Zusammenfassung
In diesem Aufsatz werden die wichtigsten in der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) formulierten und benützten Konzepte zur Darstellung der Semantik natürlicher Sprache vorgestellt und diskutiert. Man ist sich heute für alle Typen von natürlichsprachlichen Systemen (NSS) einig, dass eine semantische Komponente ein unverzichtbarer Bestandteil eines solchen Systems ist.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literaturangaben
Blau, D.: Die dreiwertige Logik der Sprache. De Gruyter, Berlin, New York (1978)
Bobrow D., Collins A.M. (eds) (1975): Representation and Understanding: Studies in Cognitive science. Academic Press, New York.
Bobrow D., Winograd T. (1977): An overview of KRL, a knowledge representation language. In: Cognitive Science 1, pp. 3–46.
Boley H. (1977): Directed recursive labelnode hypergraphs: A new representation language. In: Artificial Intelligence 9, pp. 49–85.
Brachman R.J. (1979): On the Epistemological Status of Semantic Networks. In: Findler N.V. (ed.): Associative Networks-Representation and Use of knowledge by Computers. Academic Press, New York San Francisco London.
Braun S., Schwind C.B. (1976): Automatic Semantics based Indexing of Natural Language Texts for Information Retrieval Systems. In: Information Processing and Management 12, pp. 147–153.
Brown F.M., Schwind C.B.: Towards an Integrated Theory of Natural Language Understanding. In: AISB/GI - Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Hamburg (1978)
Brown F.M., Schwind C.B,: Outline of an Integrated Theory of Natural Language Understanding. In: Bolc L. (ed.) Representation and processing of natural Language. Hanser/Macmillan, München/London (1980)
Bruce B.C. (1971): A Model for Temporal References and its Application in a Question Answering Program. In: Artificial Intelligence 2.
Colmerauer A. (1978): Metamorphosis Grammars. In: Bolc L.(ed.): Natural Language Communication with Computers. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 63. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New york.
Colmerauer A., Pique J.F. (1981): About Natural Logic. In: Gallaire H., Minker J., Nicolas J.M. (eds.): Advances in Data Base Theory Vol. 1. Plenum Press New York, London.
Cooper W.S. (1964): Fact Retrieval and Deductive Question-Answering Information Retrieval Systems. In: JACM 11, n° 2.
Dahl V. (1979): Quantification in a three valued logic for natural language question-answering systems. In: IJCAI-6, Tokyo.
Dahl V, (1979): Logical design of deductive natural language consultable data bases, Proc. 5 th Internat. Conference on very large data bases, Rio de Janeiro.
Dahl V. (1981): Translating Spanish into Logic through Logic. In: AJCL 13 pp. 149–164.
Dahl V., McCord M, (1983): Treating Coordination in Logic Grammars In: AJCL, Vol 9, n°2. pp. 69–91.
Fillmore C. (1968): The case for case. In: Bach E., Harms R. (eds.): Universals in linguistic theory. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York.
Findler N, (ed.) (1979): Associative Networks, Representation and Use of knowledge by Computers. Academic Press, New York, San Francisco London.
Frege G. (1982): Uber Sinn und Bedeutung.Zeitschrift für Philosophische Kritik, pp. 25–50.
v. Hahn W., Hoeppner W,., Jameson A,, Wahlster W. (1980): The anatomy of the natural language dialogue system HAM-RPM, In: Bole L, (ed.): Natural language based computer systems. Hanser/Macmillan, München, London.
Hayes P.J. (1971): A logic of actions. In: Meitzer B., Michie D. (eds,) Machine Intelligence. Edinburgh.
Janas J.M,, Schwind C.B. (1979): Extensional Semantic Networks: Their Representation, Application and Generation. In: (Findler N. (ed.) 1979 ).
Joshi A., Webber B,, Sag I. (1981): Elements of discourse understanding. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, London, New York.
Kamlah W., Lorenzen P, (1967): Logische Propädeutik oder Vorschule des vernünftigen Redens. BI Mannheim.
Kaplan S.J. (1981): Appropriate responses to inappropriate questions. In: (Joshi et al. 1981 ).
Kaplan S.J. (1982): Cooperative responses from a portable natural language query system. In: Artificial Intelligence 19, pp. 165–187.
