Vol 153, 569–582

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Toivanen P, Uksila J, Leino A, Lassila O, Hirvonen T, Ruuskanen O (1981): Development of mitogen responding T cells and natural killer cells in the human fetus. Immunological Rev, Vol 57, 89–105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Tonegawa S et al (1981): Somatic reorganization of immunoglobulin genes during lymphocyte differentiation. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 45, 839–858

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Tonegawa S (1983): Somatic generation of antibody diversity. Nature, Vol 302, 575–581

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Tsoukas CD, Valentine M, Lotz M, Vaughan JH, Carson DA (1984): The role of the T3 molecular complex in antigen recognition and subsequent activation events. Immunology Today, Vol 5, No 11, 311–313

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Vadas MA, López AF (1984): Regulation of granulocyte function by colony-stimulating factors. Lymphokine Research, Vol 3, No 2, 45–50

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Yanagi Y, Yoshikai Y, Leggett K, Clark StP, Aleksander I, Mak TW (1984): A human T cell-specific cDNA clone encodes a protein having extensive homology to immunoglobulin chains. Nature, Vol 308, 145–149

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Zinkemagel RM, Doherty PC (1974): Restriction of in vitro T cell-mediated cytotoxicity in lymphocytic choriomeningitis within a syngeneic or semiallogeneic system. Nature 248, 701–702

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Zinkemagel RM (1978): Major transplantation antigens in host responses to infection. Hosp Pract 13 (7), 83–92

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. F. Hoffmann-La Roche u. Co. AG, Pharmazeutische Forschung, Grenzacherstr. 124, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland

    Professor Dr. med. Jürgen Drews

Authors
  1. Professor Dr. med. Jürgen Drews
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Drews, J. (1986). Bau und Funktion des Immunsystems. In: Immunpharmakologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70502-1_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70502-1_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-15456-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-70502-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation