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Experimentelle Grundlagen der Radioimmundiagnostik und -therapie humaner Melanome mit monoklonalen Antikörpern

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Dermatologie und Nuklearmedizin

Zusammenfassung

Der potentielle Nutzen monoklonaler Antikörper (MAk) für den Melanompatienten wird durch das Eigenschaftsspektrum der verfügbaren Antikörper und die Biologie der entsprechenden tumorassoziierten Antigene bestimmt. Biopsiematerial, Zellkulturen und Heterotransplantate humaner Melanome wurden mit 18 gegen membranassoziierte und 2 gegen zytoplasmatische Antigene gerichtete MAk untersucht. Die Charakterisierung der Antigenexpression heterogener Tumorzellpopulationen erfolgte mit Immunhistologie, und -Zytologie, Autoradiographie, Zytofluorographie und einem Enzymimmunassay. Die Zielstrukturen der Antikörperbindung an oder in der Zelle konnten mit der Immunelektronenmikroskopie dargestellt werden. Sieben MAk wurden hinsichtlich ihres Bindungsverhaltens an kultivierten Melanomzellen und an Transplantaten in der Nacktmaus, sowie ihre Eignung für die Immunszintigraphie charakterisiert. Allgemein wurde festgestellt, daß

  1. 1.

    Shedding des Antigen-Antikörperkomplexes nach erfolgter Bindung zu niedriger Akkumulation des markierten Antikörpers im Tumorgewebe führt, während

  2. 2.

    hohe Akkumulation eintritt, wenn hohe Antigendichte auf der Tumorzell-Oberfläche mit einer Internalisierung des Antigen-Antikörperkomplexes einhergeht.

In dieser Situation wurden auch therapeutische Erfolge im Sinne einer Reduktion des Tumorvolumens in der Nacktmaus durch subletale Dosen von Antikörper-gebundenem 131J erzielt. Aufgrund der vorliegenden Ergebnisse können zwei der geprüften Antikörper, nämlich M.2.7.6 und M.2.10.15, in die engere Wahl für künftige klinische Anwendungen gezogen werden.

Summary

The potential value of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for clinical appHcation is determined by the properties of available MAbs and the biological characteristics of respective tumor-associated antigens. Biopsy material, cell lines and xenografts of human melanomas were investigated with MAbs directed against membrane-associated (18 MAbs) and cytoplasmic (2 MAbs) antigens. The characterization of the antigenic phenotype by immunohistology, -cytology, autoradiography, cytofluorography and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed marked heterogeneity of tumor cell populations. The exact target structure of individual MAbs was visualized by immunoelectron microscopy. Seven MAbs were characterized with respect to their binding to cultured melanoma cells and to transplants in nude mice in order to evaluate their potential use as radiopharmaceuticals in scintigraphy and radiotherapy. In general it was found that

  1. 1)

    shedding of the antigen-antibody complex resulted in low accumulation of antibody in tumor tissue, while

  2. 2)

    high antigen density at the tumor cell surface together with internalization of the antigen-antibody complex led to high accumulation rates.

In the latter situation, reduction of preestabUshed tumor volumes in nude mice was observed in therapeutic trials using sublethal doses of antibody-bound 131I. On the basis of present data, antibodies M.2.7.6 and M.2.10.15 deserve further consideration as candidates for clinical applications.

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© 1985 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg

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Matzku, S., Tilgen, W. (1985). Experimentelle Grundlagen der Radioimmundiagnostik und -therapie humaner Melanome mit monoklonalen Antikörpern. In: Holzmann, H., Altmeyer, P., Hör, G., Hahn, K. (eds) Dermatologie und Nuklearmedizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70279-2_19

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70279-2_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-15170-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-70279-2

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