Katz J. (1969) : Philosophie der Sprache, Theorie Suhrkamp Verlag Frankfurt a Main (Ubersetzt aus dem Amerikanischen, Originalausgabe (1966)).
Kellog C. (1968): A natural language compiler for on-line data management. Proc. Fall Joint Computer Conf.
Knuth D.E. (1969) : Semantics of context-free languages. In : Math. Syst. Theory 2„
Kowalski R.A. (1979): Logic for Problem Solving, North Holland New York.
Kripke S.A. (1959) A Completness Theorem in Modal Logic. In: The Journal of Symbolic Logic 24, pp. 1–14.
Kripke S.A. (1963) : Semantical Analysis of Modal Logic I, normal propositional calculi. In : Zeitschr. f. math. Logik u. Gründl. d. Math. 9, pp. 67–96.
Kripke S.A. ( 1963 b): Semantical considerations on Modal Logic. In: Acta Philosophica Fennica, pp. 83–94.
v. Leibnitz G.W. (1840): Opera Philosophica, Erdmann.
Manna Z., Pnueli A. (1983) : Verification of Concurrent Programs : A Temporal Proof System. Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Report No. STAN-CS-83-967
Mc Carthy J., Hayes P,Y. (1969) : Some Philosophical problems from the standpoint of Artificial Intelligence. In : Meitzer B., Michie D. (eds.) : Machine Intelligence 4. Edinburgh University Press.
Mc Carthy J. (1981): A problem in Formalisation, Personal communication.
Mc Cord M.C. (1981): Focalizers, the Scoping Problem, and Semantic Interpretation Rules in Logic Grammars. In: Warren D., Van Caneghem M. (eds.): Logic Programming and its Application. To appear
Mc Cord M.C. (1982) : Using Slots and Modifiers in Logic Grammars for Natural Language. In : Artificial Intelligence 18, pp. 327–367.
Mc Dermott D, (1982) : Nonmonotonic logic II : Nonmonotonic Modal Theories. In : JACM 29,1.
Minsky M. (1975): A framework for representing knowledge. In: Winston P, (ed.): The psychology of Computer vision Mc Graw-Hill, New York.
Minsky M, (ed.) (1968) : Semantic Information Processing MIT Press Cambridge Mass.
Pereira F. Warren D. (1980) : Definite Clause Grammars for Language Analysis-a survey of the Formalism and a Comparison with Transition Networks. In : Artificial Intelligence 13, pp. 231–278.
Pereira F., Warren D. (1982) : An Efficient Easily Adaptable System for Interpreting Natural Language Queries. In : AJCL 8, pp. 110–122.
Prior A.N. (1967): Past, Present, Future. Oxford University Press.
Quillian M.R. (1968): Semantic memory. In: ( Minsky M. 1968 ).
Quillian M.R. (1969): The teachable language comprehender: A simulation program and thery of language. In: CACM 12, n° 8, pp. 459–476.
Raphael B. (1968): SIR: A Computer program for semantic information retrieval. In: ( Minsky M. 1968 ).
Reiter R. (1980) : A logic for Default Reasoning. In : Artificial Intelligence, vol. 13 pp. 81–132.
Rescher N., Urquhart A, (1971): Temporal Logic. Berlin, Heidelberg New York, Wien: Springer.
Roberts R.B., Goldstein I.P. (1977): The FRL manual MIT, AI Laboratory, Memo Nr. 409.
Schank R.C.(1973) : Inference and Conceptual Memory. In : Coling 73 Conference Proceedings.
Schank R.C.(ed.) (1975): Conceptual Information Processing. North-Holland, Amsterdam.
Schank R.C., Abelson R,P, (1977): Goals, plans, scripts and understanding: an inquiry into human knowledge structures, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale.
Schank R.C., Goldman N., Rieger C,, Riesbeck C. (1973) : MARGIE : Memory, analysis, response generation and inference in English.Proceeding of IJCAI-3, pp. 225–261.
Schank R.C., Goldman N. Rieger C., Riesbeck C, (1975): Inference and paraphrase by computer. JACM, vol. 22, N° 3, pp. 309–328.
