Zusammenfassung
Wir möchten in diesem Beitrag erörtern, inwieweit die Untersuchung frühkindlicher Wortbedeutungen Einsichten in die kognitive Entwicklung gibt. Gesetzmäßigkeiten in Art und Abfolge des Wortbedeutungserwerbs könnten Hinweise für das Entstehen eines begrifflichen Systems liefern, mit dem Kinder Objekte und Ereignisse kategorisieren. Wenn das zutreffen sollte, wäre die Erforschung der Wortbedeutungen eine ausgezeichnete Möglichkeit, unterschiedlichste Aspekte der kognitiven Entwicklung zu analysieren. Man könnte feststellen, ob verschiedene Begriff ssysteme sich in ihrer Komplexität unterscheiden, ob bestimmte Begriffe zuerst erworben werden müssen, damit andere entstehen können usw. Aber wir dürfen nicht einfach davon ausgehen, daß Gesetzmäßigkeiten des Wortbedeutungserwerbs eindeutige Belege für die Entwicklung begrifflicher Fähigkeiten sind. Man könnte ebensogut die Benennungspraktiken der Eltern dafür verantwortlich machen. In diesem Fall würden die erworbenen Bedeutungen das Spektrum der Referenzobjekte und -handlungen widerspiegeln, das die Erwachsenen mit Namen bzw. Worten belegen. Der Bedeutungserwerb wäre dann eine Funktion des jeweiligen Wortgebrauchs der sozialen Umwelt. Um also die relative Bedeutung begrifflicher Fähigkeiten im Vergleich zum sprachlichen Input abzuschätzen, müssen wir zuerst überprüf en, ob der Verlauf des Bedeutungserwerbs eher mit Modellen der Begriffsentwicklung übereinstimmt oder mit den Benennungspraktiken der Erwachsenen oder mit beiden.
Die Übersetzung aus dem Englischen besorgte Christine Wiederwald, wobei sie von Wolfgang Wannenmacher unterstützt und beraten wurde. Wir danken Janellen Huttenlocher, Patricia Smiley und Hilary Ratner für die Erlaubnis, diesen Beitrags ins Deutsche übertragen zu durfen. Er erschien ursprunglich unter dem Titel “What Do Word Meanings Reveal About Conceptual Development?” in Th.B. Seiler & W. Wannenmacher, Eds., Concept Development and the Development of Word Meaning. New York: Springer, 1983, 210–234.
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Huttenlocher, J., Smiley, P., Ratner, H. (1985). Was verraten Wortbedeutungen über die kognitive Entwicklung?. In: Seiler, T.B., Wannenmacher, W. (eds) Begriffs- und Wortbedeutungsentwicklung. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70489-5_11
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