Introduction

Abstract

A computer is an electronic machine composed of many circuits. The physical machine is called the hardware. This is often viewed as analogous to a human being without a brain. In fact, the hardware on its own has only limited capabilities. To be powerful, a computer must be programmed. It has to receive and understand instructions. Moreover, many basic instructions must already be stored in the computer. These basic instructions are known as the basic software of the computer. Instructions to the computer cannot be entered randomly and without logic or rules. In fact, to program a computer it is necessary to use a language, called a programming language.