Schank R.C,, Riesbeck C.K, (1981): Inside computer understanding. Hillsdale New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Schank R.C. (1982): Dynamic Memory.Cambridge University Press, New York.
Schubert L, (1976); Extending the expressive power of semantic networks. In: Artificial Intelligence 7, pp. 163–202
Schubert L.K., Goebel R.G., Cercone N,J. (1979): The structure and Organization of a Semantic net for comprehension and inference. In: ( Findler N. 1979 ).
Schwarcz R.M., Burger J.F., Simmons R.F. (1970) : A deductive question Answerer for Natural language Inference. In : CACM Vol. 13, N° 3.
Schwind C.B. (1975) : Generating hierarchical semantic networks from natural language discourse. In : IJCAI 4 Tbilisi, pp. 429–434.
Schwind C.B. (1977): Ein Formalismus zur Beschreibung der Syntax und Bedeutung von Frage-Antwort-Systemen. Ph. D. Thesis. TUM-INFO-7710. Institut für Informatik der TUM, 1977, München.
Schwind, C.B. (1978): Representing Actions by State Logic. In Proceedings of the AISB/GI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Hambourg, 1978, pp. 304–308.
Schwind, C.B. (1979): Entwicklung einer integrierten Theorie zur Sprachanalyse. In: Christaller T., Metzing D. (eds.): Augmented Transition Network Grammatiken. Einhorn-Verlag, Berlin.
Schwind, C.B. (1982) : Natural language Access to PROLOG Database Systems. In : Wahlster W. (ed.) : GWAI-82, 6 th German Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Springer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York.
Schwind, C.B. (1983) : A completeness Proof for a Logic of Actions. Report LISH 172 bis.
Schwind, C.B. (1984): Logic Based Natural Language Processing. International workshop on Natural Language Understanding and Logic Programming. Rennes 1984.
Shapiro S.C. (1979) : The SNe PS Semantic Network Processing System. In : (Findler N.1979)
Simmons R.F. (1973): Semantic Networks: Their computation and use for understanding English sentences. In: Schank R.C., Colby K.M. (eds.): Computer Models of Thought and Language. Freeman, San Francisco, California, pp. 63–113.
Simmons R.F., Bruce B.C. (1971): Some relations between predicate calculus and semantic net representations of discourse, IJCAI 2, pp. 524–529.
Simmons R.F., Chester D. (1977): Inferences in quantified semantic Networks. IJCAI 5, pp. 267–273.
Simmons R.F., Slocum J. (1972) : Generating English discourse from semantic networks. In : CACM 15, n° 10, pp. 891–905.
Sridharan N.S. (1978) : AIMDS user manual version 2, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, Dept. of Computer Science, Report Nr. CBM-TR-89.
Wahlster W. (1982): Natürlichsprachliche Systeme, eine Einführung in die sprachorientiente KI - Forschung. In: Bibel W., Siekmann J.H. (eds): Künstliche Intelligenz, Frühjährsschule Teisendorf, März 1982. Informatik-Fachberichte 59, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp. 203–283.
Webber B.L. (1978) : A Formal Approach to Discourse Anaphora. Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc. Report n° 3761. Cambridge Mass.
Webber B.L. ( 1981): Discourse model synthesis. In: (Joshi A. et al. 1981 ).
Wilensky R. (1978): Understanding goal-based stories. Ph. D. Dissertation, Yale University, Computer Science Department, Report Nr. 140.
Winograd T. (1972): Understanding natural language. Academic Press New York.
Winograd T. (1975): Frame Representations and the Declarative/Procedural Controversy. In: ( Bobrow D., Collins A.M. 1975 ).
Woods W. (1975): What’s in a link ? Foundations for semantic networks. In: ( Bobrow D. Collins A.M. 1975 ).
Woods W. ( 1981): Procedural semantics as a theory of meaning. In: (Joshi A. et al. 1981 ).
Xiwen Ma, Weide G. (1983) : W-JS : A Modal Logic of knowledge. In : IJCAI-83 pp. 398–401.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Schwind, C.B. (1985). Semantikkonzepte in der Künstlichen Intelligenz. In: Habel, C. (eds) Künstliche Intelligenz. Informatik-Fachberichte, vol 93. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70283-9_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70283-9_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-15190-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-70283-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive