Epidemiology of Rabies in India

Summary

Rabies is one of the oldest recognised diseases of mankind and one of the most important zoonotic diseases in India. It is found in most parts of country with the exception of some islands like Lakshadweep-Minicoy, Andeman and Nicobar. Rabies is not a notifiable disease in this country and as such it is difficult to know the exact prevalence. It is, therefore, usually assessed by the number of cases taking treatment after dog bite and by the deaths caused by hydrophobia and also by the confirmed positive cases — animals or humans in the laboratory. The states like Manipur, Maghalaya, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland, Dadra and Nagar Haveli have reported only occasional hydrophobia deaths, while a substantial number is reported from Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh. Dog still continues to be the main reservoir of infection and is responsible for over 90% of hydrophobia deaths. All age groups are exposed to Rabies but the predominant group (50%) is 6–15 years. Males are four times more common victims than females. Strict Public Health measures and recommended further epidemiological studies for control of rabies in the country are highlighted.